Article
Oceanography
I. B. Savelyev, P. J. Martin, Y. Fan, D. K. Savidge, R. K. Shearman, T. Haack, T. Paolo, E. J. Terrill, Q. Wang
Summary: This study aims to test upper ocean turbulence models using comprehensive in situ data. The available time series data, including surface meteorological forcing and underwater profiles, were suitable for constraining and testing numerical models. The results showed that the skill of turbulence closure models has steadily increased over several decades of development, but the correlation with observed turbulence remains weak. The analysis also identified the need to incorporate wave-dependence into the air-sea momentum flux formulation.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
Ilker Fer, Till M. Baumann, Zoe Koenig, Morven Muilwijk, Sandra Tippenhauer
Summary: Sea ice plays a crucial role in the exchange of momentum, heat, and gas between the atmosphere and the ocean. By collecting and analyzing data in the Arctic, researchers were able to estimate parameters such as boundary layer thickness, friction velocity, and drag coefficient.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Xiuyan Liu, Yufei Zhang, Dalei Song, Hua Yang, Xinyu Li
Summary: This paper investigates the scale and intermittency properties of turbulent flow using a universal multifractal cascade model, and validates the model through comprehensive experimental verification. The study reveals that most energy transfer processes occur on small scales, and the intermittency of turbulence decreases with increasing time scales.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yunli Nie, Xin Luan, Yan Huang, Libin Du, Dalei Song, Xiuyan Liu
Summary: This study developed a long-range hybrid autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) for ocean turbulence measurement, which combines the characteristics of a conventional AUV and a buoyancy-driven glider. The hybrid AUV successfully completed continuous turbulence measurement in the northern South China Sea, demonstrating its stable flight performance and ability to meet turbulence observation requirements. The study revealed the highly stratified water column and the damping effect of the strong thermocline on wind and heat energy transmission. Overall, hybrid AUVs provide a powerful tool for collecting high-quality and high-resolution oceanic turbulence data over large areas and long durations.
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Kiera Kean, William Layton, Michael Schneier
Summary: This paper discusses two phenomenological clipping strategies to control eddy viscosity and turbulence length scale, respectively, in order to prevent excessive dissipation of model solutions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND MODELING
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Hemant Khatri, Stephen M. Griffies, Takaya Uchida, Han Wang, Dimitris Menemenlis
Summary: The study reveals that in high kinetic energy regions, submesoscale processes have a significant impact, resulting in relatively shallow kinetic energy spectra in winter and steeper spectra in summer. The transition in kinetic energy spectra goes through two phases, late autumn and late winter, with mixed-layer instabilities playing a key role in the process.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Yi Zhou, Koji Nagata, Yasumasa Ito, Yasuhiko Sakai, Yuji Hattori
Summary: Through direct numerical simulations of a single-cylinder wake, we found that a significant -5/3 energy spectrum can be observed in the highly intermittent upstream region. However, the energy spectra and the corresponding Kolmogorov constant are distinct from the downstream almost turbulent region and grid turbulence with a similar local Reynolds number. We also discovered a power-law relationship between the conditional Kolmogorov constant and the intermittency factor, Ck ~ gamma(1/3). This study demonstrates that the composed turbulent motions in the highly intermittent flow are responsible for the emergence of the -5/3 scaling law.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Arnaud Le Boyer, Nicole Couto, Matthew H. Alford, Henri F. Drake, Cynthia E. Bluteau, Kenneth G. Hughes, Alberto C. Naveira Garabato, Aurelie J. Moulin, Thomas Peacock, Elizabeth C. Fine, Ali Mashayek, Laura Cimoli, Michael P. Meredith, Angelique Melet, Ilker Fer, Marcus Dengler, Craig L. Stevens
Summary: This article argues for the inclusion of ocean turbulent fluxes as Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) in the Global Ocean Observing System. It explains the importance of measuring these fluxes in order to understand material exchange and close tracer concentration budgets. The article also discusses the advancements in turbulence observations and the need for routine measurements.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Oceanography
Una Kim Miller, Christopher J. Zappa, Seth F. Zippel, J. Thomas Farrar, Robert A. Weller
Summary: This study presents estimates of turbulence kinetic energy dissipation rate obtained using acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) in the Southeast Pacific Ocean. The results suggest that the new method is consistent with other parameterizations and can be used to understand the transfer of heat and other properties between the ocean and atmosphere.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Bernard J. Vasquez, Sergei A. Markovskii, Charles W. Smith
Summary: This study conducts three-dimensional hybrid kinetic simulations to investigate the behavior of protons and electrons. The simulations show that Alfvenic fluctuations evolve into turbulent energy with a specific spectral magnetic helicity signature under the influence of the background magnetic field. By comparing the total magnetic helicity and the reduced magnetic helicity, it is found that they exhibit intrinsic variability based on the initial fluctuation conditions, which may contribute to the observed distribution of solar wind magnetic helicity.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Val Bennington, Lucas Gloege, Galen A. McKinley
Summary: The ocean reduces human impact on the climate by absorbing and sequestering CO2. Global ocean biogeochemical models (GOBMs) play a key role in quantifying the ocean carbon sink. The LDEO-HPD product uses interpolation and machine learning to provide global coverage corrections.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xiuyan Liu, Dalei Song, Hua Yang, Xiaofeng Wang, Yunli Nie
