Journal
PROTOPLASMA
Volume 255, Issue 5, Pages 1443-1459Publisher
SPRINGER WIEN
DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1246-9
Keywords
Nodulation; Symbiosis; Symbiosomes; Ethylene; Sanctions; Programmed cell death
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Funding
- Russian Science Foundation [16-16-10035]
- Russian Science Foundation [16-16-10035] Funding Source: Russian Science Foundation
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Plant symbiotic mutants are useful tool to uncover the molecular-genetic mechanisms of nodule senescence. The pea (Pisum sativum L.) mutants SGEFix (-)-1 (sym40), SGEFix (-)-3 (sym26), and SGEFix (-)-7 (sym27) display an early nodule senescence phenotype, whereas the mutant SGEFix (-)-2 (sym33) does not show premature degradation of symbiotic structures, but its nodules show an enhanced immune response. The nodules of these mutants were compared with each other and with those of the wildtype SGE line using seven marker genes that are known to be activated during nodule senescence. In wild-type SGE nodules, transcript levels of all of the senescence-associated genes were highest at 6 weeks after inoculation (WAI). The senescence-associated genes showed higher transcript abundance in mutant nodules than in wild-type nodules at 2 WAI and attained maximum levels in the mutant nodules at 4 WAI. Immunolocalization analyses showed that the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane- 1 -carboxylate accumulated earlier in the mutant nodules than in wild-type nodules. Together, these results showed that nodule senescence was activated in ineffective nodules blocked at different developmental stages in pea lines that harbor mutations in four symbiotic genes.
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