Multipolar Polarizabilities and Hyperpolarizabilities in the Sr Optical Lattice Clock

We address the problem of the lattice Stark shifts in the Sr clock caused by the multipolar M1 and E2 atom-field interactions and by the term nonlinear in lattice intensity and determined by the hyper-polarizability. We develop an approach to calculate hyperpolarizabilities for atoms and ions based on a solution of the inhomogeneous equation which allows us to effectively and accurately carry out complete summations over intermediate states. We apply our method to the calculation of the hyperpolarizabilities for the clock states in Sr. We also carry out an accurate calculation of the multipolar polarizabilities for these states at the magic frequency. Understanding these Stark shifts in optical lattice clocks is crucial for further improvement of the clock accuracy.