Article
Geography, Physical
Maximillian Van Wyk de Vries, Emi Ito, Matias Romero, Mark Shapley, Guido Brignone
Summary: Climatic variability in the Southern Hemisphere is controlled by the Southern Annular Mode and shifts in the Southern Westerly Wind belt. This study analyzes a 5000-year sedimentation record from Lago Argentino in Patagonia, and finds significant centennial periodicities associated with the Southern Annular Mode.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
L. A. Villacis, P. I. Moreno, I. Vilanova, C. A. Henriquez, W. I. Henriquez, R. P. Villa-Martinez, E. A. Sepulveda-Zuniga, N. I. Maidana
Summary: Conflicting interpretations of the evolution of the Southern Westerly Winds (SWW) in southwestern Patagonia have led to the need for new approaches and indicators to study paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic changes. A diatom record from Lago Cipreses provides evidence of changes in hydroclimate and SWW intensity over different time periods. The study emphasizes the importance of variations in SWW influence on terrestrial and aquatic environments.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Wei Yu, Yimin Liu, Lianlian Xu, Guoxiong Wu, Song Yang, Dake Chen, Xiu-Qun Yang, Chundi Hu, Bian He
Summary: Using observational analysis and numerical experiments, researchers have found that the dipole mode of spring surface wind speed over the Tibetan Plateau can trigger subsequent winter El Nino-Southern Oscillation events. This is achieved through the negative sensible heating-baroclinic structure over the western TP, which affects the westerly wind anomalies over the tropical western Pacific, favoring the occurrence of El Nino events.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Rishav Goyal, Alex Sen Gupta, Martin Jucker, Matthew H. England
Summary: The Southern Hemisphere surface westerlies play a significant role in controlling regional climate patterns, ocean circulation, and carbon uptake. Research based on CMIP5, CMIP6, and reanalysis data reveals historical and projected changes in Southern Hemisphere westerly winds, including a reduction in poleward shift and an increase in wind intensity under high emission scenarios.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Stephen J. Roberts, Robert D. McCulloch, Joseph F. Emmings, Sarah J. Davies, Wim Van Nieuwenhuyze, Mieke Sterken, Katrien Heirman, Jeroen Van Wichelen, Carolina Diaz, Evelien Van de Vyver, Alex Whittle, Wim Vyverman, Dominic A. Hodgson, Elie Verleyen
Summary: Multi-proxy analyses on sediment cores from Lago Pato provide insights into glacier dynamics and lake-level change in the TdP and ultima Esperanza region over the last 30,000 years. The study reveals the formation of a deep ice-dammed palaeolake, fluctuations in lake levels, and the impact of regional climate shifts on the lake ecology.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
M. Jucker, R. Goyal
Summary: Southern Hemisphere Stratospheric Warming Events (SWEs) are usually associated with a negative phase of the tropospheric Southern Annular Mode (SAM) during the following summer. However, through ensemble climate model simulations, it is shown that these SWEs can cause periods of positive tropospheric SAM in austral spring by increasing lower stratospheric static stability and changing troposphere-to-stratosphere wave propagation. Eventually, the tropospheric SAM switches sign to its negative phase in late spring/early summer due to the downward propagation of the stratospheric signal, which is forced dynamically and radiatively by adiabatic heating and increased shortwave absorption by ozone, respectively.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Changlin Chen, Guihua Wang
Summary: The study used a fully coupled climate model to investigate the changes in Southern Ocean upwelling patterns during the last glacial maximum (LGM) and early deglaciation. It found that during the LGM, there was an equatorward shift in upwelling, while during the early deglaciation, there was a poleward shift, primarily driven by variations in the eddy-induced meridional overturning circulation (MOC).
