4.8 Article

Graded Arrays of Spinal and Supraspinal V2a Interneuron Subtypes Underlie Forelimb and Hindlimb Motor Control

Journal

NEURON
Volume 97, Issue 4, Pages 869-+

Publisher

CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.01.023

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Funding

  1. NINDS R24 Core Grant from NEI [NIH-NCI CCSG: P30 014195]
  2. Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology Long-Term Student Support Program
  3. Timken-Sturgis Foundation
  4. U.S. National Research Service Award Fellowship from NIH NINDS
  5. George E. He-witt Foundation for Medical Research
  6. Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation
  7. Chapman Foundation
  8. Howard Hughes Medical Institute
  9. Sol Goldman Charitable Trust

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The spinal cord contains neural networks that enable regionally distinct motor outputs along the body axis. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how segment-specific motor computations are processed because the cardinal interneuron classes that control motor neurons appear uniform at each level of the spinal cord. V2a interneurons are essential to both forelimb and hindlimb movements, and here we identify two major types that emerge during development: type I neurons marked by high Chx10 form recurrent networks with neighboring spinal neurons and type II neurons that downregulate Chx10 and project to supraspinal structures. Types I and II V2a interneurons are arrayed in counter-gradients, and this network activates different patterns of motor output at cervical and lumbar levels. Single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed type I and II V2a neurons are each comprised of multiple subtypes. Our findings uncover a molecular and anatomical organization of V2a interneurons reminiscent of the orderly way motor neurons are divided into columns and pools.

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