Article
Food Science & Technology
Jeanne M. Davidsen, Samuel M. Cohen, Gerhard Eisenbrand, Shoji Fukushima, Nigel J. Gooderham, F. Peter Guengerich, Stephen S. Hecht, Ivonne M. C. M. Rietjens, Thomas J. Rosol, Christie L. Harman, Danarubini Ramanan, Sean Taylor
Summary: The Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) Expert Panel has re-evaluated the safety of Asafetida Oil (Ferula assa-foetida L.) FEMA 2108, Garlic Oil (Allium sativum L.) FEMA 2503, and Onion Oil (Allium cepa L.) FEMA 2817 as flavorings in food using a scientific procedure. The evaluation includes a complete chemical characterization of the natural flavor complexes (NFCs), evaluation of intake using the toxicological concern concept, and review of metabolic, genotoxic potential, and toxicology data. Based on the evaluation, these oils were affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRASa) for their intended use as flavor ingredients.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Krittika Srisuksai, Kongphop Parunyakul, Pitchaya Santativongchai, Narumon Phaonakrop, Sittiruk Roytrakul, Phitsanu Tulayakul, Wirasak Fungfuang
Summary: Crocodile oil is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, which have antioxidant and cognitive effects. This study investigated the effect of crocodile oil on antioxidant activity and cognitive function in rats. The results showed that crocodile oil significantly decreased triglyceride levels and had stronger free radical scavenging ability compared to olive oil. It also improved memory function in rats without causing a decline in cognitive function. Therefore, crocodile oil can be considered as an alternative dietary oil with hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Young-Hyeon Lee, Hye-Ran Kim, Min-Ho Yeo, Sung Chun Kim, Ho-Bong Hyun, Young-Min Ham, Yong-Hwan Jung, Hye-Sook Kim, Kyung-Soo Chang
Summary: This study analyzed the antioxidant and anti-obesity effects of Sargassum horneri (SH) and Ulva australis (UA) extracts prepared with 80% ethanol. The results showed that SH extracts had high free radical scavenging activity and total phenol content, while UA extracts had elevated total flavonoid content. In cell experiments and an obesity mouse model, these extracts inhibited adipocyte differentiation and reduced obesity symptoms.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Toshihiro Nohara, Yukio Fujiwara, Mona El-Aasr, Tsuyoshi Ikeda, Masateru Ono, Daisuke Nakano, Junei Kinjo
Summary: This paper reviewed the examination and characterization of sulfides in garlic, onion, and Welsh onion extracts, identified new sulfide structures, proposed hypothetical pathways for sulfide production, and demonstrated the antitumor effects of onionin A(1) on tumor proliferation and metastasis through activation of the antitumor immune system. These findings suggest that onionin A(1) could be an effective adjuvant therapy for osteosarcoma, ovarian cancer, and other malignant tumors.
JOURNAL OF NATURAL MEDICINES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Juan Liu, Xinrui Zhou, Chao Feng, Wenfang Zheng, Pu Chen, Xiaozhi Zhang, Peng Hou
Summary: In this study, a glucagon-modified liposome was designed as a targeted drug delivery system to deliver T3 to the liver and adipose tissues. The liposomes exhibited good properties and minimized the undesired cardiovascular and bone thyrotoxicity of T3. In obese mice, T3-loading glucagon-modified liposomes effectively decreased body weight, reversed hepatic steatosis, and corrected hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia without causing cardiovascular and bone thyrotoxicity.
