Article
Immunology
Elisa Petruccioli, Linda Petrone, Teresa Chiacchio, Chiara Farroni, Gilda Cuzzi, Assunta Navarra, Valentina Vanini, Umberto Massafra, Marianna Lo Pizzo, Giuliana Guggino, Nadia Caccamo, Fabrizio Cantini, Fabrizio Palmieri, Delia Goletti
Summary: Patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID), such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), have a higher risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB) compared to the general population. Studying the M. tuberculosis (Mtb) specific T-cell response may help identify immune biomarkers of Mtb burden or clearance in different TB statuses and risk groups.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Wilfried Posch, Marta Bermejo-Jambrina, Marion Steger, Christina Witting, Gabriel Diem, Paul Hoertnagl, Hubert Hackl, Cornelia Lass-Floerl, Lukas A. Huber, Teunis B. H. Geijtenbeek, Doris Wilflingseder
Summary: Complement-opsonized HIV-1 triggers efficient antiviral responses in dendritic cells by activating multiple signaling pathways. Complement plays a crucial role in inducing effective antiviral immune responses by preventing HIV-1 suppressive mechanisms and activating specific cytosolic sensors.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Moein Zangiabadian, Donya Malekshahian, Erfan Arabpour, Sahel Shafiee Dolat Abadi, Fartous Yazarlou, Narjess Bostanghadiri, Rosella Centis, AmirHossein Akbari Aghababa, Mohammad Farahbakhsh, Mohammad Javad Nasiri, Giovanni Sotgiu, Giovanni Battista Migliori
Summary: This systematic review evaluated the outcomes and adverse events of liposomal amikacin for inhalation (LAI) in Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) pulmonary disease. The results showed that adding LAI to guideline-based therapies can increase the sputum culture conversion rate and achieve early sustained and durable negative sputum culture. However, further large-scale research is needed to confirm these findings.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ashley L. Marcinkiewicz, Kalvis Brangulis, Alan P. Dupuis, Thomas M. Hart, Maxime Zamba -Campero, Tristan A. Nowak, Jessica L. Stout, Inara Akopjana, Andris Kazaks, Janis Bogans, Alexander T. Ciota, Peter Kraiczy, Sergios-Orestis Kolokotronis, Yi-Pin Lin
Summary: Modern infectious disease outbreaks often involve changes in host tropism. The Lyme disease-causing bacterium Bb is an ideal model to investigate the molecular mechanisms of host tropism. Our research shows that minor sequence variation in the bacterial outer surface protein CspZ may confer dramatic differences in host-specific infectivity. We also identified the evolutionary mechanisms driving host tropism emergence.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Alinda G. Vos, Caitlin N. Dodd, Eveline M. Delemarre, Stefan Nierkens, Celicia Serenata, Diederick E. Grobbee, Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch, W. D. Francois Venter
Summary: Insight into inflammation patterns is crucial for understanding the pathophysiology of HIV and related CVD. This study found that HIV-positive individuals and HIV-negative controls had similar immune activation patterns, with PDL1 being a significant marker associated with CIMT in HIV-negative individuals.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Maria Lange Pedersen, Dennis Vestergaard Pedersen, Mikael Becher Lykkegaard Winkler, Heidi Gytz Olesen, Ole Schmeltz Sogaard, Lars Ostergaard, Nick Stub Laursen, Anna Halling Folkmar Rahimic, Martin Tolstrup
Summary: The complement system, an important part of the innate immune response, can be utilized to eliminate HIV-1-infected cells. Researchers developed a new therapeutic approach, a bispecific complement engager (BiCE), which can direct complement activity to the surface of HIV-1-infected cells. This BiCE has shown the ability to increase complement deposition and mediate complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) of HIV-1-infected cells.
