The effects of imidacloprid combined with endosulfan on IgE-mediated mouse bone marrow-derived mast cell degranulation and anaphylaxis

Low levels of endosulfan are known to stimulate mast cells to release allergic mediators, while imidacloprid can inhibit IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation. However, little information about the effects of both pesticides together on mast cell degranulation is available. To measure the effects, IgE-activated mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) were treated with imidacloprid and endosulfan, individually, and simultaneously at equi-molar concentrations in tenfold steps ranging from 10(-4) to 10(-11) M, followed by measuring several allergy-related parameters expressed in BMMCs: the mediator production and influx of Ca2+, the phosphorylation content of NF-kappa in the Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway. Then, the effects of the mixtures on IgE-induced passive systemic anaphylaxis (PSA) of BALB/c was detectded. This study clearly showed that the application of equimolar mixtures of both pesticides with 10(-4) -10(-5) M significantly inhibited the IgE-mediated mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells degranulation in vitro and 10(-4) M of them decreased IgE-mediated PSA in vivo, as the application of imidacloprid at the same concentration alone did. Morever endosulfan alone had no remarkable stimulatory effects on any of the factors measured. In conclusion, simultaneous application of equi-molar concentrations of both pesticides generally showed highly similar responses compared to the responses to imidacloprid alone, suggesting that the effects of the mixture could be solely attributed to the effects of imidacloprid.