Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Paula Sweeney
Summary: There is a growing claim that we should grant rights to social robots and protect them from harm due to our tendency to emotionally attach to them. However, there is little evidence to support this claim and introducing legislation in this area may restrict progress in social care.
MINDS AND MACHINES
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Evan Mayo-Wilson, Riaz Qureshi, Hwanhee Hong, Xiwei Chen, Tianjing Li
Summary: This study reanalyzed individual participant data from six randomized trials of gabapentin for neuropathic pain and found important harms that were not previously reported. Aggregating related harms led to greater confidence in gabapentin's potential harm to nervous system and other body systems. Nervous system harms were more common than previous reports suggested.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jun Ishigohoka, Miriam Liedvogel
Summary: The study unveiled that a massive chromosomal inversion is responsible for the polymorphism in common quail, shedding light on how local phenotypic variation is maintained in highly mobile organisms, such as birds.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Camille Delecourt, Claire Tourette, Patrice Crochet, Audrey Pivano, Ilyes Hamouda, Aubert Agostini
Summary: This study compared the AirSeal insufflation system with the standard insufflation system in terms of postoperative abdominal pain after laparoscopic hysterectomy. The results showed that the use of the AirSeal system with low-pressure pneumoperitoneum did not reduce postoperative abdominal and scapular pain in benign cases.
JOURNAL OF MINIMALLY INVASIVE GYNECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Soil Science
Michelle Eckert, Rene Gaigher, James S. Pryke, Charlene Janion-Scheepers, Michael J. Samways
Summary: Landscape transformation for agriculture threatens biodiversity. A study in South Africa found that large-scale timber plantations showed similar levels of biodiversity as natural vegetation for ants and springtails. The high diversity in plantations may be due to environmental variation among sites. Plantations and natural areas supported complementary assemblages.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Leona Polyanskaya
Summary: Metacognition, the ability to monitor one's cognitive performance and decisions, is often studied using retrospective confidence ratings. Experimental research asks participants to report their level of certainty in their responses or their performance in cognitive tasks. These ratings are used to assess monitoring effectiveness. This article discusses the underlying assumptions and methodological considerations that can affect the interpretation of results. It concludes that mixing trials that evaluate decision confidence with positive evidence with trials that evaluate the absence of positive evidence should be avoided when using retrospective confidence ratings.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ethics
John C. Messinger, Daniel J. Ikeda, Ameet Sarpatwari
Summary: While civil commitment may provide short-term protection from opioid overdose, it could lead to long-term harms such as severe withdrawal, relapse, and heightened mortality risk. To mitigate these harms, states should collect more comprehensive data, decriminalize proceedings, provide medication for opioid use disorder, and strengthen post-release coordination of community-based treatment.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Nour Kheirbek, Victoire Delporte, Houssein El Hajj, Claire Martin, Sophie Delplanque, Yohan Kerbage, Chrystele Rubod, Michel Cosson, Geraldine Giraudet
Summary: This study compared the outcomes of conventional laparoscopic hysterectomies (LHs) with vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) hysterectomies for patients with large uteri. The results showed that vNOTES hysterectomy was associated with shorter operative time, shorter hospital stay, and better performance in the ambulatory setting, with lower rates of bleeding and complications.
JOURNAL OF MINIMALLY INVASIVE GYNECOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Anwar R. Padhani, Masoom A. Haider, Olivier Rouviere
Summary: Before a prostate biopsy, balancing the benefits and harms of MRI results is important, as well as considering patients' preferences and tolerance. Decision curve analysis shows that combining clinical risk factors with MRI findings optimizes biopsy outcomes across a range of clinically relevant risk thresholds.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiaodong Yu, Shize Sun, Xirong Cheng, Yize Lin, Huan Li
Summary: Existing studies have shown that nonfamily CEOs are more likely to be fired from family firms, but our study focuses on why family CEOs are also fired from family firms. We analyze data from 455 listed Chinese family firms and find that family CEOs with affinity ties are more likely to be dismissed because they are not genetically related to the family. This difference is more significant when firm performance is poor or family ownership is high. These findings illustrate that business-owning families are not a homogenous group, and family members with different family identities are treated differently within the family. Additionally, while existing studies have highlighted the impact of preserving socioemotional wealth on firm operations, this study further suggests that the preservation of socioemotional wealth can also affect the business-owning families themselves.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Fabrizio Schifano, Valeria Catalani, Sophia Sharif, Flavia Napoletano, John Martin Corkery, Davide Arillotta, Suzanne Fergus, Alessandro Vento, Amira Guirguis
Summary: This paper provides an overview on the prevalence, benefits, and potential harms of using "smart drugs" (also known as cognitive enhancers) in healthy individuals. It highlights the uncertainty of their efficacy in non-impaired brains and the potential complications they may cause. The use of cognitive enhancers can lead to short- and long-term cognitive decline, decreased plastic learning potential, and addictive behavior. The non-medical use of these drugs raises serious ethical and legal concerns, and it has the potential to become a major public health issue.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hayoung Jang, Byongug Jeong, Peilin Zhou, Seungman Ha, Dong Nam
Summary: This study examined the relationship between LNG and environmental impacts in shipping activities and introduced a parametric trend lifecycle assessment method. Results showed that different types of LNG engines have varying environmental strengths and limitations, with the first engine type proving more effective compared to diesel fuel. Additionally, it was found that the operational phase contributes significantly more to global warming effects and local pollutants compared to the production phase.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Hui Li, Yao Chen, Zhe Lu, Faming Wang, Hans Lambers, Jingfan Zhang, Guoming Qin, Jinge Zhou, Jingtao Wu, Lulu Zhang, Poonam Thapa, Xiankai Lu, Jiangming Mo
Summary: The availability of soil nitrogen and phosphorus has a significant impact on the stability of soil organic carbon. This study examined how different fractions of soil organic carbon and the soil microbial communities in a tropical forest are affected by soil nitrogen and phosphorus availability. The results showed that phosphorus addition increased soil microbial activities and promoted the decomposition of recalcitrant soil organic carbon, while nitrogen addition increased the abundance of active soil organic carbon.
ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Angela H. E. M. Maas
Summary: The menopause transition marks an important phase in a woman's life where cardiovascular risk gradually turns adverse. Despite negative views on menopausal hormone therapy in recent decades, its value in treating disabling vasomotor symptoms remains undisputed. Cardiovascular risk assessment has become a matter of precision medicine, which is helpful for safe prescription of menopausal hormone therapy.
BEST PRACTICE & RESEARCH CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Harry Graff Kimball, Francesca Fernandez, Kathleen Anne Moskowitz, Minji Kang, Lindsay M. Alexander, Kevin P. Conway, Kathleen Ries Merikangas, Giovanni Abrahao Salum, Michael Peter Milham
Summary: This study examined parental perceptions and concerns about internet use among adolescent offspring. Parents believed that the internet could bring families closer, but they also expressed concerns about potential internet addiction in their children. Problematic internet use among youths was correlated with negative parenting styles and parent internet use.