EMBO MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yi Xiao, Qianqian Wei, Ruwei Ou, Tianmi Yang, Qirui Jiang, Yanbing Hou, Lingyu Zhang, Kuncheng Liu, Shichan Wang, Junyu Lin, Bi Zhao, Wei Song, Xueping Chen, Ying Wu, Chunyu Li, Huifang Shang
Summary: This study explores the relationship between peripheral adaptive immune indicators and the rate of disease progression in early Parkinson's disease. It found that the subset of peripheral T lymphocytes is associated with cognitive decline in early PD patients.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Marja Kovala, Minna Seppala, Anne Raisanen-Sokolowski, Seppo Meri, Eero Honkanen, Kati Kaartinen
Summary: Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is divided into immune-complex-mediated glomerulonephritis (IC-MPGN) and C3 glomerulopathy (C3G). This study found that IC-MPGN and C3G have remarkably similar clinical characteristics, kidney and overall survival, indicating that the current classification of MPGN does not provide significant clinical value in assessing renal prognosis.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Aurora Veteleanu, Sarah Pape, Kate Davies, Eleftheria Kodosaki, Abdul Hye, Wioleta M. Zelek, Andre Strydom, B. Paul Morgan
Summary: Complement dysregulation is present in individuals with Down syndrome, likely indicating a generalized immune dysregulation state; complement biomarkers differ in individuals with Down syndrome with and without Alzheimer's disease and may be used for diagnosis and/or prediction.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Alex F. Tang, Gospel Enyindah-Asonye, Catarina E. Hioe
Summary: The article discusses the use of immune complexes in vaccination strategies, focusing on how IC vaccine candidates utilize Fab-mediated effects to modulate antibody responses. Through steric occlusion and allosteric alterations, IC vaccine candidates can target HIV-1 infection.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
K. Bakshy, D. Heimeier, J. C. Schwartz, E. J. Glass, S. Wilkinson, R. A. Skuce, A. R. Allen, J. Young, J. C. McClure, J. B. Cole, D. J. Null, J. A. Hammond, T. P. L. Smith, D. M. Bickhart
Summary: The study developed genetic markers in cattle using new assembly methods and gene references, although no significant associations with bovine tuberculosis phenotypes were found, some markers were successful in predicting the effects on phenotypes.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
I-Ru Chen, Chiu-Ching Huang, Siang-Jyun Tu, Guei-Jane Wang, Ping-Chin Lai, Ya-Ting Lee, Ju-Chen Yen, Ya-Sian Chang, Jan-Gowth Chang
Summary: This single-cell sequencing study confirms the importance of immune cell dysregulation in the pathogenesis of aHUS, providing valuable insights into molecular mechanisms and potential new diagnostic and disease activity markers.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Sara R. Moore, Smrithi S. Menon, Claudio Cortes, Viviana P. Ferreira
Summary: The complement system plays a crucial role in both innate and adaptive immunity, with three pathways that can be triggered spontaneously or in response to danger. Pathogens often evade this system by hijacking host complement regulators, such as Factor H, to protect themselves from immune attack. Understanding how pathogens interact with complement regulators like Factor H can provide insights into developing treatment strategies to target pathogen evasion mechanisms.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Joseph M. Rocco, Elizabeth Laidlaw, Frances Galindo, Megan Anderson, Adam Rupert, Jeanette Higgins, Ornella Sortino, Ana M. Ortega-Villa, Virginia Sheikh, Gregg Roby, Safia Kuriakose, Andrea Lisco, Maura Manion, Irini Sereti
Summary: Severe mycobacterial IRIS in HIV can cause secondary HLH driven by pathologic IFN gamma production and T-cell activation, leading to worse outcomes. Increased ferritin, anemia, CXCL9, and sCD25 associate with this phenotype and may be used for risk stratification and treatment optimization.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
R. Monreal-Robles, J. A. Gonzalez-Gonzalez, J. Sordia-Ramirez, E. Ruiz-Holguin, A. A. Negreros-Osuna, S. de la Rosa-Pacheco, B. Soto-Moncivais, A. Rendon
Summary: This study reported the clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, treatment, and outcomes of gastrointestinal TB. The incidence of gastrointestinal TB was low among TB patients, but the mortality rate was high. HIV-positive and non-HIV patients had similar clinical progress, drug susceptibility patterns, and outcomes. The combined variable of hemoglobin and albumin on admission was associated with mortality.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Raymond M. Moseki, Daniel L. Barber, Elsa Du Bruyn, Muki Shey, Helen van der Plas, Robert J. Wilkinson, Graeme Meintjes, Catherine Riou
