Journal
MARINE DRUGS
Volume 16, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/md16040126
Keywords
mitochondria; membrane; lipid peroxidation; apoptosis; carotenoid; antioxidant; liposome; oxidative stress
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Funding
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP
- BPE fellowship) [2017/06032-2]
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (Bolsa Produtividade em Pesquisa, Nivel 2, CNPq, Brazil) [304663/2015-8]
- Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnologia para el Desarollo (CYTED
- Red iberoamericana para el estudio de nuevos carotenoides bioactivos como ingredientes de alimentos, Spain) [112RT0445]
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Astaxanthin (ASTA) is a ketocarotenoid found in many marine organisms and that affords many benefits to human health. ASTA is particularly effective against radical-mediated lipid peroxidation, and recent findings hypothesize a mitochondrial-targeted action of ASTA in cells. Therefore, we examined the protective effects of ASTA against lipid peroxidation in zwitterionic phosphatidylcholine liposomes (PCLs) and anionic phosphatidylcholine: phosphatidylglycerol liposomes (PCPGLs), at different pHs (6.2 to 8.0), which were challenged by oxidizing/nitrating conditions that mimic the regular and preapoptotic redox environment of active mitochondria. Pre-apoptotic conditions were created by oxidized/nitr(osyl) ated cytochrome c and resulted in the highest levels of lipoperoxidation in both PCL and PCPGLs (pH 7.4). ASTA was less protective at acidic conditions, especially in anionic PCPGLs. Our data demonstrated the ability of ASTA to hamper oxidative and nitrative events that lead to cytochrome c-peroxidase apoptosis and lipid peroxidation, although its efficiency changes with pH and lipid composition of membranes.
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