Review
Plant Sciences
Dora Lawrencia, See Kiat Wong, Darren Yi Sern Low, Bey Hing Goh, Joo Kheng Goh, Uracha Rungsardthong Ruktanonchai, Apinan Soottitantawat, Learn Han Lee, Siah Ying Tang
Summary: The rising global population is expected to increase the demand for nitrogen fertilizers, with controlled release fertilizers emerging as a potential solution. However, challenges such as tailing effect and high materials cost are hindering the widespread application of CRF in agriculture. This review discusses issues related to conventional fertilizers and CRFs, comparing different raw materials and preparation methods while also examining factors affecting release rate and modeling approaches.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Axel Anlauf
Summary: This article analyzes the dependence of industrial agriculture on nutrients such as phosphate rock and argues that bioeconomy strategies exacerbate conflicts over phosphate supply and global inequalities, particularly evident in food crises.
SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Xiuyi Yang, Chao Zhang, Xiaoli Ma, Qianjin Liu, Juan An, Shujian Xu, Xingyuan Xie, Jibiao Geng
Summary: The study demonstrates that the combination of organic fertilizers and controlled-release urea can increase wheat yield and reduce nitrogen leaching, with the best results observed when substituting 30-50% of urea with organic fertilizers.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Robiul Islam Rubel, Lin Wei
Summary: This study aims to develop a novel biochar-based controlled-release N fertilizer by formulating nitrogen fertilizer particles and applying a polylactic acid coating via the spray coating method. The results showed that the release time of 70% N from the BCRNFs particles into water could be controlled by adjusting the PLA coating content.
JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Lu Liu, Qi Miao, Hongye Wang, Yanfang Xue, Shijun Qi, Jishi Zhang, Junchao Li, Qingfeng Meng, Zhenling Cui
Summary: Phosphorous (P) fixation in saline soils is a global concern. This study investigated the effects of different P sources and rates on winter wheat yield, P uptake, agronomy efficiency, and soil quality in the coastal saline area of China. The results showed that optimizing P sources and rates, with superphosphate (SSP) being the most effective source, can significantly improve wheat yield and P uptake.
Article
Polymer Science
Said Sair, Soumia Aboulhrouz, Othmane Amadine, Ikrame Ayouch, Ilham Jioui, Younes Essamlali, Karim Danoun, Boubker Ouadil, Mohamed Zahouily
Summary: This study developed Polyalkyd-urethane (PAU) film formulations based on alkyd resin as coating films for NPK granules, creating Slow-Controlled Release Fertilizers (SCRF). The coated fertilizers demonstrated cohesive films on the granules and exhibited excellent slow-release properties for nutrients. The experiment also showed that the coated films significantly improved the hardness of the granules and achieved a high nutrient release percentage.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Miray Celikbilek Ersundu, Bahar Kuzu, Ali Ercin Ersundu
Summary: Different phosphate glasses were synthesized and investigated for their physical, thermal, and structural properties, as well as long-term dissolution behavior in different solvent media. The studied glass compositions show potential as controlled release fertilizers for tomato plants, with long-term nutrient release and minimal pH change or toxic compound release.
JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Zhisheng Cen, Lin Wei, Kasiviswanathan Muthukumarappan, Abdus Sobhan, Rachel McDaniel
Summary: This study aims to develop a biochar-based controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer (BCRNF) to improve nitrogen supply time and rate, thereby increasing nitrogen use efficiency. Through impregnating ammonium sulfate in biochar and coating with polylactic acid, 70% of nitrogen was released in 12 days in water and 25 days in soil. The thermal stability was good, and the PLA concentration significantly affected the nitrogen release time and rate.
JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fatima-Zahra El Bouchtaoui, El-Houssaine Ablouh, Manal Mhada, Ihsane Kassem, Mohamed Hamid Salim, Salma Mouhib, Zineb Kassab, Houssine Sehaqui, Mounir El Achaby
Summary: This study designed a sustainable coating material based on biodegradable polymers, integrating lignin, methylcellulose, and citric acid into a three-dimensional cross-linked network. The coating material showed environmental friendliness, with effective nutrients release delay, enhanced mechanical resistance of fertilizers, and increased soil water retention capacity. The agronomic evaluation confirmed its potential in enhancing wheat growth and fruit yield.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Rebecca V. McQuillan, Geoffrey W. Stevens, Kathryn A. Mumford
Summary: This study demonstrates the effective encapsulation of water-soluble fertilizers using liquid marble (LM) technology. By fabricating polymeric shells of varying compositions and thicknesses, the release properties of the marbles can be controlled and adjusted to meet different application needs. A kinetic model is implemented to accurately simulate and predict the release characteristics.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Lisa Mau, Josefine Kant, Robert Walker, Christina M. Kuchendorf, Silvia D. Schrey, Ute Roessner, Michelle Watt
Summary: Algae have the potential to replace synthesized and mined fertilizers in agriculture by efficiently absorbing excess nutrients from waterways. Research shows that wheat seedlings can quickly acquire nutrients, especially phosphorus, from algal biomass, which promotes plant growth and is gradually released over time. The nutrient uptake kinetics and growth stimulation from algae suggest further research opportunities for sustainable agriculture practices.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Zhenrui Huang, Qihua Wu, Zhenlu Chen, Gengfu Wu, Jiqin Li, Wenling Zhou, Xiaoying Pan, Xingxing Zhang, Junhua Ao, Diwen Chen
Summary: The arbitrary and inefficient selection of phosphate fertilizer source in tobacco production on purple soil with low soil phosphorus (P) availability necessitates the rational selection of phosphate fertilizer. Study evaluated the effects of different phosphate fertilizer sources on inorganic P transformation, tobacco growth, and P utilization. The results showed that CMP and DAP were more suitable phosphate fertilizer sources due to their promotion of tobacco growth and development and increased P utilization.
JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ana Paula Pereira Nunes, Cesar Ferreira Santos, Douglas Guelfi
Summary: The study aimed to characterize coated-MAP with biodegradable organic polymers, quantify the diffusion and availability of P in soil, and evaluate corn crop nutrition and yield. The results showed that the coated-MAP could improve corn yield, especially in the second crop season.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mauricio Cunha Almeida Leite, Fabiane Carvalho Ballotin, Jose Ferreira Lustosa Filho, Wedisson Oliveira Santos, Patricia Cardoso Matias, Denison Pogorzelski, Leonardus Vergutz, Edson Marcio Mattiello
Summary: Activated zinc biochar (ZnBC) and humic acid (HA) were used as coating agents to modify phosphorus (P) use efficiency. The coated treatments MAPZnBC and MAPHA showed decreased P diffusivity and increased water-soluble phosphorus recovery compared to MAP. Additionally, MAPZnBC led to increased shoot dry matter yield (SDM), while MAPHA highlighted enhanced P uptake and P use efficiency (PUE) in the fertosphere of high P-fixing soils.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yi Mei, Jinfeng Dai, Xujun Wang, Yunxiang Nie, Dedong He
Summary: In this study, a novel method using yellow phosphorus and phosphate rock slurry as absorbent is proposed for purifying H2S, which can achieve high removal efficiency and promote the production of phosphorus chemical products. The method involves H2S oxidation to SO2 and subsequent reaction with phosphate rock to form H2SO4, with the help of active substances generated in the process. High H2S removal efficiency of up to 85% can be achieved even under acidic conditions and low temperatures.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
A. Sarkar, M. Saha, J. K. Saha, M. Vassanda Coumar, A. Mandal, A. K. Patra
Summary: The research shows that increased doses of fly ash can enhance the adsorption capacity of phosphorus in the soil, which is further amplified with the application of FYM. In addition to plant nutrients, fly ash also affects soil enzymatic activities and phosphorus release kinetics.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hansa Baradwal, Avijit Ghosh, Awanish Kumar, Prashant Deo Singh, Manjanagouda Siddanagouda Sannagoudar, Safik Ahamad, Pramod Jha, Amit Kumar Singh, Ranjan Bhattacharyya, Madhab Chandra Manna, Sunil Kumar, Ram Vinod Kumar
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different land use systems in improving soil functionality in semiarid regions. By comparing carbon management index, nutrient supply capacity, and soil functionality among different systems, it was found that legume tree-based restoration tactics had a positive impact on soil functionality.
