Multi-objective fuzzy design of closed-loop supply chain network considering risks and environmental impact

Due to governmental, environmental, and economic concerns, the closed-loop supply chain network has attracted the attention of researchers. In this article, a multiproduct, multi-echelon, and multi-objective closed-loop supply chain network model in a fuzzy environment is proposed. The forward supply chain network includes raw material suppliers, virgin material suppliers, plants, distribution centers, and customer zones, while the reverse supply chain network is composed of customer zones, collection centers, refurbishing centers, dismantling centers, and decomposition centers. The objectives of this model are to minimize the total cost, waste, carbon dioxide, and risks. In order to solve the proposed model, a fuzzy multi-objective optimization method is used. A numerical example validates and verifies the practicability of the fuzzy model and solution method, and demonstrates the proposed model and method can be applied to solve real world problems.