Article
Oncology
Jordan M. Cloyd, George A. Poultsides
Summary: PNETs are a rare type of tumor originating from pancreatic islet cells, with surgical resection being the standard treatment for most patients and pancreas-preserving approaches being acceptable for smaller tumors. Observation is recommended for small, low-grade PNETs.
ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Satya Das, Taymeyah Al-Toubah, Jonathan Strosberg
Summary: The role of cytotoxic chemotherapy in well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors remains uncertain, with specific focus on certain tumor types, grade, and DNA repair defects affecting chemosensitivity. Chemotherapy shows greater antitumor activity in pancreatic or grade 3 tumors, while its role in lower grade extra-pancreatic NETs is undefined. Efforts to combine chemotherapy with targeted therapy and other treatments are ongoing to improve options for patients with NETs.
Article
Oncology
Bhavneet Bhinder, Alison Ferguson, Michael Sigouros, Manik Uppal, Ahmed G. Elsaeed, Rohan Bareja, Hussein Alnajar, Kenneth Wha Eng, Vincenza Conteduca, Andrea Sboner, Juan Miguel Mosquera, Olivier Elemento, Himisha Beltran
Summary: This study analyzed the RNA-sequencing and whole-exome sequencing data of 170 patients with neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). It found that NEPC has a unique tumor immune landscape compared to other prostate cancer types and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). NEPC is characterized by a relatively immune-depleted tumor immune microenvironment and less mutations, but has comparable expression of checkpoint genes PD-L1 and CTLA-4 with SCLC. These findings can inform the development of immunotherapy strategies for NEPC.
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lukas Geisler, Raphael Mohr, Joeri Lambrecht, Jana Knorr, Henning Jann, Sven H. Loosen, Burcin Ozdirik, Tom Luedde, Linda Hammerich, Frank Tacke, Alexander Wree, Teresa Hellberg, Christoph Roderburg
Summary: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare and heterogeneous, with prognosis determined by tumor grading and metastases. Despite intensive research efforts, progress in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches has been modest. miRNA, known for its role in cancer pathophysiology, shows potential as a biomarker for NET, but challenges remain for its clinical application.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Kristen McClellan, Emerson Y. Chen, Adel Kardosh, Charles D. Lopez, Jaydira Del Rivero, Nadine Mallak, Flavio G. Rocha, Yilun Koethe, Rodney Pommier, Erik Mittra, Guillaume J. Pegna
Summary: This review summarizes the current treatments for neuroendocrine tumors and explores the cellular changes involved in treatment resistance. It provides an up-to-date summary of clinical findings regarding therapy-resistant neuroendocrine tumors and discusses potential strategies to overcome resistance.
Article
Oncology
Jace P. Landry, Brianne A. Voros, Robert A. Ramirez, J. Philip Boudreaux, Eugene A. Woltering, Ramcharan Thiagarajan
Summary: The study evaluated the metastatic potential of appendiceal neuroendocrine tumors (ANETs) < 2 cm diameter and found that smaller tumors had metastatic capability. Factors like patient age, tumor characteristics were associated with metastatic diseases. Appendectomy alone was deemed sufficient for most ANETs patients, regardless of tumor size.
ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Darren R. Carpizo, Chris R. Harris
Summary: Ileal neuroendocrine tumors have been difficult to study due to their genetic uniqueness, with a lack of recurrently mutated genes. Recent advancements, including the discovery of IGF2 and CDK4 as genetic drivers, may lead to new treatment options for patients.
Review
Oncology
Megan L. Sulciner, Thomas E. Clancy
Summary: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are rare malignancies characterized by secretion of hormones. Tumor grade, determined by Ki67 proliferation index and mitotic index, is the primary prognostic indicator. Surgery is the main treatment for PNETs, with functional PNETs requiring resection for symptom control and potential cure, while nonfunctional PNETs are increasingly managed nonoperatively. Evidence supports surgical management of metastatic disease and primary tumor in the presence of widespread metastases. In this review, we discuss the evolving surgical management of local and metastatic PNETs.
