Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Alexander C. Razavi, Arthur S. Agatston, Leslee J. Shaw, Carlo N. De Cecco, Marly van Assen, Laurence S. Sperling, Marcio S. Bittencourt, Melissa A. Daubert, Khurram Nasir, Roger S. Blumenthal, Martin Bodtker Mortensen, Seamus P. Whelton, Michael J. Blaha, Omar Dzaye
Summary: This article discusses the calcium density of coronary artery calcium (CAC), including CAC scan acquisition parameters, the pathophysiology of calcified plaques, and epidemiologic evidence relating calcium density to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) outcomes. Recent evidence demonstrates an inverse association between calcium density and lesion vulnerability as well as ASCVD risk.
JACC-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Gudrun Feuchtner, Sven Bleckwenn, Leon Stoessl, Fabian Plank, Christoph Beyer, Nikolaos Bonaros, Thomas Schachner, Thomas Senoner, Gerlig Widmann, Can Gollmann-Tepekoeylue, Johannes Holfeld, Wolfgang Dichtl, Fabian Barbieri
Summary: Patients with bicuspid aortic valve stenosis have lower coronary calcium and less severe coronary stenosis compared to those with tricuspid aortic valve stenosis. Majority of bicuspid aortic valve patients have no or non-obstructive coronary artery disease, while obstructive CAD is more frequently observed in tricuspid aortic valve patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Toshimitsu Tsugu, Kaoru Tanaka, Dries Belsack, Yuji Nagatomo, Mayuko Tsugu, Jean-Francois Argacha, Bernard Cosyns, Nico Buls, Michel De Maeseneer, Johan De Mey
Summary: In non-obstructive coronary artery disease, the decline of CT-derived fractional flow reserve (FFRCT) depends not only on vessel length but also on the lumen volume. A new marker, the ratio of lumen volume to vessel length (V/L ratio), was found to be the strongest predictor of distal FFRCT.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ashlee Jeffries, Benedict Costello, Wendy Corkill, Seeba Varghese, Hussam Tayeb, Celine Gallagher, Nicholas Clarke, Samuel J. Tu, Bradley M. Pitman, Nicole Hanna-Rivero, Donald D. Chang, Nimisha Manek, Nadarajah Kangaharan, Christopher X. Wong
Summary: The study included patients undergoing CTCA in Central Australia from 2013 to 2017, revealing higher MACE incidence rates in patients with coronary calcification and obstructive CAD. These factors were associated with increased risk of MACE.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Han-Young Jin, Jonathan R. Weir-McCall, Jonathon A. Leipsic, Jang-Won Son, Stephanie L. Sellers, Michael Shao, Philipp Blanke, Amir Ahmadi, Martin Hadamitzky, Yong-Jin Kim, Edoardo Conte, Daniele Andreini, Gianluca Pontone, Matthew J. Budoff, Ilan Gottlieb, Byoung Kwon Lee, Eun Ju Chun, Filippo Cademartiri, Erica Maffei, Hugo Marques, Pedio de Araujo Goncalves, Sanghoon Shin, Jung Hyun Choi, Renu Virmani, Habib Samady, Peter H. Stone, Daniel S. Berman, Jagat Narula, Leslee J. Shaw, Jeroen J. Bax, Kavitha Chinnaiyan, Gilbert Raff, Mouaz H. Al-Mallah, Fay Y. Lin, James K. Min, Ji Min Sung, Sang-Eun Lee, Hyuk-Jae Chang
Summary: The study found that calcified plaque volume is closely related to the progression of coronary artery disease, but this association becomes negative after accounting for baseline plaque volume. Conversely, the percentage of calcified plaque volume is an independent predictor of plaque volume reduction. High CPV is associated with major adverse cardiac events, while high PCPV is inversely related to adverse cardiac events.
