Article
Psychiatry
Iris E. Sommer, Janna N. . de Boer
Summary: The aim of this article is to find accurate and valid markers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring in patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. The authors explore the fields of computational linguistics and artificial intelligence, as automatic analysis of spoken language may provide useful markers for psychiatry. They intend to collaborate with language teams worldwide to advance this field and develop tools for self-monitoring by service users and assisting clinicians in diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and risk prediction.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Liliana Laskaris, Sam Mancuso, Cynthia Shannon Weickert, Andrew Zalesky, Gursharan Chana, Cassandra Wannan, Chad Bousman, Bernhard T. Baune, Patrick McGorry, Christos Pantelis, Vanessa L. Cropley
Summary: The study found differential relationships between peripheral inflammatory markers and select brain regions in first-episode psychosis (FEP) and healthy controls, although no relationships were detected in chronic schizophrenia. Specifically, frontal thickness was positively associated with certain cytokine levels in the healthy control group, while pro-inflammatory cytokines were associated with lower total cortical volume in the FEP group. Longitudinal investigations are needed to determine how the relationship between brain structure and peripheral inflammation may change over time.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Review
Psychiatry
Lara Wieland, Sophie Fromm, Stefan Hetzer, Florian Schlagenhauf, Jakob Kaminski
Summary: The study found a significant elevation of contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in the substantia nigra in patients with schizophrenia, supporting neuromelanin as a potential biomarker for dopaminergic dysfunction. Further research is needed to evaluate this candidate marker in large, longitudinal cohorts and take into account potential effects of disease state, medication, and symptoms.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Irfan Ullah, Hashir Ali Awan, Alifiya Aamir, Mufaddal Najmuddin Diwan, Renato de Filippis, Sana Awan, Muhammad Irfan, Michele Fornaro, Antonio Ventriglio, Federica Vellante, Mauro Pettorruso, Giovanni Martinotti, Massimo Di Giannantonio, Domenico De Berardis
Summary: Schizophrenia is a major psychotic disorder affecting nearly 23.6 million people globally. Multiple risk factors, including genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors, have been identified, with inflammation playing a significant role in the development of schizophrenia.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Attila Szabo, Kevin S. O'Connell, Thor Ueland, Mashhood A. Sheikh, Ingrid Agartz, Dimitrios Andreou, Pal Aukrust, Birgitte Boye, Erlend Boen, Ole Kristian Drange, Torbjorn Elvsashagen, John Abel Engh, Sigrun Hope, Margrethe Collier Hoegh, Inge Joa, Erik Johnsen, Rune Andreas Kroken, Trine Vik Lagerberg, Tove Lekva, Ulrik Fredrik Malt, Ingrid Melle, Gunnar Morken, Terje Naerland, Vidar Martin Steen, Kjetil Sorensen, Kirsten Wedervang-Resell, Melissa Auten Weibell, Lars T. Westlye, Nils Eiel Steen, Ole Andreassen, Srdjan Djurovic
Summary: Patients with severe mental illnesses often have dysregulated immune responses, and dyslipidemia linked to systemic inflammasome activation plays a crucial role, yet specific immune mechanisms remain unknown in these disorders.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Review
Psychiatry
Melisa Kose, Carmine M. Pariante, Paola Dazzan, Valeria Mondelli
Summary: Research suggests that inflammatory markers like CRP, IL-6, and IL-10 are associated with clinical outcomes in psychosis, with high levels of CRP and IL-6 linked to worse outcomes and increased IL-10 levels associated with symptom improvement. Additionally, peripheral inflammation is related to neuroimaging markers such as hippocampal volume and cortical thickness in patients with psychosis.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Andrew J. Watson, Annalisa Giordano, John Suckling, Thomas R. E. Barnes, Nusrat Husain, Peter B. Jones, Carl R. Krynicki, Stephen M. Lawrie, Shon Lewis, Naghmeh Nikkheslat, Carmine M. Pariante, Rachel Upthegrove, Bill Deakin, Paola Dazzan, Eileen M. Joyce