ARCHIVES OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Karla Paiva Bocate, Alberto Goncalves Evangelista, Fernando Bittencourt Luciano
Summary: The study confirmed the effectiveness of garlic essential oil in inhibiting fungal growth and mycotoxin contamination in stored corn kernels. Although garlic essential oil showed potential in reducing mycotoxin production by fungi, it was unable to directly react with mycotoxins during simulated digestion.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sivanesan Raja Kumar, Elvy Suhana Mohd Ramli, Nurul Alimah Abdul Nasir, Nafeeza Mohd Ismail, Nur Azlina Mohd Fahami
Summary: The study found that oral administration of 125 mg/kg of PS methanolic extract to fructose-induced obese rats significantly ameliorated obesity and hyperlipidemia by suppressing adipocytes and inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase. PS has the potential to be used as an alternative or adjunct therapy for obesity and hyperlipidemia.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Neeraj Kumari, Manoj Kumar, Radha, Jose M. Lorenzo, Diksha Sharma, Sunil Puri, Ashok Pundir, Sangram Dhumal, Deep Jyoti Bhuyan, G. Jayanthy, Samy Selim, Basel A. Abdel-Wahab, Deepak Chandran, T. Anitha, Vishal P. Deshmukh, Ravi Pandiselvam, Abhijit Dey, Marisennayya Senapathy, Sureshkumar Rajalingam, Pran Mohankumar, John F. Kennedy
Summary: This review summarizes the various extraction techniques for polysaccharides from onion and garlic, as well as their structural and functional properties. It critically assesses the antioxidant, anticancer, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties of these polysaccharides. Studies have shown that onion and garlic polysaccharides have potential antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dawoud Sulaiman, Leo Sungwong Choi, Hyeong Min Lee, Jaejin Shin, Dong Hwan Kim, Keun Woo Lee, Pierre Eftekhari, Angelique Quartier, Hyung Soon Park, Srinivasa T. Reddy
Summary: Vutiglabridin is a synthetic small molecule in clinical development for the treatment of obesity. It was found to interact with PON1 and protect it from oxidative damage. In mouse experiments, Vutiglabridin treatment increased plasma PON1 levels and activity, suggesting post-transcriptional modulation of PON1 by Vutiglabridin.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Qionghua Long, Hongyan Chen, Wenhui Yang, Li Yang, Lijuan Zhang
Summary: The study found that Dp3-Sam can reduce body weight gain, visceral fat, and hepatic lipid deposits in rats, as well as improving lipid metabolism dysfunction. This indicates the potential of Dp3-Sam as a therapy for the prevention of obesity and dyslipidemia.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Yi-Ming Zhao, Meng-Xue Xiu, Jian Song, Yue Zhang, Xiao-Jing Shao, Xue-Hui Wang, Hyun-Sun Lee, Long Cui
Summary: This study confirmed that the crude extracts of Psoralea corylifolia seeds (PCE34) can reduce serum lipids and sugar levels, increase insulin, and decrease body weight in hyperlipidemic rats. Several new compounds were isolated from PCE34, and some showed inhibitory activity against specific enzymes.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Adnan Iqbal, Rahila Najam, Shabana Simjee, Azfar Athar Ishaqui, Salman Ashfaq Ahmad, Zeeshan Ahmed, Shayan Ahmed, Salman Ahmed, Lailoona Jaweed, Madiha Maboos, Mir Muhammad Uzairullah, Suleha Jabeen, Muhammad Imran
Summary: This study demonstrated that cepharanthine effectively reduced hyperlipidemia and obesity in an experimental rat model, showing significant improvement in serum lipid levels and liver histopathology.
SAUDI PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Shang Kong, Xingjun Huang, Hua Cao, Yan Bai, Qishi Che, Hong Nie, Zhengquan Su
Summary: This study demonstrates that galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) can inhibit obesity by accelerating browning of white fat cells and thermogenesis of brown fat cells, and improve host lipid homeostasis by promoting cholesterol catabolism.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Hendrik G. Mengers, Christina Schier, Martin Zimmermann, Martin C. H. Gruhlke, Eric Block, Lars M. Blank, Alan J. Slusarenko
Summary: A study used gentle secondary electrospray ionisation coupled Orbitrap mass spectrometry procedure (SESI-Orbitrap MS) to measure the gas phase concentration of evaporated allicin from a pure solution. Two major breakdown products of allicin were found. This technique can be used to track the chemistry of allicin, isoallin, and methiin in garlic, onion, and ramsons, as well as measure allicin and its metabolites in human breath after garlic consumption. The results are significant for analyzing sulfur-containing volatiles from Allium plants and capturing volatilomes of foodstuffs.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Hongmei Yang, Jiao Xie, Nanlan Wang, Qianqian Zhou, Yang Lu, Zihan Qu, Huiqun Wang
Summary: The study showed that MSS significantly reduced body weight and fat accumulation, and improved blood lipid levels in obese rats. MSS prevented and treated hyperlipidemia in obese rats by regulating the AMPK signaling pathway.
FOOD SCIENCE & NUTRITION
(2021)