JACC-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xueli Zhang, Kun Peng, Gang Li, Lidi Wan, Tingting Xu, Zhijun Cui, Fuxia Xiao, Li Li, Zhanju Liu, Lin Zhang, Guangyu Tang
Summary: This study investigated the characteristics of bone mineral density (BMD) and body compositions in young and middle-aged male patients with Crohn's disease (CD). The results showed that CD patients had lower BMD and bone geometric parameters compared to the control group. Additionally, Tb. BMD, VAT, Ct. Ar, and LM had significant effects on BMD reduction.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Lohendran Baskaran, Yu Pei Neo, Jing Kai Lee, Yeonyee Elizabeth Yoon, Yilin Jiang, Subhi J. Al'Aref, Alexander R. van Rosendael, Donghee Han, Fay Y. Lin, Rine Nakanishi, Pal Maurovich Horvat, Swee Yaw Tan, Todd C. Villines, Marcio S. Bittencourt, Leslee J. Shaw
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the CAD2 model in a mixed Asian cohort and found that CAC scoring provided significant incremental value in predicting obstructive CAD.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ilana Golub, Suvasini Lakshmanan, Suraj Dahal, Matthew J. Budoff
Summary: CAC is an important factor in determining ASCVD risk, guiding preventive treatments and potentially reducing the number needed to treat for one major cardiac event. The use of CAC in clinical settings and preventative therapy applications may provide cost-effective advantages and improve patient adherence.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Alexander C. Razavi, S. M. Iftekhar Uddin, Zeina A. Dardari, Daniel S. Berman, Matthew J. Budoff, Michael D. Miedema, Albert D. Osei, Olufunmilayo H. Obisesan, Khurram Nasir, Alan Rozanski, John A. Rumberger, Leslee J. Shaw, Laurence S. Sperling, Seamus P. Whelton, Martin Bodtker Mortensen, Michael J. Blaha, Omar Dzaye
Summary: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is associated with the risk of incident sudden cardiac death (SCD), particularly among primary prevention patients with low-intermediate risk. Stratification of SCD risk through CAC measurement can identify patients who are most likely to benefit from further downstream testing in the early stages of coronary heart disease (CHD).
JACC-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Wenji Yu, Bao Liu, Feifei Zhang, Jianfeng Wang, Xiaoliang Shao, Xiaoyu Yang, Yunmei Shi, Bing Wang, Yiduo Xu, Yuetao Wang
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between epicardial adipose tissue (EFV) and obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) in Chinese patients with suspected CAD. The results showed that EFV was significantly and positively associated with the risk of obstructive CAD, independent of traditional risk factors and coronary artery calcium.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Dale Black, Xingshuo Xiao, Sabee Molloi
Summary: The traditional Agatston scoring method for measuring coronary artery calcium has limitations due to its requirement of arbitrary thresholding. A new calcium quantification technique called integrated calcium mass was developed, which removes the need for thresholding and improves accuracy, reproducibility, and sensitivity. The results show that integrated calcium mass is more accurate, reproducible, and sensitive than Agatston scoring, and it is likely to improve risk stratification and outcome predictions for patients.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Suji Lee, Young Joo Suh, Kyungsun Nam, Kyeho Lee, Hye-Jeong Lee, Byoung Wook Choi
Summary: Among the three artery-based ordinal grading methods, the length-based method is identified as the most reliable for evaluating coronary artery calcium on non-electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated low-dose chest computed tomography (LDCT), showing highest inter-observer agreement and agreement with ECG-gated calcium scoring CT.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Mahmoud Mohamed, Maria Bosserdt, Viktoria Wieske, Benjamin Dubourg, Hatem Alkadhi, Mario J. Garcia, Sebastian Leschka, Elke Zimmermann, Abbas A. Shabestari, Bjarne L. Norgaard, Matthijs F. L. Meijs, Kristian A. Ovrehus, Axel C. P. Diederichsen, Juhani Knuuti, Bjrn A. Halvorsen, Vladymir Mendoza-Rodriguez, Yung-Liang Wan, Nuno Bettencourt, Eugenio Martuscelli, Ronny R. Buechel, Hans Mickley, Kai Sun, Simone Muraglia, Philipp A. Kaufmann, Bernhard A. Herzog, Jean-Claude Tardif, Georg M. Schuetz, Michael Laule, David E. Newby, Stephan Achenbach, Matthew Budoff, Robert Haase, Federico Biavati, Aldo Vasquez Mezquita, Peter Schlattmann, Marc Dewey
Summary: Combining coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) with coronary artery calcium (CAC) score can significantly improve the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). The addition of CAC score is particularly beneficial when CCTA alone is inconclusive.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chul-Hyun Park, Yong-Taek Lee, Kyung Jae Yoon
Summary: There is a limited understanding of the relationship between osteosarcopenia and coronary artery disease. This study aimed to investigate the association between osteosarcopenia and coronary artery calcification (CAC) scores in asymptomatic adults. The results showed that osteosarcopenia was independently associated with a higher prevalence of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Wenjia Wang, Lin Yang, Sicong Wang, Qiong Wang, Lei Xu
Summary: The study proposed an automated method for quantifying the Agatston CAC score from CCTA and found that it showed a high correlation with the standard Agatston CAC score obtained from non-contrast cardiac CT scans.
