Journal
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Volume 612, Issue -, Pages 1171-1176Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.274
Keywords
Lanthanide oxides; Hazard; Bioavailability; Crustaceans; Duckweeds; Bioaccumulation
Categories
Funding
- Estonian Research Council [IUT23-5, ETF9347, PUT748]
- European COST Action: Network on Technology-Critical Elements (NOTICE) [TD1407]
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The risk of environmental pollution with rare earth oxides rises in line with increasing application of these compounds in different sectors. However, data on potential environmental hazard of lanthanides is scarce and concerns mostly Ce and Gd. In this work, the aquatic toxicity of eight doped lanthanide-based ceramic oxides (Ce0.9Gd0.1O2, LaFeO3, Gd0.97CoO3, LaCoO3, (La0.5Sr0.5)(0.99)MnO3, Ce0.8Pr0.2O2, (La0.6Sr0.4)(0.95)CoO3, LaNiO4) and one non-doped oxide (CeO2) with primary size from 23 to 590 nm were evaluated in four short-term laboratory assays with freshwater crustaceans and duckweeds. Results showed no acute toxicity (EC50 > 100 mg/L) or very low acute toxicity for most studied oxides. Observed toxicity was probably due to bioavailable fraction of dopant metals (Ni and Co) but in the case of aquatic plants, decrease of nutrient availability (complexing of phosphorus by lanthanides) was also presumed. Studied oxides/metals accumulated in the aquatic plant tissue and in the gut of crustaceans and thus may be further transferred via the aquatic food chain. Accumulation of metals in the duckweed Lemna minor may be recommended as a cost-effective screening bioassay for assessment of potential hazard of poorly soluble oxides to aquatic ecosystems. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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