Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Tian Zhang, Lingli Wu, Yaru Song, Xiaojuan Li, Xinxin Niu, Yajing Sun, Jie Liu, Guangyuan Feng, Shengbin Lei
Summary: In this study, a novel nanomaterial was designed and synthesized, which shows both biomimetic mineralization ability and drug delivery capability, providing a promising strategy for the design of multifunctional biomimic materials.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Flavia Vitiello, Vincenzo Tosco, Riccardo Monterubbianesi, Giulia Orilisi, Maria Laura Gatto, Scilla Sparabombe, Lucia Meme, Paolo Mengucci, Angelo Putignano, Giovanna Orsini
Summary: This study qualitatively and quantitatively compared the remineralizing effectiveness of four commercially available agents on artificial enamel lesions. The results showed that two of the agents (G1 and G2) exhibited better surface remineralization compared to the other two agents (G3 and G4).
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Balazs Attila Kondoros, Otto Berkesi, Zsolt Toth, Zoltan Aigner, Rita Ambrus, Ildiko Csoka
Summary: In this study, the co-grinding technology was applied to prepare a complex of fenofibrate and dimethyl-beta-cyclodextrin. Through analysis of the physical properties and dissolution properties of the samples, it was found that the product prepared by solvent-free co-grinding method had better solubility properties.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Giulia Orilisi, Vincenzo Tosco, Riccardo Monterubbianesi, Valentina Notarstefano, Mutlu Ozcan, Angelo Putignano, Giovanna Orsini
Summary: The study indicates that using bleaching agents containing nano-hydroxyapatite does not significantly alter the morphological and chemical composition of the enamel surface, maintaining its crystallinity.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Nobuyuki Kato, Maromu Yamada, Jun Ojima, Mitsutoshi Takaya
Summary: This study aimed to establish an analytical method for characterizing individual welding fumes and welding slags formed during CO2 arc welding processes to inform risk assessment. The elemental distribution and size of the welding fumes were key areas of focus. Analysis of scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed elemental distributions on the surfaces of welding slags and welding fumes.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Andrea Butera, Maurizio Pascadopoli, Simone Gallo, Marco Lelli, Fabrizio Tarterini, Federico Giglia, Andrea Scribante
Summary: Toothpastes containing Zn-carbonate hydroxyapatite were evaluated for their deposition on polymeric composite resin. Both toothpastes showed marked deposition on the buttons, with a significant difference in calcium deposition observed in the Trial group.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Fabien Georget, William Wilson, Karen L. Scrivener
Summary: The study introduces a new image analysis framework for identifying phases and quantifying the microstructure of cementitious materials from SEM-EDS hypermaps. The framework utilizes representative points and ratio plots to attribute phases and mixtures of phases, enabling quantitative analysis of the microstructure.
CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Paolo Maria Congedo, Cristina Baglivo, Delia D'Agostino, Giovanni Quarta, Pasquale Di Gloria
Summary: Rising damp is a common and damaging deterioration process in buildings, often leading to accelerated masonry deterioration due to a lack of understanding of this phenomenon. This study focused on the dynamic evaluation of rising damp in two typical building stones in Southern Italy, showing good agreement between theoretical models and experimental data in both tested materials.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Liliana Bizo, Marieta Muresan-Pop, Reka Barabas, Lucian Barbu-Tudoran, Antonela Berar
Summary: The structural, morphological, and dissolution properties of Zr1-xMgxO2 (x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, and 0.3) ceramics were evaluated in a saliva substitute gel. The results showed good stability for all compositions except x = 0.05, where a significant transformation occurred. The ceramics maintained strong interconnection of grains after immersion.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Camila Diez, Maria Angeles Rojo, Jesus Martin-Gil, Pablo Martin-Ramos, Manuel Garrosa, Damian Cordoba-Diaz
Summary: Teeth are unique and complex organs that provide important data about a person's health. This study used various techniques to analyze teeth and found that factors such as smoking, psychotherapeutic drugs, and biological age can affect tooth structure and mineralization. The ATR-FTIR technique showed promise for investigating changes in tooth structure and informing diagnostic strategies.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Arthur Gestels, Geert Van der Snickt, Joost Caen, Gert Nuyts, Stijn Legrand, Frederik Vanmeert, Flore Detry, Koen Janssens, Gunther Steenackers
Summary: This article reports on the conservation-restoration of a 13th century stained-glass window. Through micro- and macro-level analysis, researchers were able to determine the origin and composition of the window, and successfully restore it to its former glory.
