Journal
PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE
Volume 80, Issue 6, Pages 573-580Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000000599
Keywords
central sensitization; diagnostic accuracy; fibromyalgia; pain threshold; temporal summation of pain; test-retest reliability
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Funding
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness
- FEDER [PSI2015-69235-P]
- Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport [FPU2013-03630, FPU2014-02808]
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Objective This study examined the diagnostic accuracy and test-retest reliability of a novel dynamic evoked pain protocol (slowly repeated evoked pain [SREP]) compared with temporal summation of pain (TSP), a standard index of central sensitization. Methods Thirty-five fibromyalgia (FM) patients and 30 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients completed, in pseudorandomized order, a standard mechanical TSP protocol (10 stimuli of 1-second duration at the thenar eminence using a 300-g monofilament with 1 second interstimulus interval) and the SREP protocol (9 suprathreshold pressure stimuli of 5-second duration applied to the fingernail with a 30-second interstimulus interval). To evaluate reliability for both protocols, they were repeated in a second session 4-7 days later. Results Evidence for significant pain sensitization over trials (increasing pain intensity ratings) was observed for SREP in FM (p < .001) but not in RA (p = .35), whereas significant sensitization was observed in both diagnostic groups for the TSP protocol (p < .008). Compared with TSP, SREP demonstrated higher overall diagnostic accuracy (87.7% versus 64.6%), greater sensitivity (0.89 versus 0.57), and greater specificity (0.87 versus 0.73) in discriminating between FM and RA patients. Test-retest reliability of SREP sensitization was good in FM (intraclass correlations = 0.80), and moderate in RA (intraclass correlations = 0.68). Conclusions SREP seems to be a dynamic evoked pain index tapping into pain sensitization that allows for greater diagnostic accuracy in identifying FM patients compared with a standard TSP protocol. Further research is needed to study mechanisms underlying SREP and the potential utility of adding SREP to standard pain evaluation protocols.
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