Article
Oncology
Dilara Akhoundova, Martina Haberecker, Ralph Fritsch, Sylvia Hoeller, Michael K. Kiessling, Markus Rechsteiner, Jan H. Rueschoff, Alessandra Curioni-Fontecedro
Summary: This study explores the clinical impact of identifying ALK rearrangement in LCNEC patients and highlights the importance of comprehensive molecular profiling in order to detect actionable genomic alterations.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pathology
Sylvia L. Asa, Ozgur Mete, Michael D. Cusimano, Ian E. McCutcheon, Arie Perry, Shozo Yamada, Hiroshi Nishioka, Olivera Casar-Borota, Silvia Uccella, Stefano La Rosa, Ashley B. Grossman, Shereen Ezzat
Summary: The classification of adenohypophysial neoplasms as pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) reflects their characteristics as epithelial neuroendocrine neoplasms with a spectrum of clinical behaviors. Tumor growth and hormone hypersecretion can cause significant morbidity and mortality in patients. The intense study of PitNETs has provided important information about the importance of cellular differentiation in tumor prognosis.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Luigi Barrea, Giovanna Muscogiuri, Gabriella Pugliese, Roberta Modica, Daniela Laudisio, Sara Aprano, Antongiulio Faggiano, Annamaria Colao, Silvia Savastano
Summary: Patients with GEP-NET tend to have lower chronotype scores and more commonly display evening chronotypes compared to healthy subjects. Morning chronotype patients show better anthropometric measurements and MetS percentages. Patients with metastasis, G2 grading, and progressive disease tend to have lower chronotype scores.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Catherine G. Tran, Scott K. Sherman, James R. Howe
Summary: Surgical resection is crucial for treating small bowel neuroendocrine tumors, improving symptoms, preventing complications, and extending survival. Medical treatments such as somatostatin analogues, targeted therapy, and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy have shown benefits in improving progression-free survival in advanced NETs.
ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Jingjing Zhang, Li Pang
Summary: This study analyzed the clinical behavior, treatment regimens, outcomes, and prognostic factors of patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the endometrium. The study found that complete surgical treatment should be selected for all stages of endometrial NETs. Individualized postoperative chemotherapy or radiotherapy may improve outcomes for early-stage disease, while comprehensive postoperative adjuvant therapy may improve outcomes for advanced-stage disease.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Damiano Librizzi, Friederike Eilsberger, Stefan Ottenthaler, Ali Ebrahimifard, Markus Luster, Behrooz H. Yousefi
Summary: This retrospective study evaluated the relevance of early late acquisition in Ga-68-DOTATOC and Ga-68-PSMA PET/CT. The results showed that nearly half of Ga-68-DOTATOC cases and about one-third of Ga-68-PSMA examinations had changes in findings due to the second acquisition. Significant improvements in TNM classification, sensitivity, and specificity were observed. The study concluded that early second images can improve diagnostics with Ga-68-DOTATOC and Ga-68-PSMA PET/CT.
Review
Oncology
Chanjuan Shi, Michael A. Morse
Summary: This article summarizes the treatment methods for advanced neuroendocrine tumors in the intestinal tract and pancreas, as well as the limitations in therapeutic resistance. Although the mechanisms of resistance are poorly understood, early studies suggest that combination therapy or the use of novel targeted drugs may be promising.
Article
Pathology
Juliana Mota Siqueira, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Camilla Oliveira Hoff, Flavia Bonini, Luana Guimaraes de Sousa, Mario L. Marques-Piubelli, Anurag Purushothaman, Mutsumi Mitani, Hui Dai, Shiaw-Yih Lin, Michael T. Spiotto, Ehab Y. Hanna, Daniel J. McGrail, Adel K. El-Naggar, Renata Ferrarotto
Summary: B7-H4 expression pattern varies among different types of salivary gland carcinomas, and high B7-H4 expression is associated with poor prognosis in adenoid cystic carcinoma.
