Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nina Vanessa Kraguljac, Thomas Anthony, Charity Johanna Morgan, Ripu Daman Jindal, Mark Steven Burger, Adrienne Carol Lahti
Summary: The study revealed that longer duration of untreated psychosis is associated with adverse clinical outcomes, and white matter integrity may mediate this relationship. This highlights the importance of early intervention efforts to improve treatment outcomes in psychosis spectrum disorders.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Karen Tangmose, Egill Rostrup, Kirsten B. Bojesen, Anne Sigvard, Kasper Jessen, Louise Baruel Johansen, Birte Y. Glenthoj, Mette Odegaard Nielsen
Summary: This study found abnormal outcome evaluation in patients with first-episode psychosis and a possible link with thalamic glutamate levels.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Mingjun Kong, Tian Chen, Shuzhan Gao, Sulin Ni, Yidan Ming, Xintong Chai, Chenxi Ling, Xijia Xu
Summary: This study compared the intrinsic network organization of the default-mode network (DMN) between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls, and found functional disconnections in certain brain regions of schizophrenia patients. The study also explored the relationships between these disconnections and clinical characteristics, and identified significant correlations. The results emphasize the vital role of DMN in the neuropathological mechanisms underlying schizophrenia.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Bo Tao, Yuan Xiao, Bin Li, Wei Yu, Fei Zhu, Ziyang Gao, Hengyi Cao, Qiyong Gong, Shi Gu, Changjian Qiu, Su Lui
Summary: This study found significant structural abnormalities of the corpus callosum (CC) and dysregulated interhemispheric functional connectivity (FC) in schizophrenia. The patients showed reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) values of the CC subregions and dysregulated connectivity between two cerebral hemispheres. There were strong correlations between FA values of the CC subregions and interhemispheric FC in patients.
ASIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Xin Gao, Li Yao, Fei Li, Chengmin Yang, Fei Zhu, Qiyong Gong, Su Lui
Summary: In first-episode antipsychotic-naive schizophrenia patients, widespread cortical local gyrification index (LGI) alterations were found, and specific risk genes associated with LGI deficits were identified. Lower LGI values were observed in frontotemporal and limbic regions. These findings may contribute to understanding the neurobiological basis of cortical impairments in early-stage schizophrenia.
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Athina C. Tsili, Loukas Astrakas, Nikolaos Sofikitis, Maria I. Argyropoulou
Summary: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy provides information on testicular metabolism and pathological changes. It has been used in conjunction with scrotal MRI to gain insights into the biochemical environment of normal and abnormal testes.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Beisheng Yang, Wenjing Zhang, Rebekka Lencer, Bo Tao, Biqiu Tang, Jing Yang, Siyi Li, Jiaxin Zeng, Hengyi Cao, John A. Sweeney, Qiyong Gong, Su Lui
Summary: The study found abnormalities in the brain networks of untreated schizophrenia patients, mainly involving the central executive, default mode, and salience networks. Additionally, accelerated age-related declines and illness duration-related declines were observed in schizophrenia patients, primarily in terms of global assortativity and nodal metrics of the left superior temporal pole.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Miranda Bridgwater, Peter Bachman, Brenden Tervo-Clemmens, Gretchen Haas, Rebecca Hayes, Beatriz Luna, Dean F. Salisbury, Maria Jalbrzikowski
Summary: This study investigates the developmental influence on symptom expression in first-episode psychosis. The results show that perceptual symptoms attenuate while non-perceptual symptoms enhance as maturation proceeds. Findings highlight the variability of pathological brain-behavior relationships with development.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anthony W. Zoghbi, Jeffrey A. Lieberman, Ragy R. Girgis
Summary: This comprehensive review examined the neurobiology of DUP and found that about 32.5% of studies reported a significant neurobiological correlate with DUP. These results challenge the notion of global neurotoxicity in psychosis and suggest that specific brain regions may be more vulnerable to the effects of DUP.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Alex J. Murray, Clara S. Humpston, Martin Wilson, Jack C. Rogers, Mohammad Zia Ul Haq Katshu, Peter F. Liddle, Rachel Upthegrove
Summary: Oxidative stress may contribute to the worsening of psychosis and poor outcomes. Glutathione levels in psychosis patients are related to clinical features and spectroscopy protocols. Meta-analysis shows no difference in glutathione levels between total psychosis patients and controls, but reduced levels are seen in patients with stable schizophrenia. Additionally, older studies demonstrate greater reductions in glutathione levels.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jihui Yue, Shuming Zhong, Aimin Luo, Shunkai Lai, Tingting He, Yuchong Luo, Ying Wang, Yiliang Zhang, Shiyi Shen, Hui Huang, Shenglin Wen, Yanbin Jia
Summary: Drug-naive OCD patients exhibit impairments in working memory, including phonological loop, visual-spatial sketchpad, and central executive system, which may be associated with hypometabolism in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), especially the left PFC.
NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISEASE AND TREATMENT
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Zi-Yang Fan, Yan-Wei Lin, Ruo-Yang Shi, Ling-Zhan Yu, Rui Wu, Qiu-Ying Yao, Luke D. Wesemann, Jiani Hu, Qi Liu, Yan Zhou, Sheng Chen, Lian-Ming Wu
Summary: Creatine distribution in myocardial segments of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) patients was measured using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) creatine mapping. CEST showed increased sensitivity in detecting subclinical myocardial changes compared to conventional CMR mapping sequences, making it a promising CMR sequence for screening subclinical myocardial damage.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Nickie N. Andescavage, Subechhya Pradhan, Alexis C. Gimovsky, Kushal Kapse, Mary T. Donofrio, Jenhao Jacob Cheng, Yushuf Sharker, David Wessel, Adre J. du Plessis, Catherine Limperopoulos
Summary: The study found that fetuses with complex congenital heart disease (CHD) have altered cerebral metabolites, particularly in the third trimester of pregnancy. These alterations are associated with survival to hospital discharge and warrant further study on the long-term neurodevelopmental consequences.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Almir Bitencourt, Varadan Sevilimedu, Elizabeth A. Morris, Katja Pinker, Sunitha B. Thakur
Summary: Altered metabolism, including lipid metabolism, is an emerging hallmark of breast cancer. Results of this study showed that breast tumors have significantly lower concentrations of lipid metabolites and PUFA compared to normal fibroglandular tissue. The measure best separating normal and tumor tissues was L21 + L23, indicating the potential of MRS- based lipid measurements in increasing the specificity of breast cancer characterization.
Article
Psychiatry
Jiayue Chen, Shaohong Zou, Yuan Qu, Cheng Zhang, Yi Zhang, Xiaoxiao Tang, Yongfang Ren
Summary: The study analyzed brain biochemical metabolism in BD patients with and without anxiety symptoms using 1H-MRS, finding higher levels of inositol metabolism in the right PWM of BD patients with anxiety symptoms and decreased membrane phospholipid catabolism in the left PWM with increasing age and onset age.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Nadia Deflorin, Ulrike Ehlert, Rita T. Amiel Castro
Summary: Changes in the gut microbiome of infants have been associated with maternal psychological symptoms during pregnancy. This study found that maternal prenatal depressive symptoms are associated with lower diversity of the infant's microbiome, while maternal saliva cortisol levels are linked to increased diversity and changes in specific bacterial groups. Further research is needed to understand the implications of these microbiota alterations for child health.
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Zheng Ma, Hui-Xia Zhou, Da-Chun Chen, Dong-Mei Wang, Xiang-Yang Zhang
Summary: The impaired glucose metabolism in drug-na & iuml;ve schizophrenia patients is strongly associated with suicidal behavior, suggesting that glucose metabolism abnormalities may be potential biomarkers of suicide in schizophrenia patients. Regular monitoring of glucose metabolism variables is essential for suicide prevention.
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Katie M. Lavigne, Jiaxuan Deng, Delphine Raucher-Chene, Adele Hotte-Meunier, Chloe Voyer, Lisa Sarraf, Martin Lepage, Genevieve Sauve
Summary: Psychiatric disorders are characterized by cognitive deficits and cognitive biases, which are associated with specific symptoms. While cognitive biases are present across diagnoses, their severity varies.
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yong-Yu Yin, Jiao-Zhao Yan, Shi-Xin Lai, Qian-Qian Wei, Si-Rui Sun, Li-Ming Zhang, Yun-Feng Li
Summary: This study found that gamma oscillations are closely associated with depression and may serve as predictive biomarkers of depression. Chronic restraint stress and lipopolysaccharide induced significant depression-like behaviors in mice and reduced gamma oscillations in the medial prefrontal cortex. Administration of ketamine, scopolamine, or fluoxetine increased gamma oscillations and exhibited rapid-acting antidepressant effects.
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Veronica Begni, Moira Marizzoni, Kerstin Camile Creutzberg, Diana Morena Silipo, Mariusz Papp, Annamaria Cattaneo, Marco Andrea Riva
Summary: Exposure to stressful experiences is a significant risk factor for mental disorders, and pharmacological interventions targeting stress-induced alterations can help restore brain function. Lurasidone, an antipsychotic drug, has been shown to normalize the impairments caused by stress exposure and could be a valuable treatment for stress-induced mental illnesses. However, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of lurasidone are not well understood. This study found that chronic lurasidone treatment counteracted some of the transcriptional changes induced by chronic mild stress exposure, providing new insights into the potential therapeutic effects of lurasidone.
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Esther E. Palacios-Barrios, Kunal Patel, Jamie L. Hanson
Summary: This review examines the association between early life interpersonal stress (ELIS) and depression, as well as the underlying mechanisms. The research shows that ELIS affects how youth respond to social rewards, and similar impairments in social reward processing are observed in youth with depression. The authors propose a preliminary model that suggests neurobehavioral disruptions in social reward processing as a mediating factor in the connection between ELIS and depression.
