Journal
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Volume 68, Issue 6, Pages 717-722Publisher
SPRINGER JAPAN KK
DOI: 10.1007/s12576-018-0622-8
Keywords
Hypothalamus; Food intake; GABAergic neurons; NPY/AgRP neruons
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Funding
- Japan Society of the Promotion of Science [26670453]
- Japan Diabetes Foundation
- Programs for Strategic Research Foundation at Private Universities
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT)
- Advanced Research and Development Programs for Medical Innovation (AMED-CREST) from Japan Agency for Medical Research and development (AMED)
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Several lines of study have suggested that GABA in the hypothalamic feeding center plays a role in promoting food intake. Recent studies revealed that not only NPY/AgRP neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) that co-express GABA but also other GABAergic neurons act as an orexigenic. Here, we review the progress of studies on hypothalamic GABAergic neurons distributed in ARC, dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), and lateral hypothalamus (LH). Three advanced technologies have been applied and greatly contributed to the recent progress. Optogenetic (and chemogenetic) approaches map input and output pathways of particular subpopulations of GABAergic neurons. In vivo Ca2+ imaging using GRIN lens and GCaMP can correlate the activity of GABAergic neuron subpopulations with feeding behavior. Single-cell RNA-seq approach clarifies precise transcriptional profiles of GABAergic neuron subpopulations. These approaches have shown diversity of GABAergic neurons and the subpopulation-dependent role in feeding regulation.
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