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Editorial Material
Medicine, Legal
Hila Rosengarten, Osnat Israelsohn, Zohar Pasternak
Summary: The most common forensic method for detecting and characterizing gunshot residue (GSR) is currently the scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDX). Experiments have shown that the probability of transfer of GSR particles between stubs is very low, indicating that the risk of inter-stub contamination is highly negligible.
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Spectroscopy
Danilo Bersani, Luciana Saviane, Alessia Morigi, Luciana Mantovani, Maurizio Aceto, Laura Fornasini
Summary: This study conducted an archeometrical investigation on 16 glass mosaic tesserae found at an archaeological site in Italy, aiming to determine the glass composition, identify coloring agents, and understand the technological processes involved. Various techniques such as micro-Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were utilized to characterize the glass matrix and crystallites, providing insights into the structure, composition, and coloring of the artifacts. The results showed a wide range of opacifying agents used in creating different hues, and comparisons were made with contemporary mosaics in the same geographical region. In summary, this research shed light on the materials and techniques used in creating glass mosaics during the early sixth century AD.
JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Marzia La Rocca, Alessia Rinaldi, Giovanna Bruni, Valeria Friuli, Lauretta Maggi, Marcella Bini
Summary: This paper focuses on the development of new hybrid materials, Hydroxypapatite@Furosemide, which have shown improved dissolution rates and solubility compared to the drug alone. The hybrids formation was confirmed through various measurements and spectroscopy techniques. The substitution of Sr on Ca sites in hydroxyapatite has also been shown to increase its surface area and pore volume, indicating a high drug loading capacity.
JOURNAL OF INORGANIC AND ORGANOMETALLIC POLYMERS AND MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Valeria Stagno, Chiara Genova, Nicole Zoratto, Gabriele Favero, Silvia Capuani
Summary: This study investigated the potential of PVA-borax hydrogel for cleaning limestones and found that the cleaning effectiveness strongly depends on the porosity of the stones. Different responses were observed in Lecce stone, Travertine perpendicular cut, and Travertine parallel cut, suggesting that the effectiveness of the cleaning varies based on the type of rock.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chaehoon Lee, Francesca Volpi, Giacomo Fiocco, Maduka L. Weththimuni, Maurizio Licchelli, Marco Malagodi
Summary: This study tested the ability of hydrogels based on sodium alginate and konjac glucomannan polysaccharides to remove synthetic soiling and sweat from the surface of laboratory mock-ups. The polysaccharide hydrogels showed promising cleaning effectiveness on both smooth and rough surfaces of wood.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carlo Ciarrocchi, Donatella Sacchi, Massimo Boiocchi, Maduka Lankani Weththimuni, Alessio Orbelli Biroli, Maurizio Licchelli
Summary: Copper(II) azacyclam complexes containing naphthyl or dansyl subunits were synthesized as chemical probes for the fluorogenic detection of sulfite. The complexes showed poor fluorescence due to the quenching behavior of Cu2+ ions, but the fluorescence could be recovered upon decomposition of the complexes.
Article
Polymer Science
Chaehoon Lee, Francesca Di Turo, Barbara Vigani, Maduka L. L. Weththimuni, Silvia Rossi, Fabio Beltram, Pasqualantonio Pingue, Maurizio Licchelli, Marco Malagodi, Giacomo Fiocco, Francesca Volpi
Summary: Researchers proposed using agar gel and konjac glucomannan crosslinked with borax gel to clean wooden artefacts with rough surfaces. The cleaning efficacy of these gels was evaluated by non-invasive X-ray fluorescence mapping and profilometric investigation. The results showed that both gels had good cleaning efficacy.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Maduka L. Weththimuni, Alessandro Girella, Matteo Ferretti, Donatella Sacchi, Maurizio Licchelli
Summary: Cleaning is an essential step in conservation, and nanotechnology has introduced new materials and concepts in this field. Our study focuses on using nano-structured emulsions as smart cleaning materials to remove polymer coatings. We examined the cleaning effectiveness on different substrates and found that the nano-emulsion can effectively clean stone substrates.
Editorial Material
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Maduka L. Weththimuni, Maurizio Licchelli
Article
Polymer Science
Maduka L. Weththimuni, Giacomo Fiocco, Chiara Milanese, Alberto Spinella, Maria Luisa Saladino, Marco Malagodi, Maurizio Licchelli
Summary: The aim of this research is to investigate the improvement of varnish resistance to different aging processes for classical violins. The traditional varnish was recreated in the laboratory and functionalized with a cross-linking agent. The functionalized varnish exhibited enhanced resistance to aging, particularly in terms of photostability and hardness.