Summary: This study identified cognitive subtypes based on IQ in patients with early-phase schizophrenia-spectrum disorder. The compromised IQ subtype was associated with smaller brain volume and higher levels of low-grade inflammation markers. This adds validity to the existence of a neurodevelopmental subtype of schizophrenia.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Seon-Hwa Baek, Honey Kim, Ju-Wan Kim, Seunghyong Ryu, Ju-Yeon Lee, Jae-Min Kim, Il-Seon Shin, Sung-Wan Kim
Summary: This study found that inflammatory cytokines are related to cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia. Specific cytokine levels were positively or negatively correlated with performance on different cognitive tests.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Antonella Trotta, Louise Arseneault, Andrea Danese, Valeria Mondelli, Line J. H. Rasmussen, Helen L. Fisher
Summary: The study found that young people reporting psychotic experiences and childhood victimization were more likely to have elevated levels of suPAR, CRP, and IL-6 at age 18. However, this association was weakened when adjusting for other risk factors for elevated inflammation. In contrast, individuals reporting psychotic experiences without childhood victimization or childhood victimization without psychotic experiences did not show significant associations with inflammatory markers at age 18.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Heiner Stuke
Summary: Recent clinical studies have found that muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonists effectively alleviate schizophrenia symptoms, indicating the potential establishment of procholinergic antipsychotics as a second class of drugs alongside the usual antidopaminergic antipsychotics. Basic science studies also suggest that muscarinic acetylcholine receptor hypofunction may play a role in a subgroup of schizophrenia, offering an opportunity for personalized treatment if markers predictive of response to procholinergic vs. antidopaminergic interventions can be identified. Possible in vivo markers of muscarinic deficit and response to procholinergic therapeutics such as non-response to antidopaminergic antipsychotics, specific symptom patterns, presence of antimuscarinic antibodies, ERP markers, and radiotracers are presented. Open questions and further research steps are also discussed.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Beata Galinska-Skok, Napoleon Waszkiewicz
Summary: This narrative review discusses the biomarkers of psychosis, focusing on endophenotype markers and the multimodal approach in clinical settings. It also highlights potential biomarkers that need further accuracy tests.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Jennifer K. Melbourne, Cherise Rosen, Kayla A. Chase, Benjamin Feiner, Rajiv P. Sharma
Summary: The study found an overall enrichment of M1-like and M2-like monocyte signatures in participants with chronic schizophrenia, with the interferon response being most strongly enriched in this group compared to non-psychiatric controls. There was a shift in monocyte phenotype based on illness duration, with decreased enrichment of M1-like interferon-gamma signature and increased enrichment of opposing M2-like signatures in participants with medium illness duration transitioning to a strong enrichment of interferon response signatures in participants with long illness duration.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Emanuele F. Osimo, Benjamin I. Perry, Rudolf N. Cardinal, Mary-Ellen Lynall, Jonathan Lewis, Arti Kudchadkar, Graham K. Murray, Jesus Perez, Peter B. Jones, Golam M. Khandaker
Summary: Approximately one third of patients presenting with a first episode of psychosis require long-term support, with triglyceride levels and several blood cell counts at baseline potentially serving as useful markers for predicting long-term prognosis in clinical settings. These findings will need further validation.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
T. Dixon, K. S. Cadenhead
Summary: In early psychosis patients, using cannabidiol as adjunctive therapy may be beneficial in improving symptoms and neurocognition, while also having good tolerability. The goal of this study is to explore the effectiveness and mechanism of action of CBD, as well as predictors of treatment response.
