Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rob C. van Wijk, Ainhoa Lucia, Pavan Kumar Sudhakar, Lindsay Sonnenkalb, Cyril Gaudin, Eik Hoffmann, Berenice Dremierre, Diana Angelica Aguilar-Ayala, Michael Dal Molin, Jan Rybniker, Stefano de Giorgi, Laura Cioetto-Mazzabo, Greta Segafreddo, Riccardo Manganelli, Giulia Degiacomi, Deborah Recchia, Maria Rosalia Pasca, Ulrika S. H. Simonsson, Santiago Ramon-Garcia
Summary: Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death by a single infectious agent. The ERA4TB is a partnership aiming to progress new anti-TB regimens into the clinic. Standardized protocols and data reporting templates were established for reliable interpretation of treatment efficacy.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joel Ferguson, Rebecca Littman, Garret Christensen, Elizabeth Levy Paluck, Nicholas Swanson, Zenan Wang, Edward Miguel, David Birke, John-Henry Pezzuto
Summary: This study assesses attitudes, usage, and perceived norms regarding open science practices in the applied sciences. The results show that researchers have positive attitudes towards these practices and their usage is higher than what is perceived. Open science practices are becoming increasingly common in the social sciences, but there is limited data on their popularity and prevalence.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Biology
Ellen K. Bledsoe, Joseph B. Burant, Gracielle T. Higino, Dominique G. Roche, Sandra A. Binning, Kerri Finlay, Jason Pither, Laura S. Pollock, Jennifer M. Sunday, Diane S. Srivastava
Summary: Historical and long-term environmental datasets are essential for understanding natural systems' responses to change. The practice of data rescue is crucial for ensuring the long-term availability of valuable data, requiring effective teams and policies.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biology
Dylan G. E. Gomes, Patrice Pottier, Robert Crystal-Ornelas, Emma J. Hudgins, Vivienne Foroughirad, Luna L. Sanchez-Reyes, Rachel Turba, Paula Andrea Martinez, David Moreau, Michael G. Bertram, Cooper A. Smout, Kaitlyn M. Gaynor
Summary: The biological sciences community recognizes the importance of open, reproducible, and transparent research practices. However, researchers face barriers in sharing their data and code, including knowledge barriers, concerns about reuse, and misaligned career incentives. By identifying and addressing these barriers, we can promote open science goals.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Laura Pazzagli, David Liang, Morten Andersen, Marie Linder, Abdul Rauf Khan, Maurizio Sessa
Summary: The assessment of the duration of pharmacological prescriptions is crucial in pharmacoepidemiologic studies, and the Sessa Empirical Estimator (SEE) is a promising new method for computing prescription duration. The SEE showed good accuracy and sensitivity when compared to simulated and real-world data and outperformed the Researcher-Defined Duration (RDD) method.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Mathematical
John N. Towse, David A. Ellis, Andrea S. Towse
Summary: The study reveals that while some journals in psychological science provide direct links to available data, most of the data lack completeness and reusability. In order to better realize the potential of open data, researchers need to take action to promote improved practices.
BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS
(2021)
Article
Biology
Sandrine Soeharjono, Dominique G. Roche
Summary: This study found that most faculty members in the fields of ecology and evolution believe that publicly sharing data brings benefits or neutral outcomes, rather than costs, with the benefits being independent of career stage and gender. Men and early career researchers are more likely to perceive costs associated with open data sharing.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
John D. Sorkin, Mark Manary, Paul A. M. Smeets, Amanda J. MacFarlane, Arne Astrup, Ronald L. Prigeon, Beth B. Hogans, Jack Odle, Teresa A. Davis, Katherine L. Tucker, Christopher P. Duggan, Deirdre K. Tobias
Summary: This article discusses the appropriate use of P values in accordance with the scientific method, as well as increasing transparency and reproducibility in nutrition research. The proper use of P values and research transparency are crucial for building trust and ensuring the replicability of study results.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Soeren Dittmer, Michael Roberts, Julian Gilbey, Ander Biguri, Ian Selby, Jacobus Preller, James H. F. Rudd, John A. D. Aston, Carola-Bibiane Schoenlieb
Summary: Data science systems are widely used in research and developed by people from various backgrounds, but the reproducibility of such systems is facing a crisis. Perverse incentives and a lack of software engineering skills contribute to this crisis. By analyzing the difficulties in software engineering and building complex systems, we propose applying software engineering methods to make data science systems more suitable for their purpose. We advocate for incremental growth and the use of two types of feedback loops in development - one for testing code correctness and another for evaluating code efficacy.