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Rui Li, Jiaming Tang, Yizhuo Wang, Ying Wang, Hua Yang, Hongen Wei
Summary: Restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) are characteristic features of neuropsychiatric disorders. This study focused on repetitive self-grooming behavior and investigated the involvement of the Pax2 gene in its control. Through the use of Pax2 neuron-specific deletion mice, the study found that the deletion of Pax2 gene affects the expression of the Arc gene in the prefrontal cortex, leading to impaired synaptic plasticity and excitatory/inhibitory imbalance, thereby contributing to the occurrence of repetitive self-grooming behavior.
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sara Derosa, Paulina Misztak, Jessica Mingardi, Giulia Mazzini, Heidi Kaastrup Muller, Laura Musazzi
Summary: This study investigated the involvement of neurotrophic signaling pathways in stress vulnerability/resilience and fast antidepressant response/non-response to ketamine in a rat model of depression. The findings showed that stress and ketamine induced specific changes in these pathways in different brain areas and subcellular fractions.
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Georgia F. Caruana, Sean P. Carruthers, Michael Berk, Susan L. Rossell, Tamsyn E. Van Rheenen
Summary: Cognitive impairment is related to both white matter macrostructure and microstructure in bipolar disorder patients. However, there is inconsistency in the results of the studies examining this relationship. Some studies have found an association between higher fractional anisotropy in white matter and better complex attention skills and executive functioning in bipolar disorder patients, while others have found no associations. Further research with increased statistical power and standardized methods is needed.
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Alberto Galimberti, Martin Tik, Giovanni Pellegrino, Anna-Lisa Schuler
Summary: This study provides a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for post-traumatic brain injury (TBI) symptoms. The results show that non-invasive brain stimulation techniques have a small overall effect on TBI sequelae, with significant effects observed for anxiety and headache. However, larger randomized controlled trials with longer follow-ups, optimized stimulation parameters, and standardized methodology are needed to establish the efficacy of these techniques in addressing TBI sequelae.
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Amanda J. Sales, Pedro H. Gobira, Joa F. C. Pedrazzi, Joao R. Silveia, Elaine Del Bel, Felipe V. Gomes, Francisco S. Guimaraes
Summary: The study found that doxycycline can inhibit metalloproteinase in the brain and attenuate the rewarding effects and locomotor sensitization of drug abuse. This suggests that doxycycline could be repurposed for the treatment of substance use disorders.
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alejandro Borrego-Ruiz, Juan J. Borrego
Summary: There is substantial evidence that the development of the nervous system is related to the composition and functions of the gut microbiome. The communication between the central nervous system (CNS) and the gut microbiota is bidirectional, with various routes such as immune, endocrine, and neural circuits. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been associated with neuropsychiatric diseases and psychological disorders. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) therapy has shown a causal-effect relationship between the gut microbiota and behavioral features. Interventions based on prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics have demonstrated their influence on neurological disorders through the synthesis of neuroactive compounds and regulation of inflammatory and endocrine processes. Further research is needed to explore the impact of gut microbiota dysbiosis on psychiatric and psychological disorders and the potential therapeutic role of microbiota-based interventions.
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Zhinan Li, Zhuang Kang, Xiaowei Xia, Leijun Li, Junyan Wu, Jiamin Dai, Tong Liu, Cai Chen, Yong Qiu, Ming Chen, Yanxi Liu, Ziyi Zhang, Zili Han, Zhengjia Dai, Qinling Wei
Summary: This study found that patients with schizophrenia showed lower levels of resilience and cognitive functions compared to healthy controls, as well as abnormal global properties and nodal metrics in brain networks. Furthermore, characteristic path length might moderate the relationship between resilience and working memory in these patients.
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)
Article
Clinical Neurology
David H. Adamowicz, Tsung-Chin Wu, Rebecca Daly, Michael R. Irwin, Dilip Jeste, Xin M. Tu, Lisa T. Eyler, Ellen E. Lee
Summary: This study aimed to explore the relationship between executive functioning and inflammatory biomarkers in people with schizophrenia. The results showed that systemic inflammation did not predict long-term declines in executive functioning. This suggests the need for further research to better understand the relationship and mechanisms between inflammation and cognition in schizophrenia.
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Nina Walter, Julian Wenzel, Shalaila S. Haas, Letizia Squarcina, Carolina Bonivento, Anne Ruef, Dominic Dwyer, Theresa Lichtenstein, Oeznur Bastruek, Alexandra Stainton, Linda A. Antonucci, Paolo Brambilla, Stephen J. Wood, Rachel Upthegrove, Stefan Borgwardt, Rebekka Lencer, Eva Meisenzahl, Raimo K. R. Salokangas, Christos Pantelis, Alessandro Bertolino, Nikolaos Koutsouleris, Joseph Kambeitz, Lana Kambeitz-Ilankovic
Summary: Clinical and neuroimaging data can be used to predict the potential of cognitive training to improve social functioning in recent onset psychosis patients. The use of multivariate pattern analysis and support vector machine classifier allows for the prediction of social functioning improvement based on baseline cognitive data. The findings suggest that cognitive data can provide a robust individual estimate of future social functioning for patients with recent onset psychosis.
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)