Pleiotropy, the physiologic basis for biologic fields

Biologic organisms act like fields. Hypothetically, pleiotropy results from the systematic re-purposing of genes over the course of the evolutionary history of the organism as pre-adaptations or exaptations. Mechanistically, pleiotropic genes are selected for during the process of evolution with reference to the First Principles of Physiology (FPP). Under stress conditions, pleiotropic genes will act as a functional network to cohesively maintain allostasis. There are strong homologies between Quantum Mechanics and the FPP. The homology between the Quantum states of the electron and cell may be due to the self-organizing principle that underlies both, hypothetically emanating from the Big Bang that formed the Universe some 13.8 billion years ago. The identification of the common origins and principles of physics and biology offers a cohesive explanation for origins and evolution of life. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.