Summary: This study examined the characteristics of specific CD4 T-cell phenotype and transcription factors in tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) patients and found that TB-IRIS patients had differentiated, highly activated, and potentially cytotoxic Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD4 T-cell responses.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elsa du Bruyn, Cari Stek, Remi Daroowala, Qonita Said-Hartley, Marvin Hsiao, Georgia Schafer, Rene S. Goliath, Fatima Abrahams, Amanda Jackson, Sean Wasserman, Brian Allwood, Angharad Davis, Rachel P. -J. Lai, Anna Coussens, Katalin A. Wilkinson, Jantina J. de Vries, Nicki Tiffin, Maddalena Cerrone, Ntobeko A. B. J. Ntusi, Catherine Riou, Robert Wilkinson
Summary: The study investigates the outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in an African setting with high HIV-1 and tuberculosis prevalence. It finds that tuberculosis is a common comorbidity in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and that the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is negatively affected by the coexistence of HIV-1 and tuberculosis. This highlights the importance of considering these comorbidities in the management of COVID-19 in high-incidence settings.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dylan Sheerin, Francisco Lakay, Hanif Esmail, Craig Kinnear, Bianca Sansom, Brigitte Glanzmann, Robert J. Wilkinson, Matthew E. Ritchie, Anna K. Coussens
Summary: When profiling blood samples by RNA-sequencing, the presence of Hgb RNA can significantly affect the accuracy of differential gene expression analysis. Traditional methods involve depleting Hgb RNA prior to sequencing, but this study compared it with bioinformatic depletion. The results showed that failure to deplete Hgb RNA negatively impacted the sensitivity to detect disease-relevant gene expression changes, even when bioinformatic removal was performed.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Chukwudi A. A. Nnaji, Charles S. S. Wiysonge, Sara Cooper, Asanda Mayeye, Lucy Luphondo, Thobile Mabuya, Ntomboxolo Kalui, Maia Lesosky, Duduzile Ndwandwe
Summary: This study aimed to explore the contextual factors associated with missed opportunities for vaccination (MOV) in primary healthcare settings in Cape Town, South Africa. The research design involved focus group discussions with caregivers and in-depth interviews with facility staff. The study identified caregiver- and provider-related factors, as well as health system-related factors, that influence immunization outcomes.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jasantha Odayar, Tamsin K. Phillips, Siti Kabanda, Thokozile R. Malaba, Elton Mukonda, Nei-yuan Hsiao, Maia Lesosky, Landon Myer
Summary: A study in Cape Town, South Africa, examined the association between travel and viremia in post-partum women with HIV on antiretroviral therapy. The findings suggested that travel events were associated with an increased likelihood of higher viral load, highlighting the importance of interventions to support women on ART during travel.
INTERNATIONAL HEALTH
(2023)
Correction
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Corinne Morfill, Stanislava Pankratova, Pedro Machado, Nathalie K. Fernando, Anna Regoutz, Federica Talamona, Alessandra Pinna, Michal Klosowski, Robert J. Wilkinson, Roland A. Fleck, Fang Xie, Alexandra E. Porter, Darya Kiryushko
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Sarah J. J. Heany, Andrew J. J. Levine, Maia Lesosky, Nicole Phillips, Jean-Paul Fouche, Landon Myer, Heather J. J. Zar, Dan J. J. Stein, Steve Horvath, Jacqueline Hoare
Summary: This study examines the long-term patterns of epigenetic ageing in perinatally HIV-infected adolescents and its association with cognition and brain structure changes. The results show that the association between HIV infection and accelerated epigenetic ageing remains over a 36-month period. Epigenetic ageing is positively associated with viral load and negatively associated with CD4 ratio, and it is also associated with changes in whole brain grey matter volume and white matter integrity. However, there is no association between epigenetic ageing and cognitive function in the PHIV + group.
JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Lindokuhle Thela, Eric Decloedt, Henrik Zetterberg, Magnus Gisslen, Maia Lesosky, Melanie Gleich, Eleni Koutsilieri, Carsten Scheller, Abdul Hye, John Joska
Summary: HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) persist despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Lithium treatment, known for promoting brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF) and inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3-beta), was analyzed as an adjuvant mitigating treatment. Biomarker concentrations, including dopamine, BDNF, and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) biomarkers, were measured in ART-treated individuals with moderate or severe HAND. The study found that lithium did not confer neuroprotection after 24 weeks of treatment.
JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Hellen Meme, Evans Amukoye, Cressida Bowyer, Jeremiah Chakaya, Darpan Das, Ruaraidh Dobson, Ulrike Dragosits, Jonathan Fuld, Cindy Gray, Matthew Hahn, Richard Kiplimo, Maia Lesosky, Miranda M. Loh, Jean McKendree, Kevin Mortimer, Amos Ndombi, Louis Netter, Angela Obasi, Fred Orina, Clare Pearson, Heather Price, Jennifer K. Quint, Sean Semple, Marsailidh Twigg, Charlotte Waelde, Anna Walnycki, Melaneia Warwick, Jana Wendler, Sarah E. West, Michael Wilson, Lindsay Zurba, Graham Devereux
Summary: Research found that children living in informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya are more likely to have asthma symptoms, which are more severe and less likely to be diagnosed as asthma. Self-reported exposure to air pollution is associated with increased risk of asthma symptoms.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Edgar Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Mia Zol-Hanlon, Ganka Bineva-Todd, Andrea Marchesi, Mark Skehel, Keira E. Mahoney, Chloe Roustan, Annabel Borg, Lucia Di Vagno, Svend Kjaer, Antoni G. Wrobel, Donald J. Benton, Philipp Nawrath, Sabine L. Flitsch, Dhira Joshi, Andres Manuel Gonzalez-Ramirez, Katalin A. Wilkinson, Robert J. Wilkinson, Emma C. Wall, Ramon Hurtado-Guerrero, Stacy A. Malaker, Benjamin Schumann
Summary: The polybasic cleavage motif for the protease furin is a major factor in human viral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 spike. Variants of concern (VOCs) have extensive mutations in the region preceding this motif. Besides furin, spikes from these variants rely on other proteases such as TMPRSS2 for maturation. Glycans near the cleavage site have implications for proteolytic processing and the effects of variant-borne mutations.
ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Lindsay Sonnenkalb, Joshua James Carter, Andrea Spitaleri, Zamin Iqbal, Martin Hunt, Kerri Marie Malone, Christian Utpatel, Daniela Maria Cirillo, Camilla Rodrigues, Kayzad Soli Nilgiriwala, Philip William Fowler, Matthias Merker, Stefan Niemann
Summary: This study identified genetic variations that confer resistance to bedaquiline and clofazimine, and established a mutation catalogue using experimental evolution, protein modelling, genome sequencing, and phenotypic data analysis. The findings advance the understanding of drug resistance mechanisms in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains and provide important genetic testing evidence for the design of effective treatments.
Letter
Respiratory System
Catherine Riou, Elsa du Bruyn, Grace Hyun J. Kim, Irene da Costa, Jihey Lee, Alan Sher, Robert J. Wilkinson, Brian W. Allwood, Jonathan Goldin
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Keren Middelkoop, Justine Stewart, Neil Walker, Carmen Delport, David A. Jolliffe, Anna K. Coussens, James Nuttall, Jonathan C. Y. Tang, William D. Fraser, Christopher J. Griffiths, Geeta Trilok Kumar, Suzanne Filteau, Richard L. Hooper, Robert J. Wilkinson, Linda-Gail Bekker, Adrian R. Martineau
Summary: This study aimed to determine whether weekly oral supplementation with 10,000 IU vitamin D3 for 3 years reduces the risk of sensitization to M. tuberculosis in South African schoolchildren aged 6-11 years with negative QFT-Plus assay results. A randomized placebo-controlled trial was conducted in Cape Town, including 1682 children. The results showed that weekly vitamin D3 supplementation for 3 years increased serum 25(OH)D concentrations among QFT-Plus-negative Cape Town schoolchildren but did not reduce their risk of QFTPlus conversion.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Alize Proust, Christophe J. J. Queval, Ruth Harvey, Lorin Adams, Michael Bennett, Robert J. J. Wilkinson
Summary: This study investigates the effect of different SARS-CoV-2 variants on brain cells and blood-brain barrier integrity. The results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 is neurotropic and can cause deleterious effects on the central nervous system. The findings provide insights into the potential neurological consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Petro Booysen, Katalin A. Wilkinson, Dylan Sheerin, Robyn Waters, Anna K. Coussens, Robert J. Wilkinson
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis are major infectious causes of death, and co-infected patients have increased mortality rates. The immune interaction between these two pathogens impacts the outcomes of co-infected individuals. Both SARS-CoV-2 and Mtb modulate immune responses in cells such as monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and T cells.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)