QUANTITATIVE IMAGING IN MEDICINE AND SURGERY
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Bibinaz Eghtedari, Sion K. K. Roy, Matthew J. J. Budoff
Summary: Chronic inflammation plays a key role in the progression of atherosclerotic disease, and targeting inflammation has been shown to halt the development of coronary artery disease. Specific anti-inflammatory therapies, such as colchicine, canakinumab, VIA-2291, and methotrexate, have demonstrated efficacy in inhibiting atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease progression. This review highlights the potential benefits of these anti-inflammatories, particularly for high-risk individuals already on optimal medical therapy.
CARDIOLOGY IN REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Harmony R. Reynolds, Ariel Diaz, Derek D. Cyr, Leslee J. Shaw, G. B. John Mancini, Jonathon Leipsic, Matthew J. Budoff, James K. Min, Cameron J. Hague, Daniel S. Berman, Bernard R. Chaitman, Michael H. Picard, Sean W. Hayes, Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie, Raymond Y. Kwong, Renato D. Lopes, Roxy Senior, Sudhanshu K. Dwivedi, Todd D. Miller, Benjamin J. W. Chow, Ramesh de Silva, Gregg W. Stone, William E. Boden, Sripal Bangalore, Sean M. O'Brien, Judith S. Hochman, David J. Maron
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of ischemia with nonobstructive coronary arteries (INOCA) among patients with at least moderate ischemia and the relationship between ischemia severity and non-obstructive atherosclerosis severity. The results showed that the prevalence of INOCA was 13% and there was no significant association between the severity of ischemia and the severity of nonobstructive atherosclerosis. Female sex was identified as an independent predictor of INOCA.
JACC-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
(2023)
Letter
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ruby Havistin, Suvasini Lakshmanan, Matthew J. Budoff
JACC-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ilana S. Golub, Orly G. Termeie, Stephanie Kristo, Lucia P. Schroeder, Suvasini Lakshmanan, Ahmed M. Shafter, Luay Hussein, Dhiran Verghese, Jairo Aldana-Bitar, Venkat S. Manubolu, Matthew J. Budoff
Summary: This review provides a summary of global guidelines on coronary artery calcium (CAC) for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk assessment in both clinical and preventive settings. The review compares recommendations from different cardiovascular societies worldwide and identifies common features. Although there are some differences in specific intervals and cut points, international guidelines emphasize the importance of CAC in both primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Understanding the similarities among international guidelines is crucial for clinicians to make informed decisions about personalized treatment.
JACC-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
(2023)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Matthew J. Budoff
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Harpreet S. S. Bhatia, Robyn L. L. McClelland, Julie Denenberg, Matthew J. J. Budoff, Matthew A. A. Allison, Michael H. H. Criqui
Summary: This study evaluated the association between coronary artery calcium (CAC) density and cardiovascular disease risk across different levels of CAC volume. The combination of CAC density and volume improved risk prediction for coronary heart disease. Higher density was associated with lower risk at volume ≤ 130 mm(3), suggesting a potentially clinically useful cut point. Further research is needed to integrate these findings into a unified CAC scoring method.
CIRCULATION-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
(2023)
Letter
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Charles Ginsberg, Andrew N. Hoofnagle, Ronit Katz, Jonathan H. Cheng, Simon Hsu, Matthew J. Budoff, Deborah M. Kado, Bryan Kestenbaum, David S. Siscovick, Erin D. Michos, Joachim H. Ix, Ian H. de Boer
CIRCULATION-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Anusha G. Bhat, Dhiran Verghese, Sri Harsha Patlolla, Alexander G. Truesdell, Wayne B. Batchelor, Timothy Henry, Robert J. Cubeddu, Matthew Budoff, Quang Bui, Peter Matthew Belford, David X. Zhao, Saraschandra Vallabhajosyula
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between different management strategies for ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA). The results showed that early percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and delayed PCI were associated with lower incidence and mortality of IHCA compared to medical management, but also resulted in more multiorgan damage and cardiogenic shock.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Mark G. Rabbat, Suvasini Lakshmanan, Mina M. Benjamin, Gheorghe Doros, April Kinninger, Matthew J. Budoff, Deepak L. Bhatt
Summary: The EVAPORATE trial demonstrated that IPE significantly reduced plaque burden. This study assessed the impact of IPE on coronary physiology using FFRCT. The results showed that IPE improved coronary distal segment FFRCT, providing mechanistic insight into the clinical benefit observed in the REDUCE-IT trial.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sophie E. van Rosendael, A. Maxim Bax, Fay Y. Lin, Stephan Achenbach, Daniele Andreini, Matthew J. Budoff, Filippo Cademartiri, Tracy Q. Callister, Kavitha Chinnaiyan, Benjamin J. W. Chow, Ricardo C. Cury, Augustin J. DeLago, Gudrun Feuchtner, Martin Hadamitzky, Joerg Hausleiter, Philipp A. Kaufmann, Yong-Jin Kim, Jonathon A. Leipsic, Erica Maffei, Hugo Marques, Pedro de Araujo Goncalves, Gianluca Pontone, Gilbert L. Raff, Ronen Rubinshtein, Todd C. Villines, Hyuk-Jae Chang, Daniel S. Berman, James K. Min, Jeroen J. Bax, Leslee J. Shaw, Alexander R. van Rosendael
Summary: This study found that women develop coronary atherosclerosis approximately 12 years later than men, and post-menopausal women in the highest atherosclerotic burden group have a significantly higher risk for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) compared to men.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Keishi Ichikawa, Shriraj Susarla, Matthew J. Budoff
Summary: Although the overall incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is declining in the United States, the incidence of ASCVD events in young adults is increasing. The use of coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores can improve ASCVD risk assessment, but is not recommended for universal screening in young adults.
