Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Nobuhiro Hondo, Toshiaki Tsuji
Summary: A mechanomyogram visualizes mechanical signals from the surface of a muscle during contraction. It offers a simpler setup compared to surface electromyography, with less susceptibility to sweat interference. A regression analysis method is proposed to estimate knee joint torque based on MMG signals, integrating responses from four sensor locations and focusing on acceleration response characteristics.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL SYSTEMS AND REHABILITATION ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Derrick Lim, Mikael Del Castillo, Austin J. Bergquist, Matija Milosevic, Kei Masani
Summary: This study systematically investigated the contribution of individual motor points of the quadriceps femoris muscle to knee joint torque during paired electrical stimuli. The results showed significant differences in torque contributions among the motor points, demonstrating the potential for selective activation of muscle groups using NMES. These findings provide valuable information for designing rehabilitation protocols utilizing NMES on the quadriceps femoris muscles.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL SYSTEMS AND REHABILITATION ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
An Li, Dong Jiang, Xiangwen Sun, Zicheng Liu
Summary: This study proposes a novel online drive topology conversion technology for expanding the speed range of permanent magnet synchronous motors. By analyzing the stability of the motor and implementing a zero-current mode-conversion method, smooth topology conversion is achieved without affecting the continuous operation of the motor. The proposed dual-mode topology and zero-current mode-conversion methods have been verified for stability and dynamic performance on a PMSM experimental platform.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Robotics
Tzu-Hao Huang, Sainan Zhang, Shuangyue Yu, Mhairi K. MacLean, Junxi Zhu, Antonio Di Lallo, Chunhai Jiao, Thomas C. Bulea, Minghui Zheng, Hao Su
Summary: This article presents a portable, lightweight knee exoskeleton using quasi-direct-drive actuation, which has high bandwidth of stiffness control and accurate torque tracking accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate that the exoskeleton can effectively reduce muscle activities.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ROBOTICS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Stefano Nuccio, Alessandro Del Vecchio, Andrea Casolo, Luciana Labanca, Jacopo Emanuele Rocchi, Francesco Felici, Andrea Macaluso, Pier Paolo Mariani, Deborah Falla, Dario Farina, Paola Sbriccoli
Summary: The study found that individuals who underwent ACLR had lower maximum voluntary isometric force, reduced MU discharge rates, lower absolute MU recruitment and derecruitment thresholds, and lower input-output gain of motoneurons on the reconstructed side compared to the contralateral side. These deficits in MU properties were associated with deficits in maximum voluntary isometric force, indicating that mid- to long-term strength deficits following ACLR may be due to reduced neural drive to the vasti muscles.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Amir Khazaee, Hossein Abootorabi Zarchi, Gholamreza Arab Markadeh, Hamidreza Mosaddegh Hesar
Summary: This article proposes a high-performance MTPA control strategy for BLDC motor drive, compensating iron loss and utilizing Lagrange's theorem. A new nonlinear control method is designed to achieve MTPA and minimize torque ripple, as validated through simulations and experiments.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Qingguo Sun, Limei Chen, Xu Liu, Feng Niu, Chun Gan
Summary: This article proposes a quasi-Z-source (QZS)-based modular switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive to suppress the source current ripple, minimize the torque ripple, widen the constant torque range and speed range, and enhance the system reliability. The QZS-based modular SRM converter is first constructed to utilize the QZS unit and modular power modules. A three-switch conduction-based current compensation mechanism is developed to deal with torque plummet issue, and a novel four-region direct instantaneous torque control strategy is proposed to suppress torque ripple. The experiments on a 150-W three-phase 12/8 SRM prototype validate the feasibility and effectiveness.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Robotics
Allan Joshua Veale, Kyrian Staman, Herman van der Kooij
Summary: Soft wearable actuators provide a personalized, ergonomic, and cooperative physical interface between machines and humans. A soft structure known as PPIA can stably and comfortably apply sufficient knee extension torque for sit-to-stand actions. Despite showing potential for complete support when worn by humans, further development is needed to improve torque model accuracy.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Bheemaiah Chikondra, Utkal Ranjan Muduli, Ranjan Kumar Behera
