Journal
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY
Volume 463, Issue C, Pages 49-64Publisher
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.07.003
Keywords
Pituitary; Ligand-gated receptor channels; G protein-coupled receptors; Neurotransmitters; Action potentials; Calcium signaling; Hormone secretion
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Funding
- Grant Agency of the Czech Republic [16-12695S, 304/12/G069]
- Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of CR within National Sustainability Program II (Project BIOCEV-FAR) [LQ1604]
- project BIOCEV [CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0109]
- Intramural Research Program of the NICHD, NIH [ZIA HD000195-22]
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The functions of anterior pituitary cells are controlled by two major groups of hypothalamic and intrapituitary ligands: one exclusively acts on G protein-coupled receptors and the other activates both G protein-coupled receptors and ligand-gated receptor channels. The second group of ligands operates as neurotransmitters in neuronal cells and their receptors are termed as neurotransmitter receptors. Most information about pituitary neurotransmitter receptors was obtained from secretory studies, RT-PCR analyses of mRNA expression and immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses, all of which were performed using a mixed population of pituitary cells. However, recent electrophysiological and imaging experiments have characterized gamma-aminobutyric acid-, acetylcholine-, and ATP-activated receptors and channels in single pituitary cell types, expanding this picture and revealing surprising differences in their expression between subtypes of secretory cells and between native and immortalized pituitary cells. The main focus of this review is on the electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of these receptors and their roles in calcium signaling and calcium-controlled hormone secretion. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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