Valorization of harmful algae E. compressa for biodiesel production in presence of chicken waste derived catalyst

The main objective of this investigation is to compare catalytic activity of three different catalysts derived from chicken waste. The prepared catalysts were characterized by DTG, SEM, BET, XRD, and FT-IR. The effect of catalysts (chicken manure, chicken bone, and egg shell) on biodiesel yield (from E. compressa algal oil) were evaluated by varying calcination temperature, reaction temperature, molar ratio, catalyst amount, mixing speed, reaction time, and water content in methanol. The maximum biodiesel yield was obtained for egg shell catalyst-95% while for chicken bone catalyst -94% and chicken manure catalyst -85% at 9:1 M, 5% (w/w) of catalyst amount, 65 degrees C, 2% water content, and 400 rpm for 3 h. The chicken bone catalyst is highly active in reaction but in presence of water content (max. 2%) in methanol egg shell shows higher biodiesel yield performance. The recovered catalyst can be used maximum three times with a slight deviation. The quality of biodiesel merged with standards value. The conversion of waste raw materials into valuable resources make this method a cost-effective and reveals a recyclable procedure for the production of biodiesel. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.