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yuqiong Zheng, Shangfeng Chen, Wen Chen, Bin Yu
Summary: This study evaluated the ability of 35 climate models to reproduce the connection between boreal spring Arctic Oscillation (AO) and its following winter El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Models with positive AO-ENSO correlations showed different climate feedback mechanisms in various seasons, while models with negative AO-ENSO connections failed to reproduce certain atmospheric anomalies over the North Pacific.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Ewa M. Bednarz, Daniele Visioni, Jadwiga H. Richter, Amy H. Butler, Douglas G. MacMartin
Summary: The study analyzes the impacts of Stratospheric Aerosol Injection (SAI) strategies on the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) using the Community Earth System Model. The results show that the SAM response is primarily dependent on the latitude of injection, with northern and equatorial injections driving a positive phase of SAM and southern injections driving a negative phase of SAM.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Carolina Gomez-Fontealba, Valentina Flores-Aqueveque, Stephane Christophe Alfaro
Summary: The Southern Westerly Wind (SWW) belt is a crucial atmospheric feature in the Southern Hemisphere, controlling precipitation rates in Patagonia and experiencing notable seasonality and interannual-to-decadal variations. This study examines the influence of large-scale variability modes, such as ENSO and PDO, on the SWW in southwestern Patagonia. The results confirm the relationship between strong winds and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), as well as the significant impact of PDO on temporal variations of strong winds.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Lirong You, Xiaoxiao Tan, Youmin Tang
Summary: In this study, deep learning techniques were used to develop a new parameterization scheme for Westerly wind bursts (WWBs), which showed better capability in reproducing WWBs characteristics compared to previous schemes. The improvement was particularly significant in El Niño years, especially in strong events. It is expected that the new parameterization scheme will enhance ENSO prediction in dynamical models.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yi-Kai Wu, Chi-Cherng Hong, Tim Li, An-Yi Huang
Summary: This study investigates the impact of multiple timescale wind fields on westerly wind bursts (WWBs) during the onset of super and regular El Nino events. The findings suggest that extreme WWBs during the onset of super El Ninos are primarily caused by low-frequency westerly (LFW) components, while regular El Ninos are determined by medium-frequency westerly (MFW) and high-frequency westerly (HFW) components. The study also reveals that LFWs during super El Ninos are a response to positive sea surface temperature anomalies in the tropical to eastern North Pacific, resembling the Pacific Meridional Mode (PMM), while MFWs are associated with the Madden-Julian Oscillation.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
O. Morgenstern
Summary: The analysis of CMIP6 simulations reveals that the trends in the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) are primarily attributed to ozone depletion, with seasonal variations due to the influences of greenhouse gas increases and stratospheric ozone changes. Models with interactive ozone chemistry show significant differences in attributing SAM changes to these influences compared to models without interactive chemistry.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Qiuyan Zhang, Yang Zhang, Zhaohua Wu
Summary: Using the ensemble empirical mode decomposition method, this study investigates the multiple timescales of the southern annular mode (SAM) and identifies the importance of longer-timescale variabilities, especially the cross-seasonal variability, for the persistence of SAM. The study also shows that the cross-seasonal variability of SAM is associated with extratropical air-sea interaction.
Article
Ecology
Veronica Pancotto, David Holl, Julio Escobar, Maria Florencia Castagnani, Lars Kutzbach
Summary: Vascular plant-dominated cushion bogs in the Southern Hemisphere exhibit high productivity and carbon sequestration potential, but may experience reduced carbon dioxide uptake in response to elevated temperatures under future climate conditions.
Article
Paleontology
Thomas L. Newton, W. Roland Gehrels, Ralph M. Fyfe, Tim J. Daley
Summary: Proxy records of past sea-level change provide valuable information for extending sea-level histories into the pre-industrial period, especially in regions with limited sea-level data. The use of multi-proxy approaches, combining different micro-organisms, can improve the accuracy of sea-level reconstructions. In this study, surface foraminifera, testate amoebae, and diatoms from a salt marsh in East Falkland were utilized to reconstruct sea-level changes, with the combined multi-proxy regression model showing comparable reconstructive precision to the best single-proxy model.
