Journal
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Volume 640, Issue -, Pages 1157-1164Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.367
Keywords
UV filter; Indoor dust; Urine; Source; Exposure; Estimated daily intake
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21277092]
- National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2014CB943300]
- Medicine Si Engineering Collaborative Research Fund of Shanghai Jiao Tong University [YG2017MS84]
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Organic ultraviolet (UV) filters are emerging contaminants that may pose health risks to humans. We measured the concentrations of four commonly used organic UV filters (2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BP-3), 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC), homosalate (HMS), and octocrylene (OC)) in 203 indoor dust samples and 98 human urine samples from households in eastern China. The total concentrations of the four organic UV filters ranged from 66.6-56,123.0 ng g(-1) in indoor dust and 1.17-52.15 mu g g(-1) (creatinine-adjusted concentration (Cr)) in urine. BP-3 was the most abundant organic UV filter in the urine samples (median concentration: 1.89 mu g g(-1) Cr), while OC was the most abundant in the indoor dust samples (median concentration: 325.7 ng g(-1)). No significant correlations were found between organic UV filter concentrations in paired urine and dust samples, but the concentrations of UV filters in the indoor dust samples were positively correlated with family income and sunscreen use. The sources of the organic UV filters in the indoor dust samples differed based on the geographical location of the tested household. The fraction of human exposure to organic UV filters that resulted from ingestion or dermal absorption of indoor dust was close to 8%. (c) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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