Review
Psychiatry
Alex J. Murray, Jack C. Rogers, Mohammad Zia Ul Haq Katshu, Peter F. Liddle, Rachel Upthegrove
Summary: Schizophrenia is associated with increased oxidative stress, potentially leading to a worsening of symptoms and poor outcomes. Targeting oxidative stress may be a promising approach for future pharmacotherapy in schizophrenia.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Graham Blackman, Kieron Kumar, John G. Hanrahan, Anthony Dalrymple, Nandini Mullatti, Nick Moran, Antonio Valentin, Lucy Gibson, Thomas A. Pollak, Anthony S. David
Summary: In this study, the authors explored whether quantitative EEG could predict outcomes in patients with suspected anti-NMDAR encephalitis. The results showed that patients with higher peak frequency in the delta range had poorer clinical outcomes, indicating anti-NMDAR-mediated synaptic dysfunction. Quantitative EEG may have clinical utility in predicting outcomes in patients with suspected NMDAR antibody encephalitis, but replication in a larger scale is needed.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Chi-Kang Chang, Edward Chesney, Wei-Nung Teng, Sam Hollandt, Megan Pritchard, Hitesh Shetty, Robert Stewart, Philip McGuire, Rashmi Patel
Summary: This study investigates whether the mortality rate in people with serious mental illness (SMI) has changed over the last decade. The results show that, compared to the general population, individuals with SMI still have a significantly shorter life expectancy, although there appears to be some improvement. Additionally, the study finds that cancer-related mortality accounts for a similar proportion of deaths as cardiovascular disease in the 2013-2017 cohorts.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Arsime Demjaha, Silvana Galderisi, Birthe Glenthoj, Celso Arango, Armida Mucci, Andrew Lawrence, Owen O'Daly, Matthew Kempton, Simone Ciufolini, Lone Baandrup, Bjorn H. Ebdrup, Roberto Rodriguez-Jimenez, Maria Diaz-Marsa, Covadonga Martinez Diaz-Caneja, Inge Winter van Rossum, Rene Kahn, Paola Dazzan, Philip McGuire
Summary: This study found that the orbitofrontal and temporal cortices play an important role in the pathogenesis of negative symptoms in schizophrenia. These findings were evident in generally untreated FEP patients and are unlikely to be related to effects of previous treatment or illness chronicity.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Ana Catalan, Claudia Aymerich, Amaia Bilbao, Borja Pedruzo, Jose Luis Perez, Nerea Aranguren, Gonzalo Salazar de Pablo, Emily Hedges, Patxi Gil, Rafael Segarra, Ana Gonzalez-Pinto, Aranzazu Fernandez-Rivas, Lucia Inchausti, Philip McGuire, Paolo Fusar-Poli, Miguel Angel Gonzalez-Torres
Summary: COVID-19-related mortality and hospitalization rates were higher for patients with pre-existing psychotic disorders, while patients with affective disorders had lower rates.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Jenny Yiend, Charlene L. M. Lam, Nora Schmidt, Bryony Crane, Margaret Heslin, Thomas Kabir, Philip McGuire, Christopher Meek, Elias Mouchlianitis, Emmanuelle Peters, Daniel Stahl, Antonella Trotta, Sukhwinder Shergill
Summary: This study investigated the feasibility and efficacy of Cognitive Bias Modification for paranoia (CBM-pa) in patients with paranoia. The results showed that CBM-pa was effective in reducing interpretation bias, improving paranoia symptoms, and reducing levels of depressed and anxious mood. The study provides a foundation for conducting a fully powered randomized controlled trial.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Ben J. Sutlieff, Jayne L. Birkby, Jordan M. Stone, David S. Doelman, Matthew A. Kenworthy, Vatsal Panwar, Alexander J. Bohn, Steve Ertel, Frans Snik, Charles E. Woodward, Andrew J. Skemer, Jarron M. Leisenring, Klaus G. Strassmeier, David Charbonneau
Summary: A novel approach combining high-cadence differential spectrophotometric monitoring with the dgvAPP360 coronagraph is used to make ground-based light curves of directly imaged companions. The precision of ground-based high-contrast imaging light curves is significantly improved, reaching a level suitable for mapping storms or finding exomoons around giant exoplanets.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Amanda Kiemes, Maria Elisa Serrano Navacerrada, Eugene Kim, Karen Randall, Camilla Simmons, Loreto Rojo Gonzalez, Marija-Magdalena Petrinovic, David J. Lythgoe, Diana Rotaru, Davide Di Censo, Lydiane Hirschler, Emmanuel L. Barbier, Anthony C. Vernon, James M. Stone, Cathy Davies, Diana Cash, Gemma Modinos
Summary: This study found that specific disruption of cortical inhibitory interneurons in mice can reproduce some of the neuroimaging findings in patients with psychosis, linking inhibitory interneuron deficits to non-invasive measures of brain function and neurochemistry that can be used across species.