Summary: This article evaluates a three-level NPC voltage source inverter driving a FPIM by analyzing the effect of CMV on motor performance. A modified DTC method based on VV concept is proposed to reduce the negative impact of CMV and improve drive performance at different speeds. Experimental investigations confirm the effectiveness of the proposed DTC method in reducing CMV output and enhancing FPIM performance.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Xiaodong Sun, Jiangling Wu, Gang Lei, Youguang Guo, Jianguo Zhu
Summary: This article presents an improved direct torque control (DTC) method for reducing torque ripples in a four-phase SRM, using a sliding mode controller and observer. The effectiveness and performance of the proposed approach are demonstrated through detailed simulation validations and experimental results.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Bheemaiah Chikondra, Utkal Ranjan Muduli, Ranjan Kumar Behera
Summary: This study proposes an improved fault-tolerant DTC technique based on virtual vector assessment for enhanced efficiency and performance in FPIM drives under open-phase fault conditions.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Zipeng Liang, Sideng Hu, Zhao Li, Mustafa Tahir
Summary: This article researches a master-slave motor drive system based on dual stator winding structure to improve the torque performance limited by low carrier ratio operation. It injects high-frequency harmonic current through auxiliary windings to compensate for torque ripple and dynamic issues. The control method aimed at depressing torque ripple and load disturbance is proposed and merged with vector control strategy. Loss analysis shows a 30% reduction in total loss can be achieved under the same torque ripple.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Hamza Tariq, Zhaksylyk Galym, Andas Amrin, Christos Spitas
Summary: This paper assesses and compares the conventional cycloidal drive and its kinematical equivalent with involute teeth using finite element and dynamical multi-body analysis. It is found that the conventional cycloidal configuration has multiple points of contacts and self-induced non-torque loads, while the involute alternative has more localized stress concentration and constant contact forces. The analysis also shows that the involute-tooth design is more efficient than the conventional cycloidal-tooth design.
MECHANICS BASED DESIGN OF STRUCTURES AND MACHINES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Tingting Zhao, Jiawei Zhou, Jiarong Yan, Lingyun Cao, Yi Cao, Fang Hua, Hong He
Summary: The study aimed to develop an automated assessment tool for adenoid hypertrophy using artificial intelligence, training a convolutional neural network on a clinical dataset and defining regions of interest based on four keypoint landmarks. The system exhibited high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in assessing adenoid hypertrophy, showing the feasibility of automated screening utilizing a deep neural network model.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Prashant Kumar, Devara Vijaya Bhaskar, Utkal Ranjan Muduli, Abdul R. Beig, Ranjan Kumar Behera
Summary: This article investigates the modeling and control strategy of permanent magnet brushless direct current motor (PMBLDCM) considering iron loss. A disturbance observer based sensorless scheme is proposed, and a linear feedback control law is introduced to reduce copper loss. Model predictive control technique is used to select optimum switching vector, resulting in improved performance.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Robert Miller, Thomas G. Balshaw, Garry J. Massey, Sumiaki Maeo, Marcel B. Lanza, Michael Johnston, Sam J. Allen, Jonathan P. Folland
Summary: This study investigated the differences in muscle volumes and strength between male elite sprinters, sub-elite sprinters, and untrained controls. The findings suggest that greater hip extensor and gluteus maximus volumes discriminate between elite and sub-elite sprinters and are strongly associated with sprinting performance. The study also found that isometric strength of some muscle groups did not have a significant impact on sprint performance.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Yan Leng, Wai Leung Ambrose Lo, Chengpeng Hu, Ruihao Bian, Zhiqin Xu, Xiyao Shan, Dongfeng Huang, Le Li
Summary: The study demonstrated the influence of both neural and peripheral factors on post-stroke wrist joint spasticity. Radial extracorporeal shock wave (rESW) intervention may be more effective in addressing non-neural components of spasticity. Clinical management should take into account both neural and non-neural factors for optimal intervention strategies.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Sumiaki Maeo, Thomas G. Balshaw, Marcel B. Lanza, Ricci Hannah, Jonathan P. Folland