NATURE MACHINE INTELLIGENCE
(2023)
Review
Physics, Particles & Fields
T. Basaglia, M. Bellis, J. Blomer, J. Boyd, C. Bozzi, D. Britzger, S. Campana, C. Cartaro, G. Chen, B. Couturier, G. David, C. Diaconu, A. Dobrin, D. Duellmann, M. Ebert, P. Elmer, J. Fernandes, L. Fields, P. Fokianos, G. Ganis, A. Geiser, M. Gheata, J. B. Gonzalez Lopez, T. Hara, L. Heinrich, M. Hildreth, K. Herner, B. Jayatilaka, M. Kado, O. Keeble, A. Kohls, K. Naim, C. Lange, K. Lassila-Perini, S. Levonian, M. Maggi, Z. Marshall, P. Mato Vila, A. Mecionis, A. Morris, S. Piano, M. Potekhin, M. Schroder, U. Schwickerath, E. Sexton-Kennedy, T. Simko, T. Smith, D. South, A. Verbytskyi, M. Vidal, A. Vivace, L. Wang, G. Watt, T. Wenaus
Summary: This document summarizes the status and importance of data preservation in high energy physics and discusses the experience and advances in this field over the past decade. It presents the current status of preserving data accumulated from large collider experiments and highlights efforts to ensure long-term analysis capabilities for ongoing and future experiments. Additionally, it introduces transverse projects inspired by open science and FAIR principles, and outlines a prospective and an action plan.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Emmanuel A. Zavalis, Despina G. Contopoulos-Ioannidis, John P. A. Ioannidis
Summary: An evaluation of 5340 articles published in 9 specialty infectious disease journals in 2019 and 2021 showed low levels of code sharing, data sharing, and registration, and high levels of conflicts of interest and funding disclosures, indicating a need for increased transparency.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Economics
Shirley Wang, Anton Pottegard, William Crown, Peter Arlett, Darren M. Ashcroft, Eric Benchimol, Marc L. Berger, Gracy Crane, Wim Goettsch, Wei Hua, Shaum Kabadi, David M. Kern, Xavier Kurz, Sinead Langan, Takahiro Nonaka, Lucinda Orsini, Susana Perez-Gutthann, Simone Pinheiro, Nicole Pratt, Sebastian Schneeweiss, Rebecca J. Williams
Summary: This article introduces a harmonized template (HARPER) to enhance reproducibility of real-world evidence (RWE) studies in healthcare decision-making. The template aims to facilitate a shared understanding of scientific decisions by providing clear and reproducible study protocols.
Article
Sociology
Jeremy Freese, Tamkinat Rauf, Jan Gerrit Voelkel
Summary: Transparency and reproducibility in research are important for restoring trust in science and have been widely adopted in quantitative social science, with potential benefits for qualitative research as well.
SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
John P. Sumpter, Tamsin J. Runnalls, Andrew C. Johnson, Damia Barcelo
Summary: It is uncommon for scientists to acknowledge the limitations of their research because of the pressure to publish. This has resulted in a crisis of reproducibility in published research. To address this, including a 'Limitations' section in scientific papers is suggested, as it promotes honesty and transparency. This recommendation applies to all scientific disciplines.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Shirley V. Wang, Sushama Kattinakere Sreedhara, Lily G. Bessette, Sebastian Schneeweiss
Summary: The study found that multiple database studies on the same treatment effect question conducted by different investigators can be considered sensitivity analyses. Factors contributing to variation in estimates of bleeding risk include differences in data and population, as well as choices in study design and analysis parameters.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Rheumatology
James M. Gwinnutt, Sam Norton, Kimme L. Hyrich, Mark Lunt, Bernard Combe, Nathalie Rincheval, Adeline Ruyssen-Witrand, Bruno Fautrel, Daniel F. McWilliams, David A. Walsh, Elena Nikiphorou, Patrick D. W. Kiely, Adam Young, Jacqueline R. Chipping, Alex MacGregor, Suzanne M. M. Verstappen
Summary: This study investigated the impact of social support, financial status, and lifestyle on the development of excess disability in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The study found that individuals with less social support, worse financial situation, less exercise, and lower education were more likely to have excess disability. These findings were validated in two independent datasets.
ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH
(2023)
Letter
Rheumatology
Anastasia-Vasiliki Madenidou, Graham Dinsdale, Muditha Samaranayaka, Lindsay Muir, William G. Dixon, Ariane L. Herrick
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Meghna Jani, Belay Birlie Yimer, David Selby, Mark Lunt, Goran Nenadic, William G. Dixon
Summary: This study aimed to examine the impact of incorporating narrative prescribing instructions and subsequent drug preparation assumptions on adverse event rates, using a worked example of opioids and fracture risk. The results showed that assumptions made during the drug preparation process, especially for those with variability in prescription instructions, can impact subsequent risk estimates.
PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY
(2023)
Letter
Rheumatology
Yun-Ting Huang, David A. Jenkins, Niels Peek, William G. Dixon, Meghna Jani
ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
Duc Binh Phan, Anthony P. Bewley, Catherine H. Smith, Teena Mackenzie, Christopher E. M. Griffiths, Mark Lunt, Richard B. Warren, Zenas Z. N. Yiu
Summary: This study investigated the uptake of TNFi biosimilars in the UK and Ireland and found that the use of biosimilars increased over time and varied across regions. Biosimilars were more commonly used by men and patients with lower disease severity.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Quynh Pham, David Wong, Kaylen J. Pfisterer, Dionne Aleman, Nick Bansback, Joseph A. Cafazzo, Alexander J. Casson, Brian Chan, William Dixon, Gerasimos Kakaroumpas, Claudia Lindner, Niels Peek, Henry W. W. Potts, Barbara Ribeiro, Emily Seto, Charlotte Stockton-Powdrell, Alexander Thompson, Sabine van der Veer
Summary: The international deployment of remote monitoring and virtual care technologies can have a positive impact on outcomes. However, transferring these innovations between countries can be complicated by several key differences. Recommendations include considering country-specific factors, mapping available pathways, sharing regulatory learnings, and exploring existing guidance. These recommendations contribute to successful international deployment and increased positive impact.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
William G. Dixon, Sabine N. van der Veer, Syed Mustafa Ali, Lynn Laidlaw, Richard J. B. Dobson, Cathie Sudlow, Tim Chico, Jacqueline A. L. MacArthur, Aiden Doherty
Summary: The use of data from smartphones and wearable devices has great potential for population health research, but the uptake of large-scale mobile health research has not met expectations. Digital person-generated health data are crucial for answering research questions, but there are challenges such as data inequality, selection bias, data collection tools, data harmonization, time series data analysis, and patient and public involvement. Establishing an interdisciplinary community can transform people's lives for the better.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ruth H. Jack, Rebecca M. Joseph, Carol A. C. Coupland, Charlotte L. Hall, Chris Hollis
Summary: Since the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an increase in sudden and new onset tics, particularly affecting teenage girls. This population-based study found that the incidence of tics in children and young people has increased during the pandemic, with the highest increase seen in teenage girls.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Syed Mustafa Ali, Rebecca R. Lee, John McBeth, Ben James, Sean McAlister, Alessandro Chiarotto, William G. Dixon, Sabine N. van der Veer
Summary: This study aimed to inform the development of cross-culturally acceptable digital pain self-report tools by understanding the similarities and differences between ethnic groups in pain experiences and self-reporting needs. The findings showed that participants from different ethnic groups faced similar challenges in communicating their pain to healthcare professionals, but had differences in beliefs about pain causes, attitudes toward pain medication, and experiences of stigma and gender norms influencing pain-reporting behavior. Future research and development should address these differences in pain perceptions and beliefs, factors influencing pain reporting behavior, and language requirements to improve cross-cultural acceptability and equity of digital pain self-report tools.