Article
Pathology
Basile Tessier-Cloutier, Felix K. F. Kommoss, David L. Kolin, Kristyna Nemejcova, Dupreez Smith, Jennifer Pors, Colin J. R. Stewart, W. Glenn Mccluggage, William D. Foulkes, Andreas von Deimling, Martin Kobel, Cheng-Han Lee
Summary: This study provides a detailed analysis of the clinical, pathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of DDOC/UDOC. The majority of patients presented with extraovarian disease and had rapid disease progression resulting in high mortality rate.
Review
Pathology
Sophia J. Wagner, Christian Matek, Sayedali Shetab Boushehri, Melanie Boxberg, Lorenz Lamm, Ario Sada, Dominik J. E. Winter, Carsten Marr, Tingying Peng
Summary: Computational pathology research driven by deep learning faces challenges in reproducibility and reusability. Codebase with good documentation and robustness and generalizability of models are crucial. The reuse of computational pathology algorithms is limited, and their application in clinical settings is even rarer. This study evaluates 160 peer-reviewed articles, providing criteria for data and code availability and statistical analysis of results.
Article
Pathology
Andres M. Acosta, Lynette M. Sholl, Fiona Maclean, Chia-Sui Kao, Thomas M. Ulbright
Summary: This study assessed the clinicopathologic and genomic features of 14 cases of testicular sex cord-stromal tumors. The results showed that CTNNB1 mutations are rare in these tumors, and most of them have genomic alterations similar to testicular sex cord-stromal tumors with pure or predominant spindle cell components.
Article
Pathology
Toru Odate, Kaishi Satomi, Takashi Kubo, Yuko Matsushita, Toshihide Ueno, Akira Kurose, Kohei Shomori, Tokiko Nakai, Reiko Watanabe, Keiko Segawa, Shusa Ohshika, Naritomo Miyake, Sayaka Kudo, Tatsunori Shimoi, Eisuke Kobayashi, Motokiyo Komiyama, Seiichi Yoshimoto, Fumihiko Nakatani, Akira Kawai, Yasushi Yatabe, Shinji Kohsaka, Koichi Ichimura, Hitoshi Ichikawa, Akihiko Yoshida
Summary: Inflammatory rhabdomyoblastic tumors (IRMTs) are newly recognized skeletal muscle tumors with uncertain malignant potential. This study investigated 13 IRMTs using clinicopathologic, genetic, and epigenetic methods. The results showed specific histologic features and genetic mutations in these tumors, and most of them exhibited benign behavior.
Article
Pathology
Dale L. Davis, Adam C. Lechner, David B. Chapel, Jonathan C. Slack, Chrystalle Katte Carreon, Bradley J. Quade, Carlos Parra-Herran
Summary: The Amsterdam Consensus Statement introduced the term maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM) to classify a group of findings related to impaired maternal-placental circulation. The study found that features such as low placental weight, accelerated villous maturation, decidual arteriopathy, and infarcts are associated with adverse obstetrical outcomes, while the role of other features like distal villous hypoplasia, excess multinucleated trophoblast, and retroplacental hemorrhage needs further research.
Review
Pathology
Alain C. Borczuk
Summary: COVID-19 is an acute respiratory illness that can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome. While most patients recover completely, some may experience persistent respiratory dysfunction, known as long COVID. The pathogenesis involves immune and cellular disturbances.
Article
Pathology
Annikka Weissferdt, Cheuk H. Leung, Heather Lin, Boris Sepesi, William N. William, Stephen G. Swisher, Tina Cascone, J. Jack Lee, Abujiang Pataer
Summary: Neoadjuvant treatment of non-small cell lung cancer challenges traditional processing of pathology specimens, and accurate evaluation of residual tumor is crucial for assessing treatment efficacy.