LAND DEGRADATION & DEVELOPMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Paramjit S. Minhas, Jayanta Kumar Saha, M. L. Dotaniya, Abhijit Sarkar, Madhumonti Saha
Summary: Wastewater generated from urban agglomerations in India has the potential to be a valuable resource for agriculture, but issues with wastewater treatment have led to environmental pollution and health risks. Appropriate policy initiatives are needed to address these challenges.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Avijit Ghosh, S. K. Mahanta, M. C. Manna, Sultan Singh, Ranjan Bhattacharyya, V. C. Tyagi, J. B. Singh, S. N. Ram, R. Srinivasan, A. K. Singh, Ajita Gupta, Prabhu Govindasamy, S. N. Rokde
Summary: Long-term grazing by small ruminants has significant impacts on grass and plant covers, soil enzyme activity, and nutrient cycling. Grazing reduces soil organic carbon and nutrient concentration, but low stocking rate can sustain nutrient cycling and productivity, making it suitable for semi-arid tropical regions.
JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Trisha Roy, Ashis Kumar Biswas, Abhijit Sarkar, Pramod Jha, N. K. Sharma, P. K. Mishra, Ashok Kumar Patra
Summary: Maintaining soil health and SOC restoration through residue addition serves as waste recycling and nutrient supplying technique. Proper NPS doses can accelerate humus formation, while higher nutrient doses above the stoichiometric values cause rapid efflux of added C.
JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ram Vinod Kumar, Ajoy Kumar Roy, Sunil Kumar, Kamini Gautam, Amit Kumar Singh, Avijit Ghosh, Harsh Vardhan Singh, Pushpendra Koli
Summary: In semiarid India, silvopasture systems (SPS) based on A. nilotica and M. alba have shown to improve yield sustainability, economic profitability, and environmental benefits compared to other SPS.
LAND DEGRADATION & DEVELOPMENT
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
B. B. Basak, Binoy Sarkar, Ajoy Saha, Abhijit Sarkar, Sanchita Mandal, Jayanta Kumar Biswas, Hailong Wang, Nanthi S. Bolan
Summary: The fast weathering and intensive agricultural practices in tropical areas have led to the degradation of soil fertility. Biochar has been found to be an effective soil amendment for improving crop productivity in highly weathered tropical soils. However, further development is needed to reduce the production and application costs of biochar, and policy decisions are necessary to link economic benefits with social and environmental issues.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Dinesh Kumar Yadav, Asirvatham Ramesh Kumar, Somasundaram Jayaraman, Sangeeta Lenka, Suyog Gurjar, Abhijit Sarkar, Jayanta Kumar Saha, Ashok Kumar Patra
Summary: This study found varying concentrations of PAHs in agricultural soils in central India, with fly ash-treated soils having the highest levels and organic farming soils having the lowest levels. Fly ash-treated soils and sewage-irrigated soils showed higher carcinogenic potential, posing a greater health risk to humans.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Khurshid Alam, Dipak Ranjan Biswas, Ranjan Bhattacharyya, Debarup Das, Archna Suman, Tapas Kumar Das, Ranjit Kumar Paul, Avijit Ghosh, Abhijit Sarkar, Rajesh Kumar, Gautam Chawla
Summary: This study explored cost-effective and eco-friendly strategies for native soil phosphorus (P) solubilization, including using silicon (Si)-rich agro-wastes as a Si source and phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM). The results showed that both strategies significantly increased the solubility of P in the soil, as well as the activity of soil enzymes and microbial biomass P. These findings suggest that utilizing agro-wastes as Si sources can complement expensive P fertilizers and address waste disposal issues in a sustainable manner.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Soil Science
Sourav Das, Ranjan Bhattacharyya, Namita Das Saha, Avijit Ghosh, S. A. Khan, N. Ahmed, Abir Dey, A. Bhatia, Pragati Pramanik, Soora Naresh Kumar, B. K. Agarwal, D. K. Shahi
Summary: Conversion of forest land uses to agriculture in Ranchi, India leads to a decrease in soil organic carbon (SOC) pools and affects soil aggregation and aggregate-associated carbon accumulation. The SOC concentration in native forest land is significantly higher than in rice-wheat, rice-vegetable, and maize-wheat land uses. Tillage and regular crop removal result in a loss of SOC contents in the surface layers and carbon storage within aggregates.
SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Siddhartha Sankar Biswas, D. R. Biswas, Avijit Ghosh, Abhijit Sarkar, Anshuman Das, Trisha Roy
Summary: In this study, the combined application of low-grade rock phosphates (LGRP) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) was found to significantly increase the availability of phosphorus in the soil. This approach can save commercial phosphorus fertilizers without compromising crop yields.