Summary: The study introduces an integrated method for identifying and extracting features to understand the temporal-spatial characteristics of turbulent energy transfer and evolution in ocean dynamic systems. By uncovering the temporal features of turbulent energy and analyzing the spatial statistical characteristics of energy dissipation, the study sheds light on the local features of energy transfer and the spatial scaling correlation of turbulent dissipation.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Erica Madonna, Anne Britt Sando
Summary: The ocean heat transport from the North Atlantic to the Barents Sea has an impact on the sea ice extent and energy budget in the Arctic. However, there are significant differences in ocean heat transport between the fifth and sixth phases of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. While both model generations show variations in mean volume transports, the CMIP6 models have more realistic temperatures and heat transports. The variability of heat and volume transports is influenced by wind forcing, but with different magnitudes in different models.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Preston Spicer, Kimberly Huguenard, Kelly L. Cole, Daniel G. MacDonald, Michael M. Whitney
Summary: This study utilized microstructure profiling to investigate vertical mixing in the interior Merrimack River plume during a tidal pulse. Multiple stratified shear mixing regimes were identified and evolved with time, including plume layer mixing, nearfield interfacial mixing, and tidal interfacial mixing. The findings highlight the previously unreported tidally modulated mixing within the river plume.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Review
Oceanography
Brian K. Arbic
Summary: This article reviews an emerging class of high-resolution global models that consider the effects of both atmospheric fields and astronomical tidal potentials, and can simulate various oceanic phenomena. These models have numerous applications in satellite oceanography, operational oceanography, boundary forcing, tidal-cryosphere interactions, and assessment of the impact of tidal changes on future coastal flooding hazards.
PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
Zhiyou Jing, Baylor Fox-Kemper, Haijin Cao, Ruixi Zheng, Yan Du
Summary: Research has found active submesoscale density fronts in the northwest Pacific subtropical countercurrent system, with frontogenesis and symmetric instability processes playing important roles in shaping and enhancing these fronts.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
(2021)
Article
Oceanography
Jihai Dong, Baylor Fox-Kemper, Hong Zhang, Changming Dong
Summary: This study uses a global ocean model to investigate the impact of Symmetric Instability (SI) in the surface mixed layer (SML) and estimates its potential effects on wind energy utilization. The research reveals variations in SI scale and activity at different latitudes, with higher activity in winter and smaller scales in summer.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jihai Dong, Baylor Fox-Kemper, Jinxuan Zhu, Changming Dong
Summary: This study compares the impact of the SI parameterization scheme with the SI-neglected scheme on simulating ocean surface mixed layer. The results show that the improvements in geostrophic shear production and anticyclonic potential vorticity in the SI-parameterized scheme are closer to those in the SI-permitting model, suggesting potential application in realistic regional or climate models.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Patrick Orenstein, Baylor Fox-Kemper, Leah Johnson, Qing Li, Aakash Sane
Summary: Empirically generated indices are used to evaluate the skill of a global climate model in representing the monsoon intraseasonal oscillation (MISO). The study finds that a model version including both Langmuir turbulence and submesoscale restratification parameterizations provides the most accurate simulations of the time scale of MISO events.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
J. C. Ryan, L. C. Smith, S. W. Cooley, B. Pearson, N. Wever, E. Keenan, J. T. M. Lenaerts
Summary: This study shows that clouds will play an increasingly important role in determining the Greenland Ice Sheet's contribution to global sea levels. The decrease in albedo in the ablation zone will make radiative fluxes more sensitive to changes in cloudiness, making accurate representation of clouds crucial for forecasting the ice sheet's impact on sea-level rise.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Environmental Sciences
Helene Hewitt, Baylor Fox-Kemper, Brodie Pearson, Malcolm Roberts, Daniel Klocke
Summary: Sharp fronts and eddies, as well as features like shelf seas and under-ice-shelf cavities, are not accounted for in climate projections. These small-scale processes play a crucial role in the evolution of large-scale ocean and cryosphere under climate change, posing a challenge to climate models.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jihai Dong, Baylor Fox-Kemper, Zhiyou Jing, Qingxuan Yang, Jiwei Tian, Changming Dong
Summary: This study quantifies the contributions of dynamic processes to the turbulence dissipation rate in the surface mixed layer (SML) through observations of an anticyclonic eddy in the South China Sea. Despite the dominant role of wind and waves, symmetric instability (SI) is found to play a significant role in the dissipation of turbulence in the SML.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Anson H. Cheung, Samantha Sandwick, Xiaojing Du, Jose Abella-Gutierrez, Richard S. Vachula, Timothy D. Herbert, Baylor Fox-Kemper, Juan Carlos Herguera
Summary: This study investigates the millennial-scale variability of sea surface temperature (SST) and primary productivity in the northeast Pacific using marine sediment records. The results show spatial variations in SST, with higher latitudes experiencing greater changes than lower latitudes. The study also finds no evidence for coherent variability in primary producer community or carbon export.