Article
Humanities, Multidisciplinary
Marwa Ben Chobba, Maduka L. Weththimuni, Mouna Messaoud, Jamel Bouaziz, Rached Salhi, Filomena De Leo, Clara Urzi, Maurizio Licchelli
Summary: The main objective of this research is to determine the optimal application conditions of a newly synthesized multifunctional coating containing Ag-doped TiO2 nanoparticles when used as a possible protective agent for sandstone. Firstly, Ag-TiO2 nanoparticles with anatase structure, spherical shape, and controllable sizes were prepared using the sol-gel method and characterized. The biocidal activity of Ag-doped TiO2 NPs was studied and found to be highly improved by doping with Ag. The prepared nanopowders were then dispersed in a binder and applied on Serena stone specimens, resulting in a fine hydrophobic character for the stone material at specific conditions.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Carlo Ciarrocchi, Guido Colucci, Massimo Boiocchi, Donatella Sacchi, Maduka L. Weththimuni, Alessio Orbelli Biroli, Maurizio Licchelli
Summary: In this paper, a series of novel 2,6-di(imino)pyridine ligands with different electron-rich aromatic substituents and their 1:2 complexes with zinc(II) were synthesized and characterized. The formation of charge-transfer species was promoted by the coordination of the metal ion. Absorption studies confirmed the presence of charge-transfer absorption bands in complexes with donor groups.
CHEMISTRY-SWITZERLAND
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Maduka L. Weththimuni, Marwa Ben Chobba, Donatella Sacchi, Mouna Messaoud, Maurizio Licchelli
Summary: This study focused on producing a multi-functional, durable coating for protecting different stone materials. ZrO2-doped-ZnO-PDMS nanocomposites were synthesized and their performance was evaluated through experimental analyses. The results showed that the prepared nanocomposite coating provides durable protection.
CHEMISTRY-SWITZERLAND
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Sicheng Jiao, Shixiang Wang, Minge Gao, Min Xu
Summary: This paper presents a non-contact method of thickness measurement for thin-walled rotary shell parts based on a chromatic confocal sensor. The method involves using a flip method to obtain surface profiles from both sides of the workpiece, measuring the decentration and tilt errors of the workpiece using a centering system, establishing a unified reference coordinate system, reconstructing the external and internal surface profiles, and calculating the thickness. Experimental results show that the method can accurately measure the thickness of a sapphire spherical shell workpiece and is consistent with measurements of other materials.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Rajeev Kumar, Sajal Agarwal, Sarika Pal, Alka Verma, Yogendra Kumar Prajapati
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of a CaF2-Ag-MXene-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor at different wavelengths. The results showed that the sensor achieved the maximum sensitivity at a wavelength of 532 nm, and higher sensitivities were obtained at shorter wavelengths at the expense of detection accuracy.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Attilio Di Nisio, Gregorio Andria, Francesco Adamo, Daniel Lotano, Filippo Attivissimo
Summary: Capacitive sensing is a widely used technique for a variety of applications, including avionics. However, current industry standard Capacitive Level Sensors (CLSs) used in helicopters perform poorly in terms of sensitivity and dynamic characteristics. In this study, novel geometries were explored and three prototypes were built and tested. Experimental validation showed that the new design featuring a helicoidal slit along the external electrode of the cylindrical probe improved sensitivity, response time, and linearity.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Kai Yang, Huiqin Wang, Ke Wang, Fengchen Chen
Summary: This paper proposes an effective measurement method for dynamic compaction construction based on time series model, which enables real-time monitoring and measurement of anomalies and important construction parameters through simulating motion state transformation and running time estimation.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Hui Fu, Qinghua Song, Jixiang Gong, Liping Jiang, Zhanqiang Liu, Qiang Luan, Hongsheng Wang
Summary: An automatic detection and pixel-level quantification model based on joint Mask R-CNN and TransUNet is developed to accurately evaluate microcrack damage on the grinding surfaces of engineering ceramics. The model is effectively trained on actual micrograph image dataset using a joint training strategy. The proposed model achieves reliable automatic detection and fine segmentation of microcracks, and a skeleton-based quantification model is also proposed to provide comprehensive and precise measurements of microcrack size.