JMIR HUMAN FACTORS
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Paul I. Palmer, Caroline M. Wainwright, Bo Dong, Ross I. Maidment, Kevin G. Wheeler, Nicola Gedney, Jonathan E. Hickman, Nima Madani, Sonja S. Folwell, Gamal Abdo, Richard P. Allan, Emily C. L. Black, Liang Feng, Masilin Gudoshava, Keith Haines, Chris Huntingford, Mary Kilavi, Mark F. Lunt, Ahmed Shaaban, Andrew G. Turner
Summary: Eastern Africa experiences bimodal rainfall with long rains and short rains, and changes in rainfall have significant socioeconomic and environmental impacts. Teleconnections like El Nino-Southern Oscillation and the Indian Ocean Dipole play a major role in interannual variability. The long rains have been getting drier while the short rains have become wetter. These patterns affect flooding, droughts, food and energy systems, diseases, and ecosystem stability. Climate projections suggest that by 2030-2040, the short rains will deliver more rainfall than the long rains, posing challenges for agriculture and public health emergencies. Mitigation efforts should focus on agriculture, clean water, medical and emergency infrastructure, and adaptation strategies.
NATURE REVIEWS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Primary Health Care
Rebecca Joseph, Roger Knaggs, Carol Coupland, Amy Taylor, Yana Vinogradova, Debbie Butler, David Waldram, Barbara Iyen, Ralph Akyea, Darren Ashcroft, Anthony Avery, Ruth Jack
BRITISH JOURNAL OF GENERAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Yun-Ting Huang, David A. Jenkins, Belay Birlie Yimer, Jose Benitez-Aurioles, Niels Peek, Mark Lunt, William G. Dixon, Meghna Jani
Summary: This study investigated opioid prescribing trends and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on opioid prescribing in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs). The results showed that the number of new opioid users for RA, PsA, and FM increased and then decreased after 2018. The number of prevalent opioid users for all RMDs increased but plateaued or dropped after 2018. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there were significant changes in the trend of prevalent opioid users for RA, PsA, and FM.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Rebecca M. Joseph, Roger D. Knaggs, Carol A. C. Coupland, Amelia Taylor, Yana Vinogradova, Debbie Butler, Louisa Gerrard, David Waldram, Barbara Iyen, Ralph K. Akyea, Darren M. Ashcroft, Anthony J. Avery, Ruth H. Jack
Summary: This study aimed to assess the routine medication reviews for older adults in the UK and describe the changes in the number and types of prescribed medicines following a review. The results showed that 51.6% of older adults had recorded medication reviews in 2019, but there was little overall change in the numbers and types of prescribed medicines after the reviews.
Article
Oncology
Eleni Domzaridou, Tjeerd Van Staa, Andrew G. Renehan, Natalie Cook, William Welfare, Darren M. Ashcroft, Victoria Palin
Summary: This study examines the association between antibiotic treatment and long-term mortality in cancer patients, finding that antibiotic use shortly before cancer diagnosis may reduce the effectiveness of chemotherapy and immunotherapy.