Article
Soil Science
Avijit Ghosh, Dipak Ranjan Biswas, Shrila Das, Tapas K. Das, Ranjan Bhattacharyya, Khurshid Alam, Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
Summary: Using rice straw and phosphorus solubilizing microbes (PSMs) treatments can improve the availability of phosphorus in tropical agricultural soils. Soil temperature and moisture have significant effects on phosphorus solubilization and mineralization processes. Changes in soil silicon concentration and pH are the main factors influencing soil phosphorus mobilization.
SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Siddhartha Sankar Biswas, Dipak Ranjan Biswas, Abhijit Sarkar, Avijit Ghosh
Summary: By supplementing conventional K fertilizer with oxalic-acid-treated waste mica, the plant available K content can be increased, soil K balance can be improved, and there will be no adverse effects on wheat and rice yields and K uptake.
JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Soil Science
Avijit Ghosh, Dipak Ranjan Biswas, Ranjan Bhattacharyya, Shrila Das, Tapas K. Das, Khajanchi Lal, Supradip Saha, Khurshid Alam, Abhijit Sarkar, Siddhartha Sankar Biswas
Summary: The management of rice straw in south Asia is a challenge. This study found that the application of rice straw and phosphorus solubilizing microbes (PSMs) can solubilize fixed phosphorus in the soil, improve the yield of wheat, and increase organic acid and enzyme activity in the rhizosphere. The recommended application rate is 12 Mg ha-1 of rice straw and PSMs plus 75% mineral phosphorus fertilizer to save 25% of phosphorus fertilizer without affecting yield.
SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Soil Science
Lin Liu, Yili Lu, Robert Horton, Tusheng Ren
Summary: A new approach is presented in this study to estimate the parameters of the soil water retention curve (SWRC). The new method accurately estimates SWRCs by using measured thermal conductivity-water content curves, soil texture, bulk density, and field capacity water content.
SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Soil Science
Zhongshan Dai, Yong Zhang, Yujie Wei, Chongfa Cai
Summary: This study investigates the effects of erosion degradation and long-term manure fertilization on soil properties and crop yield in Northeast China. Results show that erosion degradation and manure fertilization have lasting impacts on soil physical structure throughout the soil profile, while their effects on soil nutrient properties are focused in shallow layers. Manure fertilization significantly improves soil functional index (ISI) and maize yield for degraded soils. Erosion degradation has a greater influence on ISI and maize yield than manure fertilization.
SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Soil Science
Xintong Xu, Ruiyu Bi, Mengxin Song, Yubing Dong, Ying Jiao, Bingxue Wang, Zhengqin Xiong
Summary: The substitution of organic fertilizers for inorganic fertilizers has a significant impact on soil organic carbon (SOC) and can help combat soil degradation and climate change in intensive vegetable production.
SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Soil Science
Moritz Koza, Roger Funk, Julia Poehlitz, Christopher Conrad, Olga Shibistova, Tobias Meinel, Kanat Akshalov, Gerd Schmidt
Summary: Semi-arid regions in Central Asia are experiencing wind erosion due to steppe conversion and unsustainable farming practices. A study conducted in Kazakhstan used a mobile wind tunnel to assess soil erodibility under real conditions. The results showed significant differences in soil erosion based on initial conditions and mechanical stress, emphasizing the importance of proper soil management to prevent severe events.
SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Soil Science
Tong Li, Guorui Li, Zhiqiang Lu, Deqiang Zhao, Yuze Li, Ziting Wang, Xiaoxia Wen, Yuncheng Liao
Summary: Conservation agriculture with three management principles is effective in mitigating soil erosion and nutrient loss. This study found that no tillage significantly increased soil extracellular enzyme activities, while legume incorporation only had a significant effect on phosphorus-acquiring enzymes. Crop diversity positively influenced the no tillage-induced increase in enzyme activities.
SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Soil Science
Zahra Khasi, Mohammad Sadegh Askari, Setareh Amanifar, Kamran Moravej
Summary: This research aims to evaluate the applicability of visual soil evaluation methods for agricultural systems in semi-arid regions and assess the relationship between soil physical quality and crop yield. The results indicate that visual evaluation methods can effectively assess soil conditions, and optimal soil structural quality is crucial for sustainable crop production.
SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Soil Science
Amin Jannatul Ferdous, Xiaolin Wang, Katie Lewis, John Zak
Summary: Conservative agricultural management strategies can enhance crop productivity by altering soil microbiome, and incorporating legumes into cover crops in semi-arid regions can improve the dynamics of rhizobial communities. There is a strong underlying relationship between soil management and bacterial diversity in the soil.
SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Soil Science
Haiman Wang, Wankui Ni, Haisong Liu, Kangze Yuan
Summary: This study investigates the structural strength of the Loess-Paleosol Sequence (LPS) and finds that the strength tends to increase with burial depth, with the loess layer weaker than the paleosol layer. The microstructure of the LPS also undergoes significant transformations with increased burial depth, transitioning from an overhead structure to a matrix structure. These findings highlight the importance of climate conditions on the structural strength of the LPS.
SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Soil Science
Ranabir Chakraborty, V. K. Sharma, Debarup Das, D. R. Biswas, P. Mahapatra, D. K. Shahi, M. Barman, K. A. Chobhe, D. Chakraborty
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of long-term nutrient management practices on P fractions and P adsorption-desorption behaviour of an acid soil with a soybean-wheat cropping system. The findings revealed that amorphous Fe and Al, which play a significant role in P fixation, increased due to cultivation. The NPK+Lime treatment offered the most balanced approach, improving both crop yield and P uptake while effectively managing P dynamics in the soil. On the contrary, long-term application of NPK+FYM in an acid soil may result in faster P saturation of adsorption sites and increase the chances of leaching and eutrophication. Tailored P fertilization strategies should be developed to better utilize the PFe and PAl fractions and supplementing applied P.
SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Soil Science
Yuan Li, Ying Li, Qingping Zhang, Gang Xu, Guopeng Liang, Dong-Gill Kim, Carmen Rosa Carmona, Mei Yang, Jianming Xue, Yangzhou Xiang, Bin Yao, Yuying Shen
Summary: Agricultural intensification has led to severe degradation of croplands in China. Converting degraded croplands to grasslands can increase soil organic carbon and nitrogen content, but may decrease soil pH and available phosphorus. The duration of conversion and mean annual precipitation are major factors influencing soil changes.
SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Soil Science
Xinliang Wu, Sixu Yao, Jinxing Zhou
Summary: The coupling effect of slaking and mechanical breakdown on aggregate stability was evaluated using a new method. This method can partition the unique and shared effects of these two breakdown mechanisms and showed better performance in predicting soil erosion compared to existing methods.
SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Soil Science
Xinni Ju, Lei Gao, Dongli She, Yuhua Jia, Zhe Pang, Yaji Wang
Summary: This study linked soil pore structures quantified by X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning and infiltration processes traced using stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes under different land uses in the red soil region of southern China. The results showed that soil pore characteristics mainly affected soil water transport, while other soil properties played more important roles in soil water retention. CT-based porosity and soil texture were considered crucial indicators in the evaluation of water exchange during infiltration processes.
SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Soil Science
Hongwei Xu, Qing Qu, Jiaping Yang, Zhen Wang, Minggang Wang, Rentao Liu, Sha Xue
Summary: This study systematically analyzed the effects of drought on terrestrial ecosystem C-N-P stoichiometry on a global scale. The results showed that drought significantly decreased the C:N ratio in soil, enzymes, shoots, and roots. Soil microbes were limited by N, whereas plants were restricted by P under drought stress. Drought intensity and duration were negatively correlated with shoot N:P and vector angle.
SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Soil Science
Sara L. Bauke, Sabine J. Seidel, Miriam Athmann, Anne E. Berns, Melanie Braun, Martina I. Gocke, Julien Guigue, Timo Kautz, Ingrid Koegel-Knabner, Juliette Ohan, Matthias Rillig, Michael Schloter, Oliver Schmittmann, Stefanie Schulz, David Uhlig, Andrea Schnepf, Wulf Amelung
Summary: Agricultural production in Central Europe is increasingly affected by extreme drought events. This study found that incorporating organic matter, especially biowaste compost, into the subsoil significantly increased root growth and subsequently improved crop nutrient uptake, biomass, and grain yield. The incorporation of green waste compost had less pronounced effects.
SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Soil Science
Xi Chen, Xuesong Wang
Summary: Based on the application of the integrated wind erosion modeling system, this study comprehensively simulated the loss and conservation of nutrients during aeolian dust emissions in the arid and semiarid areas of China. The results showed a decreasing trend in nutrient losses over the past two decades, with the ecosystems playing a crucial role in preventing these losses. The prevention rates of different land cover types were generally high, indicating the effectiveness of conservation measures.
SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
(2024)