MARINE MICROPALEONTOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
J. Loisel, A. Gallego-Sala, M. J. Amesbury, G. Magnan, G. Anshari, D. W. Beilman, J. C. Benavides, J. Blewett, P. Camill, D. J. Charman, S. Chawchai, A. Hedgpeth, T. Kleinen, A. Korhola, D. Large, C. A. Mansilla, J. Muller, S. van Bellen, J. B. West, Z. Yu, J. L. Bubier, M. Garneau, T. Moore, A. B. K. Sannel, S. Page, M. Valiranta, M. Bechtold, V Brovkin, L. E. S. Cole, J. P. Chanton, T. R. Christensen, M. A. Davies, F. De Vleeschouwer, S. A. Finkelstein, S. Frolking, M. Galka, L. Gandois, N. Girkin, L. Harris, A. Heinemeyer, A. M. Hoyt, M. C. Jones, F. Joos, S. Juutinen, K. Kaiser, T. Lacourse, M. Lamentowicz, T. Larmola, J. Leifeld, A. Lohila, A. M. Milner, K. Minkkinen, P. Moss, B. D. A. Naafs, J. Nichols, J. O'Donnell, R. Payne, M. Philben, S. Piilo, A. Quillet, A. S. Ratnayake, T. P. Roland, S. Sjogersten, O. Sonnentag, G. T. Swindles, W. Swinnen, J. Talbot, C. Treat, A. C. Valach, J. Wu
Summary: Peatlands are influenced by climate and land use changes, impacting the carbon cycle. While there is a shift predicted from carbon sink to source this century, peatlands are still overlooked in major Earth system models and integrated assessment models for future climate change projections. This study emphasizes the importance of including peatland science in research agendas to better understand the nexus between peatland carbon dynamics and climate change.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Kirill Babeshko, Anna Shkurko, Andrey N. Tsyganov, Elena E. Severova, Mariusz Galka, Richard J. Payne, Dmitri Mauquoy, Natalia G. Mazei, Yulia A. Fatynina, Elena D. Krasnova, Damir A. Saldaev, Dmitry A. Voronov, Elya Zazovskaya, Yuri A. Mazei
Summary: This study provides a new multi-proxy reconstruction of regional vegetation changes and peatland development in northeastern Fennoscandia during most of the Holocene. The research indicates that the vegetation cover in the area mainly resembled the northern taiga zone, with significant impact from recurring fires. Since 600 cal. yr. BP, the peatland and surrounding vegetation have reached a relatively stable state with minor changes.
Article
Oceanography
Thomas Frederikse, Surendra Adhikari, Tim J. Daley, Sonke Dangendorf, Roland Gehrels, Felix Landerer, Marta Marcos, Thomas L. Newton, Graham Rush, Aimee B. A. Slangen, Guy Woppelmann
Summary: The study combines new and existing observations to determine that the sea-level rise trend in the South Atlantic Ocean during the 20th century likely ranged between 1.1 and 2.2 mm per year, with a central estimate of 1.6 mm per year. Both observations and physical processes indicate that the South Atlantic experienced sea-level rise about 0.3 mm per year above the global mean, attributed to factors such as ocean dynamics and ice mass loss.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Thomas Theurer, David K. Muirhead, David Jolley, Dmitri Mauquoy
Summary: This study explores the novel assessment of Raman spectroscopy as a method for interpreting paleowildfire burning intensity. The study found the best correlations between thermal maturity and D-band full-width at half-maximum (D-FWHM) and the D-/G-band full-width at half-maximum ratio (D-FWHM/G-FWHM) for assessing changes in paleowildfire intensity, with other parameters commonly applied to Raman studies of charcoal being influenced by non-linearity. Further analysis of precursor material on charcoal microstructure and consideration of parameters used in Raman spectroscopy are necessary for understanding prehistoric and modern wildfire intensity.
PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Britta J. L. Jensen, Lauren J. Davies, Connor Nolan, Sean Pyne-O'Donnell, Alistair J. Monteath, Vera Ponomareva, Maxim Portnyagin, Robert Booth, Marcus Bursik, Eliza Cook, Gill Plunkett, James W. Vallance, Yan Luo, Les C. Cwynar, Paul Hughes, D. Graham Pearson
Summary: Researchers developed the first composite tephrostratigraphic framework covering the last approximately 14,000 years in northeastern North America, identifying 21 new tephra. New age estimates for the described tephra were provided through Bayesian age modeling, showcasing the importance of northeastern North America in providing transcontinental linkages and insights into ash distribution.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Geology
Alistair Monteath, Paul Hughes, Matthew Cooper, Dulcinea Groff, Rob Scaife, Dominic Hodgson
Summary: This study examined the changes in the Southern Hemisphere westerly wind belt over the past 16,000 to 6,500 years using a peat sequence in the Falkland Islands. The research findings indicate a southward shift in the latitude of the wind belt during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, which is linked to atmospheric temperature changes.
Article
Geography, Physical
Harm Smeenge, Annemieke Kooijman, Otto Brinkkemper, Hans de Mars, Dmitri Mauquoy, Bas van Geel
Summary: Alkaline fens are important habitats for endangered plant species. Analysis indicates that human activities were the main cause for the accumulation of organic material and peat growth.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Samuel M. Hudson, Ben Pears, David Jacques, Thierry Fonville, Paul Hughes, Inger Alsos, Lisa Snape, Andreas Lang, Antony Brown
Summary: The construction and habitation of the Stonehenge Landscape during the Neolithic and Bronze Age has been extensively studied. However, little is known about the pre-Neolithic activity and whether the later monumental complex occupied an empty landscape. This study presents new evidence from the Blick Mead site complex, showing continuity between Late Mesolithic hunter-gatherer activity and Neolithic monument builders, and highlighting the importance of the landscape for both groups.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Thomas Theurer, Noemi Naszarkowski, David K. Muirhead, David Jolley, Dmitri Mauquoy
Summary: Charcoal geothermometry has great potential in studying ancient wildfires and understanding modern wildfire intensification. Recent developments in Raman spectroscopy have shown the capability to reconstruct palaeocharcoal formation temperature and wildfire pyrolysis intensity. Accurate quantification of modern wildfire temperatures using Raman-charcoal analysis has not been attempted. The analysis of natural wildfire charcoals using Raman band width-ratios and geothermometric trends has identified differences in microstructurally-derived fire temperatures compared to those recorded during the fire event. However, the complexity of natural fire systems makes it difficult to determine the dominant influence on these differences.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Francis M. Rowney, Ralph M. Fyfe, Philip Anderson, Robert Barnett, William Blake, Tim Daley, Katie Head, Alison MacLeod, Ian Matthews, David N. Smith
Summary: This study examines the ecological conditions and disturbance regimes in the Exmoor region of the UK over the past 7700 years. The results demonstrate that drainage and high-intensity grazing in the 19th century significantly altered the local ecosystem, leading to the loss of certain species. The study also provides a range of reference conditions, suggesting that the moorland has been influenced by land management changes for millennia.
BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Samuel M. Hudson, Clive Waddington, Ben Pears, Natalie Ellis, Luke Parker, Derek Hamilton, Inger Greve Alsos, Paul Hughes, Antony Brown
Summary: Hunter-gatherers entering the British peninsula during the ice retreat took advantage of a rapidly changing environment. Recent research has focused on several areas in the Swale-Ure Washlands that contain well-preserved environmental records. This study examines the Late Glacial to Early Holocene environment of Killerby Quarry in North Yorkshire through multiple proxies, revealing the resource-rich landscape that attracted hunter-gatherer settlements.
JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Thomas G. Sim, Graeme T. Swindles, Paul J. Morris, Andy J. Baird, Angela V. Gallego-Sala, Yuwan Wang, Maarten Blaauw, Philip Camill, Michelle Garneau, Mark Hardiman, Julie Loisel, Minna Valiranta, Lysanna Anderson, Karina Apolinarska, Femke Augustijns, Liene Aunina, Joannie Beaulne, Premysl Bobek, Werner Borken, Nils Broothaerts, Qiao-Yu Cui, Marissa A. Davies, Ana Ejarque, Michelle Farrell, Ingo Feeser, Angelica Feurdean, Richard E. Fewster, Sarah A. Finkelstein, Marie-Jose Gaillard, Mariusz Gaika, Liam Heffernan, Renske Hoevers, Miriam Jones, Teemu Juselius-Rajamaki, Edgar Karofeld, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Atte Korhola, Dmitri Kupriyanov, Malin E. Kylander, Terri Lacourse, Mariusz Lamentowicz, Martin Lavoie, Geoffrey Lemdahl, Dominika Lucow, Gabriel Magnan, Alekss Maksims, Claudia A. Mansilla, Katarzyna Marcisz, Elena Marinova, Paul J. H. Mathijssen, Dmitri Mauquoy, Yuri A. Mazei, Natalia Mazei, Julia McCarroll, Robert D. McCulloch, Alice M. Milner, Yannick Miras, Fraser J. G. Mitchell, Elena Novenko, Nicolas Pelletier, Matthew C. Peros, Sanna R. Piilo, Louis-Martin Pilote, Guillaume Primeau, Damien Rius, Vincent Robin, Mylene Robitaille, Thomas P. Roland, Eleonor Ryberg, A. Britta K. Sannel, Karsten Schittek, Gabriel Servera-Vives, William Shotyk, Michal Slowinski, Normunds Stivrins, Ward Swinnen, Gareth Thompson, Alexei Tiunov, Andrey N. Tsyganov, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Gert Verstraeten, Tuomo Wallenius, Julia Webb, Debra Willard, Zicheng Yu, Claudio Zaccone, Hui Zhang
Summary: Northern peatlands store globally-important amounts of carbon, but drying and land-use change may increase fire frequency and carbon loss. Our study reveals regional variation in peatland burning during the Holocene, with long-term trends driven mostly by climate and human activities. Peatland burning has declined in some areas since the Little Ice Age, possibly due to fire-suppression policies and landscape fragmentation. However, widespread drying and degradation of peatlands have increased their vulnerability to burning in recent centuries.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Katarzyna Marcisz, Zdzislaw Belka, Jolanta Dopieralska, Michal Jakubowicz, Monika Karpinska-Kolaczek, Piotr Kolaczek, Dmitri Mauquoy, Michal Slowinski, Mateusz Zielinski, Mariusz Lamentowicz
Summary: In the past decade, neodymium isotopes have been increasingly used as a tracer of dust influx associated with changes in the Holocene atmospheric circulation. However, the understanding of the sources of sediment supplied to peatlands remains incomplete. This study used neodymium isotopes to reconstruct environmental disturbances in peatlands and found a link between these disturbances and the neodymium isotope signals.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Helen Mackay, Gill Plunkett, Britta J. L. Jensen, Thomas J. Aubry, Christophe Corona, Woon Mi Kim, Matthew Toohey, Michael Sigl, Markus Stoffel, Kevin J. Anchukaitis, Christoph Raible, Matthew S. M. Bolton, Joseph G. Manning, Timothy P. Newfield, Nicola Di Cosmo, Francis Ludlow, Conor Kostick, Zhen Yang, Lisa Coyle McClung, Matthew Amesbury, Alistair Monteath, Paul D. M. Hughes, Pete G. Langdon, Dan Charman, Robert Booth, Kimberley L. Davies, Antony Blundell, Graeme T. Swindles
Summary: The eruption of Mount Churchill in Alaska in 852/3 CE was one of the largest volcanic events of the first millennium. It had a significant impact on atmospheric cooling, but its broader effects on climate and society are still uncertain. The study suggests that the estimated climate forcing potential of the eruption may have been underestimated, highlighting the need for greater understanding of the role of halogens and volcanic ash in eruption climate forcing potential. Additionally, the comparison of paleoenvironmental records from peatlands reveals that there were no long-term climatic or societal impacts beyond the immediate eruption area.
CLIMATE OF THE PAST
(2022)