PALEOCEANOGRAPHY AND PALEOCLIMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
Hieu T. Pham, Sutanu Sarkar, Leah Johnson, Baylor Fox-Kemper, Peter P. Sullivan, Qing Li
Summary: A process study using large-eddy simulations investigates the dominant 1-D processes that affect mixed layer properties during a summer Monsoon Intra-seasonal Oscillations event in the Bay of Bengal. Realistic air-sea fluxes and initial conditions collected during a field experiment are employed to explore the roles of thermal inversion layer and Langmuir turbulence in modulating mixed layer properties. The results show that near-inertial oscillations, solar heating, and precipitation have the most impact on mixed layer depth, sea surface temperature, and sea surface salinity.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2023)
Review
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Hyodae Seo, Larry W. Oneill, Mark A. Bourassa, Arnaud Czaja, Kyla Drushka, James B. Edson, Baylor Fox-kemper, Ivy Frenger, Sarah T. Gille, Benjamin P. Kirtman, Shoshiro Minobe, Angeline G. Pendergrass, Lionel Renault, Malcolm J. Roberts, Niklas Schneider, Justin Small, A. D. Stoffelen, Qing Wang
Summary: Two decades of research have shown the strong ocean-atmosphere feedback mediated by ocean mesoscale processes. This feedback involves air-sea exchanges in heat, momentum, and carbon dioxide, and plays a crucial role in understanding large-scale ocean circulation and climate variability. However, accurately diagnosing and simulating mesoscale air-sea interaction remains challenging.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Robert E. E. Kopp, Michael Oppenheimer, Jessica L. L. O'Reilly, Sybren S. S. Drijfhout, Tamsin L. L. Edwards, Baylor Fox-Kemper, Gregory G. G. Garner, Nicholas R. R. Golledge, Tim H. J. Hermans, Helene T. T. Hewitt, Benjamin P. P. Horton, Gerhard Krinner, Dirk Notz, Sophie Nowicki, Matthew D. D. Palmer, Aimee B. A. Slangen, Cunde Xiao
Summary: Future sea-level change has both quantifiable and unquantifiable uncertainties, and effectively communicating these uncertainties is a key challenge in translating sea-level science for coastal planning. Scientific assessments have taken different approaches to communicate sea-level projection uncertainty, and this information influenced the presentation of uncertainties in the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report. The goal is to preserve both quantifiable and unquantifiable elements as projections are adapted for regional application.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2023)
Article
Oceanography
Veronica Morales-Marquez, Ismael Hernandez-Carrasco, Baylor Fox-Kemper, Alejandro Orfila
Summary: We investigated the effects of Ekman currents and Stokes drift on the surface transport and mixing properties of the Mediterranean Sea. Using satellite data, we calculated Finite Size Lyapunov Exponents (FSLE) and found that the transport pathways were significantly influenced by non-geostrophic currents, leading to a decrease in eddy retention capacity. Regional and temporal analysis showed an increase in horizontal mixing processes, particularly in the presence of intense and persistent wind and waves. Our findings suggest that the Mediterranean Sea has experienced an increase in mixing intensity in recent decades, with ageostrophic features playing a role in relative dispersion properties.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Anne Marie Treguier, Clement de Boyer Montegut, Alexandra Bozec, Eric P. Chassignet, Baylor Fox-Kemper, Andy McC Hogg, Doroteaciro Iovino, Andrew E. Kiss, Julien Le Sommer, Yiwen Li, Pengfei Lin, Camille Lique, Hailong Liu, Guillaume Serazin, Dmitry Sidorenko, Qiang Wang, Xiaobio Xu, Steve Yeager
Summary: This study evaluates the mixed-layer depth (MLD) in different ocean models and highlights the importance of accurately representing the MLD in climate studies. The results show that higher resolution models improve the representation of the MLD, especially in certain formation regions. However, biases still exist, particularly in the Southern Ocean. The study also emphasizes the need for careful selection of reference levels and spatio-temporal sampling in MLD computation for future model intercomparison projects.
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Gustavo M. Marques, Nora Loose, Elizabeth Yankovsky, Jacob M. Steinberg, Chiung-Yin Chang, Neeraja Bhamidipati, Alistair Adcroft, Baylor Fox-Kemper, Stephen M. Griffies, Robert W. Hallberg, Malte F. Jansen, Hemant Khatri, Laure Zanna
Summary: We describe an idealized primitive-equation model for studying mesoscale turbulence and use a hierarchy of grid resolutions to make eddy-resolving calculations more affordable. The model incorporates intermediate complexity, with idealized basin-scale geometry and non-uniform ocean depth, allowing for mesoscale eddy interactions with topography. The model is perfectly adiabatic and fills a gap between quasi-geostrophic models and idealized general circulation models. Results show that the model is approaching convergence in mean kinetic energy for the ocean mesoscale processes of interest and exhibits a wide range of dynamics due to resolving mesoscale turbulence.
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
(2022)