Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Negin Parsamanesh, Arghavan Asghari, Saeed Sardari, Aida Tasbandi, Tannaz Jamialahmadi, Suowen Xu, Amirhossein Sahebkar
Summary: Resveratrol (RSV), a naturally occurring bioactive polyphenol found in grapes and red wine, modulates various events involved in endothelial dysfunction through multiple molecular targets, displaying endothelial protective effects.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Panagiotis Theofilis, Marios Sagris, Evangelos Oikonomou, Alexios S. Antonopoulos, Konstantinos Tsioufis, Dimitris Tousoulis
Summary: This article provides an overview of platelet research advancements and their importance in human health and disease. It summarizes the structural and functional characteristics of platelets and focuses on platelet activation processes. Additionally, it discusses potential molecular mechanisms involving inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and miRs. The article also presents available antiplatelet agents and drugs currently under investigation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marta Brambilla, Maria Talmon, Paola Canzano, Luigia G. Fresu, Sandra Brunelleschi, Elena Tremoli, Marina Camera
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of microvesicles derived from platelets and monocytes on endothelial function, and found that platelet-derived microvesicles can impair endothelial function in the acute phase.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Diptimayee Das, Nagainallur Ravichandran Shruthi, Antara Banerjee, Ganesan Jothimani, Asim K. K. Duttaroy, Surajit Pathak
Summary: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and is characterized by obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, endothelial dysfunction, and platelet hyperactivity. The incidence of MetS is rising globally, requiring a comprehensive approach for identification and treatment. Lifestyle modification should be the first-line therapy, although pharmacological, nutraceutical, and other interventions may also be necessary. This review aims to provide information on the etiology, molecular mechanisms, and dietary strategies for managing hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and platelet dysfunction in individuals with MetS.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rachel L. Washburn, Karl Mueller, Gurvinder Kaur, Tanir Moreno, Naima Moustaid-Moussa, Latha Ramalingam, Jannette M. Dufour
Summary: Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disease affecting one-third of the United States population, characterized by hyperglycemia. For patients with Type 1 diabetes, C-peptide may have potential therapeutic effects on various complications.
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Joanne Michelle D. Gomez, Katherine VanHise, Nina Stachenfeld, Jessica L. Chan, Noel Bairey Merz, Chrisandra Shufelt
Summary: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects approximately 6%-10% of women worldwide, with features of hyperandrogenism, irregular menses, infertility, and polycystic appearing ovaries on ultrasound. PCOS is also associated with endocrine and metabolic disorders that increase the risk for subclinical cardiovascular disease.
FERTILITY AND STERILITY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Ziqi Jiang, Xiaoran Jiang, Aijun Chen, Wenyan He
Summary: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease driven by abnormal immune responses and characterized by the activation of Th1, Th17, Th22 cells, and cytokine secretion. Psoriasis patients are at an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is known as a comorbidity of psoriasis. Platelets, as mediators of hemostasis and thromboinflammation, play a crucial role in CVD. However, the pathophysiological contribution of platelet activation to psoriasis and psoriasis-associated CVD is not well understood. Understanding the role of platelet activation in psoriasis may improve the prediction of cardiovascular risk and contribute to new strategies for managing psoriasis and reducing the burden of associated CVD.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Cristina Elena Savencu, Adina Linta, Gianina Farcas, Anca Mihaela Bina, Octavian Marius Cretu, Daniel Claudiu Malita, Danina Mirela Muntean, Adrian Sturza
Summary: Caloric restriction (CR) and intermittent fasting (IF) are dietary strategies that promote health benefits by interfering with mechanisms that lead to cardiovascular diseases. Both approaches can decrease body weight, insulin resistance, blood pressure, lipids, and inflammation. They improve mitochondrial function, reduce oxidative stress, and enhance cardiac and vascular function. Further clinical studies are needed to evaluate long-term safety.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Federico De Leonardis, Gaia Colalillo, Enrico Finazzi Agro, Roberto Miano, Andrea Fuschi, Anastasios D. Asimakopoulos
Summary: Erectile dysfunction is a common condition, mainly caused by vascular factors and endothelial dysfunction, which has a close connection with cardiovascular disease. Early detection of ED can help prevent cardiovascular risks. Therefore, patients presenting with ED should undergo cardiac assessment and treatment.