Summary: The study compared corticospinal excitability and motor representation assessed with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) between long-term resistance trained (LRT, >= 3 years) and untrained (UNT) males. The results showed that long-term resistance trained individuals have higher neural efficiency and that TMS map size is mainly determined by TMS intensity, even when MEP responses at the hotspot are matched among individuals.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biophysics
Xiyao Shan, Shun Otsuka, Le Li, Yasuo Kawakami
Summary: This study identified the characteristics of triceps surae muscles and aponeuroses stiffness during graded isometric submaximal plantarflexion efforts in healthy male subjects. The results showed that the muscles and aponeuroses exhibited heterogeneous and anisotropic mechanical properties during muscle contractions. The stiffening effect of muscle belly may influence the mechanical properties of aponeuroses, especially for the lateral gastrocnemius.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pavlos E. Evangelidis, Xiyao Shan, Shun Otsuka, Chi Yang, Takaki Yamagishi, Yasuo Kawakami
Summary: The study aimed to examine the load-bearing capacity of individual hamstring muscles in different contraction types and intensities using shear wave elastography, and to investigate their relationship with muscle morphology. Results showed that the semitendinosus (ST) muscle plays a primary role in hamstring load-bearing across all contraction types, while there is evidence of increased contribution from the semimembranosus (SM) in eccentric muscle actions.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hiroto Shiotani, Ryo Yamashita, Tomohiro Mizokuchi, Natsuki Sado, Munekazu Naito, Yasuo Kawakami
Summary: The study found that the plantar fascia (PF) in the left feet of runners is stiffer, possibly due to adaptation to asymmetrical mechanical loading in running-specific training.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jun Yasuda, Kao Murata, Tsubasa Hasegawa, Mana Yamamura, Sumiaki Maeo, Junya Takegaki, Nobuaki Tottori, Takumi Yokokawa, Risako Mori, Takuma Arimitsu, Shu Nishikori, Satoshi Fujita
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between protein intake at each meal and change in lean tissue mass during progressive resistance exercise training (RET) in healthy middle-aged women. The results suggest that increasing protein intake at breakfast may contribute to muscle hypertrophy induced by RET.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Takaki Yamagishi, Akira Saito, Yasuo Kawakami
Summary: This study found that oxygen transport capacity is the main determinant of whole-body maximal aerobic performance in athletes, regardless of sex. However, thigh muscle size also plays a role in female athletes' whole-body maximal aerobic performance.
Article
Orthopedics
Kentaro Kimata, Shun Otsuka, Hiroki Yokota, Xiyao Shan, Naoyuki Hatayama, Munekazu Naito
Summary: This study conducted a detailed investigation into the origin of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle, finding sex differences and its relationship with the shape of the tibia. The attachment site of the TA on the tibia was more distal in males compared to females. Additionally, there were differences in the shape of the tibia between sexes. These variations may contribute to differences in the function of the TA during gait movement and the frequency of lower leg disorders.
JOURNAL OF FOOT AND ANKLE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Katsuki Takahashi, Hiroto Shiotani, Pavlos E. Evangelidis, Natsuki Sado, Yasuo Kawakami
Summary: The variability in fascicle architecture within a muscle is regionally dependent and influenced by the size of the muscle.
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Pavlos E. Evangelidis, Xiyao Shan, Shun Otsuka, Chi Yang, Takaki Yamagishi, Yasuo Kawakami
Summary: The study found that fatigue has a differential effect on the mechanical properties of the hamstring muscles depending on the contraction type, with the BFlh being more susceptible to fatigue during eccentric contractions, which may explain its vulnerability to strain injuries.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Xiyao Shan, Kanae Umemoto, Takuro Ishikawa, Kaori Fukushige, Takao Takeuchi, Munekazu Naito
Summary: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of using MyotonPRO to quantify the mechanical properties of the muscle-tendon unit. The results showed that MyotonPRO had high reliability and validity in both in vivo and in situ conditions, and it was able to accurately assess tendon stiffness.
CONNECTIVE TISSUE RESEARCH
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Sport Sciences
Yasuo Kawakami, Hiroto Shiotani, Shun Otsuka, Lyu Hui, Hoshizora Ichinose, Yang Chi, Keisuke Kurumisawa, Yuki Yamada, Xiyao Shan, Junya Saeki, Natsuki Sado, Fumiko Tanaka, Tsukasa Kumai, Shinobu Nishitani, Michihiro Takada, Sakiko Toyoda, Hirohisa Uchida, Yusuke Adachi
MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE
(2021)