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Ryan L. Wallace, Oluseye Ogunmoroti, Di Zhao, Dhananjay Vaidya, Amir Heravi, Eliseo Guallar, Chiadi E. Ndumele, Joao A. C. Lima, Pamela Ouyang, Matthew J. Budoff, Matthew Allison, Isac Thomas, Oluwaseun E. Fashanu, Ron Hoogeveen, Wendy S. Post, Erin D. Michos
Summary: This study examined the associations between urinary isoprostane levels and measures of plaque prevalence, burden, incidence, and progression in different vascular beds. The results showed inconsistent associations between urinary isoprostanes and subclinical atherosclerosis by imaging. Therefore, the urinary isoprostane levels may have limited prognostic value in the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).
ATHEROSCLEROSIS PLUS
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Patrick W. Serruys, Nozomi Kotoku, Bjarne L. Norgaard, Scot Garg, Koen Nieman, Marc R. Dweck, Jeroen J. Bax, Juhani Knuuti, Jagat Narula, Divaka Perera, Charles A. Taylor, Jonathon A. Leipsic, Edward D. Nicol, Nicolo Piazza, Carl J. Schultz, Kakuya Kitagawa, Bernard De Bruyne, Carlos Collet, Kaoru Tanaka, Saima Mushtaq, Marta Belmonte, Darius Dudek, Adriana Zlahoda-Huzior, Shengxian Tu, William Wijns, Faisal Sharif, Matthew J. Budoff, Johan de Mey, Daniele Andreini, Yoshinobu Onuma
Summary: Coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) has become the preferred investigation for determining the presence and haemodynamic significance of coronary artery disease. It can rule out atherosclerosis or detect subclinical plaque in patients without significant epicardial obstruction, and provide risk classification. For ischaemic non-obstructive coronary arteries, non-invasive imaging, including CCTA, is also expected. In patients with significant epicardial obstruction, CCTA can assist in planning revascularisation by determining disease complexity, vessel size, lesion length, tissue composition of the atherosclerotic plaque, and the best fluoroscopic viewing angle.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Pamela Pina, Daniel Lorenzatti, Rita Paula, Jonathan Daich, Aldo L. Schenone, Carlos Gongora, Mario J. Garcia, Michael J. Blaha, Matthew J. Budoff, Daniel S. Berman, Salim S. Virani, Leandro Slipczuk
Summary: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a ongoing epidemic, primarily caused by lipid abnormalities. Despite being asymptomatic, most individuals who experience a first ASCVD event do not receive preventative therapies. Risk calculators based on traditional risk factors have been the cornerstone of primary prevention, but they often misclassify individuals, resulting in ineffective use of lipid-lowering medication or missed opportunities for prevention. The development of coronary artery calcium scoring (CAC) and CT coronary angiography (CCTA) provide tools to visualize coronary plaque and guide personalized lipid management.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Anandita Agarwala, Jaideep Patel, Michael Blaha, Miguel Cainzos-Achirica, Khurram Nasir, Matthew Budoff
Summary: South Asian individuals, especially those in the United States and other Westernized countries, have a higher risk of ASCVD and ASCVD-related mortality. The use of coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring can improve risk stratification and the delivery of preventive therapies among South Asian individuals, as it is a cost-effective and highly reproducible marker of subclinical atherosclerosis.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2023)