Review
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Sang Yeob Kim, Da Yun Kwon, Arum Jang, Young K. Ju, Jong-Sub Lee, Seungkwan Hong
Summary: This paper reviews the categorization and applications of UAV sensors in forensic engineering, with a focus on geotechnical, structural, and water infrastructure fields. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of sensors with different wavelengths and addresses the challenges of current UAV technology and recommendations for further research in forensic engineering.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Anton Nunez-Seoane, Joaquin Martinez-Sanchez, Erik Rua, Pedro Arias
Summary: This article compares the use of Mobile Laser Scanners (MLS) and Aerial Laser Scanners (ALS) for digitizing the road environment and detecting road slopes. The study found that ALS data and its corresponding algorithm achieved better detection and delimitation results compared to MLS. Measuring the road from a terrestrial perspective negatively impacted the detection process, while an aerial perspective allowed for scanning of the entire slope structure.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Nur Luqman Saleh, Aduwati Sali, Raja Syamsul Azmir Raja Abdullah, Sharifah M. Syed Ahmad, Jiun Terng Liew, Fazirulhisyam Hashim, Fairuz Abdullah, Nur Emileen Abdul Rashid
Summary: This study introduces an enhanced signal processing scheme for detecting mouth-click signals used by blind individuals. By utilizing additional band-pass filtering and other steps, the detection accuracy is improved. Experimental results using artificial signal data showed a 100% success rate in detecting obstacles. The emerging concepts in this research are expected to benefit radar and sonar system applications.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Jiqiang Tang, Shengjie Qiu, Lu Zhang, Jinji Sun, Xinxiu Zhou
Summary: This paper studies the magnetic noise level of a compact high-performance magnetically shielded room (MSR) under different operational conditions and establishes a quantitative model for magnetic noise calculation. Verification experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Review
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Krzysztof Bartnik, Marcin Koba, Mateusz Smietana
Summary: The demand for miniaturized sensors in the biomedical industry is increasing, and optical fiber sensors (OFSs) are gaining popularity due to their small size, flexibility, and biocompatibility. This study reviews various OFS designs tested in vivo and identifies future perspectives and challenges for OFS technology development from a user perspective.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Yue Wang, Lei Zhou, Zihao Li, Jun Wang, Xuangou Wu, Xiangjun Wang, Lei Hu
Summary: This paper presents a 3-D reconstruction method for dynamic stereo vision of metal surface based on line structured light, overcoming the limitation of the measurement range of static stereo vision. The proposed method uses joint calibration and global optimization to accurately reconstruct the 3-D coordinates of the line structured light fringe, improving the reconstruction accuracy.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Jaafar Alsalaet
Summary: Order tracking analysis is an effective tool for machinery fault diagnosis and operational modal analysis. This study presents a new formulation for the data equation of the second-generation Vold-Kalman filter, using separated cosine and sine kernels to minimize error and provide smoother envelopes. The proposed method achieves high accuracy even with small weighting factors.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Tonglei Cao, Kechen Song, Likun Xu, Hu Feng, Yunhui Yan, Jingbo Guo
Summary: This study constructs a high-resolution dataset for surface defects in ceramic tiles and addresses the scale and quantity differences in defect distribution. An improved approach is proposed by introducing a content-aware feature recombination method and a dynamic attention mechanism. Experimental results demonstrate the superior accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Qinghong Fu, Yunxi Lou, Jianghui Deng, Xin Qiu, Xianhua Chen
Summary: Measurement and quantitative characterization of aging-induced gradient properties is crucial for accurate analysis and design of asphalt pavement. This research proposes the composite specimen method to obtain asphalt binders at different depths within the mixture and uses dynamic shear rheometer tests to measure aging-induced gradient properties and reveal internal mechanisms. G* master curves are constructed to investigate gradient aging effects in a wide range. The study finds that the composite specimen method can effectively restore the boundary conditions and that it is feasible to study gradient aging characteristics within the asphalt mixture. The study also observes variations in G* and delta values and the depth range of gradient aging effects for different aging levels.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Min Li, Kai Wei, Tianhe Xu, Yali Shi, Dixing Wang
Summary: Due to the limitations of ground monitoring stations in China for the BDS, the accuracy of BDS Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellite orbits can be influenced. To overcome this, low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites can be used as additional monitoring stations. In this study, data from two LEO satellites were collected to improve the precise orbit determination of the BDS. By comparing the results with GPS and BDS-2/3 solutions, it was found that including the LEO satellites significantly improved the accuracy of GPS and BDS-2/3 orbits.