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Subash Raj Susai, Melanie Foecking, David Mongan, Meike Heurich, Fiona Coutts, Alice Egerton, Tony Whetton, Inge Winter-van Rossum, Richard D. Unwin, Thomas A. Pollak, Mark Weiser, Marion Leboyer, Dan Rujescu, Jonah F. Byrne, George W. Gifford, Paola Dazzan, Nikolaos Koutsouleris, Rene S. Kahn, David R. Cotter, Philip McGuire
Summary: The levels of plasma complement and coagulation pathway proteins may be related to the response to antipsychotic treatment. Higher levels of several complement and coagulation pathway proteins are associated with a reduction in psychotic symptoms and an improvement in functioning.
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Sameer Jauhar, Robert A. McCutcheon, Mattia Veronese, Faith Borgan, Matthew Nour, Maria Rogdaki, Fiona Pepper, James M. Stone, Alice Egerton, George Vamvakas, Federico Turkheimer, Philip K. McGuire, Oliver D. Howes
Summary: The study aimed to measure the effect of antipsychotics on dopamine synthesis and glutamate concentrations in individuals with psychosis. The results showed that antipsychotic treatment did not significantly affect glutamate concentrations or dopamine synthesis capacity, but did alter the relationship between glutamate and dopamine.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Duncan C. Humphries, Richard A. O'Connor, Hazel L. Stewart, Tom M. Quinn, Erin E. Gaughan, Beth Mills, Gareth O. S. Williams, James M. Stone, Keith Finlayson, Martine Chabaud-Riou, Florence Boudet, Kevin Dhaliwal, Vincent Pavot
Summary: This study developed a novel method combining ex vivo lung ventilation and fibre-based optical endomicroscopy to detect in situ lymphocyte tissue residency markers in human lungs. This method has significant implications for both research and clinical applications.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Psychiatry
Viktoriya Nikolova, Anthony Cleare, Allan Young, James Stone
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Simone Farrelly, Emmanuelle Peters, Matilda Azis, Anthony S. David, Elaine C. M. Hunter
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of a six-session therapy protocol adapted from a Cognitive-Behavioural model of Depersonalisation-Derealisation Disorder (DDD) in individuals with psychotic symptoms. The results suggest that the intervention was feasible and acceptable to participants, with some indication of its effectiveness on clinical outcomes.
JOURNAL OF BEHAVIOR THERAPY AND EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Elaine C. M. Hunter, Cheuk Lon Malcolm Wong, Rafael Gafoor, Glyn Lewis, Anthony S. David
Summary: This article reports on a clinical audit of 36 participants with chronic DDD who completed Cognitive Behavioural Therapy adapted for DDD. The results showed improvement in all scores during the treatment period, suggesting that CBT may be an effective treatment for DDD. However, more research is needed to assess its efficacy.
COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY
(2023)
Letter
Multidisciplinary Sciences
James Stone
Article
Psychiatry
Javier-David Lopez-Morinigo, Adela Sanchez-Escribano Martinez, Maria Luisa Barrigon, Paula-Jhoana Escobedo-Aedo, Veronica Gonzalez Ruiz-Ruano, Sergio Sanchez-Alonso, Laura Mata-Iturralde, Laura Munoz-Lorenzo, Daniel Cuadras, Susana Ochoa, Enrique Baca-Garcia, Anthony S. David
Summary: This study aimed to test whether metacognitive training (MCT) can improve insight and outcomes in outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). The results showed that participants receiving MCT showed improvements in cognition, mood, and identification at the 1-year follow-up.