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Jiyuan Piao, Jeong Seop Park, Dae Yeon Hwang, Hyun Sook Hong, Youngsook Son
Summary: The study investigated the protective effects of Substance P (SP) on thoracic aortic injury, finding that SP induced anti-inflammatory responses in TAI rats by enriching anti-inflammatory M2 monocytes and suppressing proinflammatory responses, ultimately preventing aortic dissection.
TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Josko Bozic, Marko Kumric, Tina Ticinovic Kurir, Ivan Males, Josip A. Borovac, Dinko Martinovic, Marino Vilovic
Summary: The text discusses the crucial role of adropin in cardiovascular diseases and its protective function in endothelium, highlighting the correlation between plasma levels of adropin and disease progression, suggesting adropin may serve as a future biomarker. Further well-designed studies are needed to determine the therapeutic potential of adropin in this context.
Article
Microbiology
Jose I. Bernardino, Belen Alejos, Javier Rodriguez-Centeno, Andres Esteban-Cantos, Beatriz Mora-Rojas, Rocio Montejano, Rosa De Miguel, Marta Montero-Alonso, Oskar Ayerdi, Cristina Hernandez-Gutierrez, Adria Curran, Jose R. Arribas, Berta Rodes
Summary: This study investigated the association between blood telomere length (TL), epigenetic age acceleration (EAA), soluble inflammatory monocyte cytokines and cardiovascular events or diabetes in people living with HIV. The results showed no significant associations between TL, EAA, and monocyte cytokines with cardiometabolic events. TL and EAA were mildly negatively correlated with sCD14 and CCL2/MCP-1. Further research is needed to determine the clinical value of epigenetic biomarkers and TL in PLHIV.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Erik Ehinger, Yanal Ghosheh, Akula Bala Pramod, Juan Lin, David B. Hanna, Karin Mueller, Christopher P. Durant, Livia Baas, Qibin Qi, Tao Wang, Konrad Buscher, Kathryn Anastos, Jason M. Lazar, Wendy J. Mack, Phyllis C. Tien, Mardge H. Cohen, Igho Ofotokun, Stephen Gange, Sonya L. Heath, Howard N. Hodis, Russell P. Tracy, Alan L. Landay, Robert C. Kaplan, Klaus Ley
Summary: Persistent inflammation during virally suppressed chronic HIV infection contributes to cardiovascular disease development, with classical blood monocytes remaining activated and serving as a major source of pro-inflammatory factors. Statin therapy may benefit women living with HIV by reducing inflammation levels.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kun Huang, Hanjoong Jo, Jing Echesabal-Chen, Alexis Stamatikos
Summary: The study shows that treating iMAEC with LXR agonist GW3965 or RXR agonist SR11237 alone significantly increases ABCA1 protein expression, while treatment with 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol or 9-cis-retinoic acid alone does not have the same effect. Furthermore, combining these agonists leads to increased ABCA1 protein expression and apoAI-mediated cholesterol efflux in iMAEC without triggering an inflammatory response, suggesting a promising atheroprotective approach.
Article
Hematology
Christina C. Rolling, Marcin A. Sowa, Tricia T. T. Wang, MacIntosh Cornwell, Khrystyna Myndzar, Tamar Schwartz, Hanane El Bannoudi, Jill Buyon, Tessa J. Barrett, Jeffrey S. Berger
Summary: Monocyte-platelet aggregates (MPAs) play a role in the intersection of thrombosis and inflammation, and targeting this axis could suppress thromboinflammation. The effect of platelets on monocyte activation and the impact of antiplatelet therapy (APT) on MPA and platelet-induced monocyte activation were analyzed.
THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Emer P. Doheny, Matthew Flood, Silke Ryan, Cormac McCarthy, Orla 'Carroll, Conall 'Seaghdha, Patrick W. Mallon, Eoin R. Feeney, Vera M. Keatings, Moya Wilson, Niall Kennedy, Avril Gannon, Colin Edwards, Madeleine M. Lowery
Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, a remote monitoring system was used to monitor physiological measures of patients after hospital discharge, such as pulse oxygen saturation, heart rate, and breathlessness. These data can help understand how symptoms change over time in COVID-19 patients, and predict clinical deterioration for early intervention.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INFORMATICS
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Heiner Wedemeyer, Tammo L. Tergast, Jeffrey V. Lazarus, Homie Razavi, Kostas Bakoyannis, Ricardo Baptista-Leite, Marco Bartoli, Philip Bruggmann, Cristian-Silviu Busoi, Maria Buti, Manuel Carballo, Laurent Castera, Massimo Colombo, Rodrigo Sousa Coutinho, Yuval Dadon, Gamal Esmat, Rafael Esteban, Joan Colom Farran, Mark Gillyon-Powell, David Goldberg, Sharon Hutchinson, Harry L. A. Janssen, George Kalamitsis, Loreta A. Kondili, John S. Lambert, Rui Tato Marinho, Mojca Maticic, Aldo Patricello, Markus Peck-Radosavljevic, Stanislas Pol, Mario Poljak, Cora Pop, Tomislov Sokol, Vana Sypsa, Nurdan Tozun, Zobair Younossi, Alessio Aghemo, George V. Papatheodoridis, Angelos Hatzakis
Summary: In 2016, the Hepatitis B and C Public Policy Association (HepBCPPA) launched the HCV Elimination Manifesto, calling for the elimination of HCV in the EU by 2030. Although progress has been made, most countries are not on track to reach the elimination targets. The COVID-19 pandemic has also hindered efforts, resulting in a decrease in HCV diagnoses and treatment initiations. It is crucial to reinforce action and gain commitment from policymakers to achieve HCV elimination.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Luxsena Sukumaran, Ken M. Kunisaki, Nicholas Bakewell, Alan Winston, Patrick W. G. Mallon, Nicki Doyle, Jane Anderson, Marta Boffito, Lewis Haddow, Frank A. Post, Jaime H. Vera, Memory Sachikonye, Caroline A. Sabin
Summary: HIV patients have a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases, which may be attributed to inflammation and immune activation. Three distinct inflammatory profiles were identified, and their associations with cardiovascular disease risk were assessed. The results showed that HIV patients with gut/immune activation and neurovascular inflammation profiles had higher cardiovascular disease risk compared to those with relatively low inflammation.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Neil E. Wrigley Kelly, Conor De Barra, Ferrah Shaamile, Aisling Holland, Liam Shaw, Patrick W. G. Mallon, Jean O'Connell, Andrew E. Hogan, Donal O'Shea
Summary: People with obesity who have completed a primary course of ChAdOx1 COVID-19 vaccination have robust, durable, and functional antigen-specific T cell immunity that is comparable to that seen in people without obesity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Carl J. Fichtenbaum, Patrick Mallon
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Areti Angeliki Veroniki, Andrea C. Tricco, Jennifer Watt, Sofia Tsokani, Paul A. Khan, Charlene Soobiah, Ahmed Negm, Amanda Doherty-Kirby, Paul Taylor, Carole Lunny, Jessie McGowan, Julian Little, Patrick Mallon, David Moher, Sabrina Wong, Jacqueline Dinnes, Yemisi Takwoingi, Lynora Saxinger, Adrienne Chan, Wanrudee Isaranuwatchai, Bryn Lander, Adrienne Meyers, Guillaume Poliquin, Sharon E. Straus
Summary: This study aimed to determine the most sensitive and specific rapid test for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 through a rapid review and diagnostic test accuracy network meta-analysis. The results showed that rapid molecular tests had high sensitivity and specificity, while rapid antigen tests were mainly associated with high specificity.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Kevin Purves, Ruth Haverty, Tiina O'Neill, David Folan, Sophie O'Reilly, Alan W. Baird, Dimitri Scholz, Patrick W. Mallon, Virginie Gautier, Michael Folan, Nicola F. Fletcher
