Core Concept: Organoids have opened avenues into investigating numerous diseases. But how well do they mimic the real thing?

Human primary liver cancer–derived organoid cultures for disease modeling and drug screening

(2017) Laura Broutier et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Characterizing responses to CFTR-modulating drugs using rectal organoids derived from subjects with cystic fibrosis

(2016) Johanna F. Dekkers et al.   Science Translational Medicine

An in vivo model of human small intestine using pluripotent stem cells

(2014) Carey L Watson et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Cerebral organoids model human brain development and microcephaly

(2013) Madeline A. Lancaster et al.   NATURE

A functional CFTR assay using primary cystic fibrosis intestinal organoids

(2013) Johanna F Dekkers et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Self-organizing optic-cup morphogenesis in three-dimensional culture

(2011) Mototsugu Eiraku et al.   NATURE

Single Lgr5 stem cells build crypt-villus structures in vitro without a mesenchymal niche

(2009) Toshiro Sato et al.   NATURE

Self-Organized Formation of Polarized Cortical Tissues from ESCs and Its Active Manipulation by Extrinsic Signals

(2008) Mototsugu Eiraku et al.   Cell Stem Cell