Article
Food Science & Technology
Mariam Hull, Mered Pames, Joseph Jankovic
Summary: Opisthotonus is a condition characterized by abnormal trunk extension and arching due to excessive contractions of the paraspinal muscles. It is most commonly seen in children with dystonia secondary to hypoxic injury or other acquired and genetic causes. Treatment options include oral medications, muscle injections, and deep brain stimulation, although management in the pediatric population has not been systematically reviewed.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Elina Zakin, David M. Simpson
Summary: Task-specific focal dystonia is characterized by abnormal muscle contractions during specific tasks, such as writing or playing music. Treatment options are limited and often involve botulinum toxin injections. Studies show that a majority of patients experience improvement from toxin injections, but targeting specific muscles effectively remains a challenge for ongoing research.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Urban M. Fietzek, Devavrat Nene, Axel Schramm, Silke Appel-Cresswell, Zuzana Kosutzka, Uwe Walter, Joerg Wissel, Steffen Berweck, Sylvain Chouinard, Tobias Baeumer
Summary: Visualization of the human body, especially through the use of ultrasound (US) imaging, has become a well-established procedure for botulinum toxin therapy in people with cervical dystonia (CD). This technique allows safe injection of relevant muscles under visual US guidance and provides personalized treatment for patients with CD.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Supriyo Choudhury, Mark R. Baker, Suparna Chatterjee, Hrishikesh Kumar
Summary: Botulinum toxin has evolved from a treatment for strabismus to the first-line treatment for focal dystonia, with at least six FDA-approved formulations available for diverse indications. These formulations have varying toxo-pharmacological properties and should not be used interchangeably. Synthetic and non-clostridial sources of BoNT are also nearing clinical use, and studies on mutations in natural toxins have led to modifications in the toxo-pharmacokinetic properties of BoNTs.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Dongren Yao, Lena C. O'Flynn, Kristina Simonyan
Summary: DystoniaBoTXNet is a deep learning algorithm that identifies a neural network biomarker for predicting the efficacy of botulinum toxin treatment in patients with isolated dystonia, achieving high accuracy and fast computation.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Stefan Evers, Alexandra Buchheister, Doris Reichelt, Ingo W. Husstedt, Achim Frese
Summary: This study investigated the efficacy and safety of BTX treatment in HIV-infected patients. The results showed that BTX treatment was effective and well-tolerated in long-term use, with no interaction with antiretroviral treatment. Therefore, BTX treatment can be considered as an additional therapeutic option for HIV-infected patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Merete Bakke
Summary: The review discusses the medical treatments using botulinum neurotoxin in the orofacial region, focusing on dystonia and sialorrhea as the most common and safest indications for dentists. It emphasizes the importance of accurate diagnosis, precise injection targeting, measuring treatment effect, and oral health control to prevent side effects.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Dana Sugar, Roshni Patel, Cynthia Comella, David A. Gonzalez, Gabrielle Gray, Glenn T. Stebbins, Abhimanyu Mahajan
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of botulinum toxin on anxiety symptoms in patients with cervical dystonia. The results showed that botulinum toxin not only improved the severity of motor symptoms, but also reduced anxiety symptoms.
PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Ganesh Bavikatte, Jorge Jacinto, Thierry Deltombe, Joerg Wissel
Summary: This paper discusses how toxin services have coped with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and presents recommendations and best practices based on insights from experts and relevant literature. Strategies focus on assessing patients' health and urgency of treatment, caring for patients on botulinum toxin therapy during the pandemic, and utilizing technology to optimize treatment effectiveness and safety. The technological advancements prompted by the crisis have the potential to enhance future patient care.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Dirk Dressler, Fereshte Adib Saberi, Raymond L. Rosales
Summary: Botulinum toxin is widely used to treat muscle hyperactivity syndromes, with dystonia being one of the key indications. The peripheral paresis produced by BT injections into dystonic muscles is localized, controllable, and lasts around 3 months. Adverse effects are transient and mild, making long-term application safe and effective.
JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Matteo Costanzo, Daniele Belvisi, Isabella Berardelli, Annalisa Maraone, Viola Baione, Gina Ferrazzano, Carolina Cutrona, Giorgio Leodori, Massimo Pasquini, Antonella Conte, Giovanni Fabbrini, Giovanni Defazio, Alfredo Berardelli
Summary: Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) effectively improves non-motor symptoms in patients with cervical dystonia (CD), such as psychiatric disturbances, pain, and disability, while having no impact on sleep disorders. The motor and non-motor changes induced by BoNT-A show a similar time course, but are independent of each other.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Pavel Hok, Tomas Veverka, Petr Hlustik, Martin Nevrly, Petr Kanovsky
Summary: Intramuscular application of BoNT-A plays a crucial role in regulating plastic changes within the sensorimotor cortex, serving as an effective treatment for dystonic and spastic movement disorders. Studies utilizing electrophysiology and neuroimaging further enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology underlying these conditions and may lead to the development of novel treatment strategies based on neural plasticity.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Malgorzata Dec-Cwiek, Karolina Porebska, Katarzyna Sawczynska, Marcin Kubala, Magdalena Witkowska, Kinga Zmijewska, Jakub Antczak, Joanna Pera
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of kinesiology taping as an adjunct to botulinum toxin injections in patients with cervical dystonia. The results showed that kinesiology taping had no additional effect on the severity of dystonia, but it improved the quality of life in patients with CD. Further research is needed to explore the effect of kinesiology taping prior to botulinum toxin injections.
BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Massimo Marano, Antonio Suppa, Francesco Bono, Roberto Eleopra, Maria Concetta Altavista
Summary: This study presents the results of a survey conducted in Italy regarding the administration provisions of botulinum neurotoxin type A. The survey reveals a lack of standardized and shared administration protocols, leading to differences in public costs across different regions in Italy.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Andre Lee, Jabreel Al-Sarea, Eckart Altenmuller
Summary: The study found that for patients with musician's dystonia, BoTX dosage and inter-injection intervals show nonlinear changes with treatment duration, while the number of injected muscles continues to increase. Two distinct subgroups were identified, with the low-BoTX group showing improvement in symptoms with continued treatment. This indicates a potential relationship between treatment response and BoTX dosages in patients with task-specific dystonias.