Summary: ViruSAL, a novel proprietary formulation, has been shown to effectively inhibit diverse enveloped viral infections in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we evaluated the ability of ViruSAL to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infectivity using physiologically relevant models of the human bronchial epithelium. Our results demonstrated that ViruSAL potently inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in bronchial airway models. Importantly, ViruSAL also showed inhibitory effects on viral infection when added post-infection, without causing cellular toxicity. Additionally, intranasal instillation of ViruSAL in a rat model did not lead to any toxicity or pathological changes.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Patrick W. G. Mallon
CURRENT OPINION IN HIV AND AIDS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Rachel MacCann, Alejandro Abner Garcia Leon, Gabriel Gonzalez, Michael J. Carr, Eoin R. Feeney, Obada Yousif, Aoife G. Cotter, Eoghan de Barra, Corinna Sadlier, Peter Doran, Patrick W. Mallon
Summary: This study suggests that early host immune responses, including defects in mast cell activation and interferon responses, are associated with more severe outcomes in COVID-19. Understanding this pathway could lead to better treatments for vulnerable individuals.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Grace Kenny, Liam Townsend, Stefano Savinelli, Patrick W. G. Mallon
Summary: The emergence of persistent ill-health in the aftermath of SARS-CoV-2 infection has presented significant challenges. The symptoms of long COVID are highly variable and the underlying pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Current potential therapies are being investigated, but no proven effective treatment exists.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Hematology
Ellie Karampini, Helen Fogarty, Stephanie Elliott, Hannah Morrin, Colm Bergin, Jamie M. O'Sullivan, Mary Byrne, Ignacio Martin-Loeches, Patrick W. Mallon, Gerard F. Curley, Siobhan Glavey, Ross I. Baker, M. Lavin, Roger J. S. Preston, Cliona Ni Cheallaigh, Soracha E. Ward, James S. O'Donnell
Summary: This study found that acute COVID-19 infection leads to complex endothelial cell activation and an increase in proangiogenic factors. COVID-19 plasma incubation enhanced VWF secretion, increased Angpt-2 expression, and promoted angiogenesis in endothelial cells.
RESEARCH AND PRACTICE IN THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jessica Doctor, Alan Winston, Jaime H. Vera, Frank A. Post, Marta Boffito, Patrick W. G. Mallon, Jane Anderson, Christina Prechtl, Ian Williams, Margaret Johnson, Emmanouil Bagkeris, Memory Sachikonye, Caroline A. Sabin, POPPY Study
Summary: This study investigates the association between the use of anticholinergic medications (ACMs) and recurrent falls and frailty in people with HIV. The results show that ACM users have a higher incidence of recurrent falls and frailty compared to non-users. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of this and aim to reduce the use of ACMs.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Aoife Heeney, Stephen P. Connolly, Rachel Dillon, Aisling O'Donnell, Tara McSweeney, Brendan O'Kelly, Aoife G. Cotter, Gerard Sheehan, John S. Lambert, Eavan G. Muldoon, Tara McGinty
Summary: In this study, the implementation of a post-COVID clinic in an Irish tertiary center after the first wave of the pandemic was described. The characteristics of the patient cohort, operations and outcomes of the clinic were explored, along with the risk factors for developing post-COVID syndrome and the effectiveness of the triage system employed.
Article
Microbiology
David Xi, Abbie Thoma, Minha Rajput-Ray, Anne Madigan, Gordana Avramovic, Kunal Garg, Leona Gilbert, John S. Lambert
Summary: This study retrospectively investigated the types of tick-borne infections (TBIs), symptoms, and the effectiveness of combination antibiotics in a patient cohort in Ireland. The results showed that combination antibiotics effectively relieved TBI symptoms and had good patient tolerance.
Review
Primary Health Care
Aimee Brennan, John Broughan, Geoff McCombe, John Brennan, Claire Collins, Ronan Fawsitt, Joe Gallagher, Allys Guerandel, Brendan O'Kelly, Diarmuid Quinlan, John S. Lambert, Walter Cullen
Summary: This study conducted a scoping review of literature on the management of long COVID by GPs, and identified six themes regarding GP management, including GP uncertainty, listening and empathy, assessment and monitoring of symptoms, coordinating access to appropriate services, facilitating provision of continual and integrated multidisciplinary care, and the need for psychological support.