Journal
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING C-MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
Volume 85, Issue -, Pages 27-36Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.12.015
Keywords
Chitosan; Zinc alginate; Microspheres; Hemostat
Categories
Funding
- Fujian Provincial Health Education Joint Research Project [WKJ2016-2-29]
- Social Development of Instructive Program of Fujian Province [2017Y0025]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51773038]
- Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province [2017J01408]
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Quick hemostats for non-lethal massive traumatic bleeding in battlefield and civilian accidents are important for reducing mortality and medical costs. Chitosan (CS) has been widely used as a clinic hemostat. To enhance its hemostatic efficiency, Zn2+ in the form of zinc alginate (ZnAlg) was introduced to CS to make porous CS@ZnAlg microspheres with ZnAlg component on the surface. Such microspheres were prepared by successive steps of micro-emulsion, polyelectrolyte adhesion, and thermally induced phase separation. Their structure and hemostatic performance were analyzed by SEM, FT-IR, XPS and a series of in vitro hemostatic experiments including thromboelastography analysis. The composite microspheres had an outer and internal interconnected porous structure. Their size, surface area, and water absorption ratio were ca. 70 gm, 48 m(2)/g, and 1850%, respectively. Compared to the neat chitosan microspheres, the CS@ZnAlg microspheres showed shorter onset of clot formation, much faster in vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting, bigger clot, less blood loss, and shorter hemostatic time in the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models. The synergetic hemostatic effects from (1) the electrostatic attraction between chitosan component and red blood cells, (2) the activation of coagulation factor XII by Zn2+ of zinc alginate component, and (3) physical blocking by microsphere matrix, contributed to the enhanced hemostatic performance of CS@ZnAlg microspheres.
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