Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Connor A. Wathen, Yohannes G. Ghenbot, Ali K. Ozturk, D. Kacy Cullen, John C. O'Donnell, Dmitriy Petrov
Summary: Large animal models, particularly porcine models, of spinal cord injury are valuable for translational research and evaluation of potential therapies. The anatomical and physiological similarities to humans allow for more representative models and accurate assessment of novel treatments, including biologics. Porcine models also facilitate the collection of physiological data in a clinical-like setting. This review provides an overview of porcine spinal cord injury research, including available models and outcome measures, as well as the strengths, limitations, and alternatives.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Ravindran Visagan, Florence R. A. Hogg, Mathew J. Gallagher, Siobhan Kearney, Argyro Zoumprouli, Marios C. Papadopoulos, Samira Saadoun
Summary: This study examines the feasibility of monitoring tissue oxygen tension in patients with acute, severe traumatic spinal cord injuries. The results show that tissue oxygen tension is influenced by various factors, including intraspinal pressure, spinal cord perfusion pressure, tissue glucose levels, lactate/pyruvate ratio, and fever. In patients with motor-incomplete injuries, fluctuations in tissue oxygen tension correlate with fluctuations in limb motor score.
CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Rakib Uddin Ahmed, Chase A. Knibbe, Felicia Wilkins, Leslie C. Sherwood, Dena R. Howland, Maxwell Boakye
Summary: Animal models are important for spinal cord injury research. Small animal models have advantages in terms of management and cost, but their neurologic and anatomical differences may limit their translation to humans. In contrast, large animal models are more similar to humans and have greater translational value in studying spinal cord injury.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Adam Doelman, Seth Tigchelaar, Brian McConeghy, Sunita Sinha, Martin S. Keung, Neda Manouchehri, Megan Webster, Shera Fisk, Charlotte Morrison, Femke Streijger, Corey Nislow, Brian K. Kwon
Summary: This study characterized the gut microbiome in a Yucatan minipig SCI model for the first time, identifying unique bacterial fluctuations in SCI animals during the acute stage. These findings provide a resource for future studies and may indicate a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of gut microbiota changes after spinal cord injury.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Jose A. Canseco, Brian A. Karamian, Daniel R. Bowles, Michael P. Markowitz, Stephen L. DiMaria, Nicholas C. Semenza, Mark R. Leibensperger, Michael L. Smith, Alexander R. Vaccaro
Summary: The role of methylprednisolone in treating spinal cord pathologies such as acute spinal cord injury remains controversial, with some data supporting its benefits but also highlighting the risks of systemic adverse effects. Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of steroids in treating patients with spinal cord pathology.
WORLD NEUROSURGERY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Najmeh Kheram, Andrea Boraschi, Nikolai Pfender, Susanne Friedl, Maria Rasenack, Benjamin Fritz, Vartan Kurtcuoglu, Martin Schubert, Armin Curt, Carl M. Zipser
Summary: This study investigates the diagnostic utility of lumbar cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) dynamics in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) following surgical decompression. The results demonstrate that lumbar CSFP dynamics can effectively assess residual cord compression. Longitudinal studies are needed to further determine the clinical implications. Evaluation: 8 points.
NEUROREHABILITATION AND NEURAL REPAIR
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Bo-Ram Na, Hyoung-Yeon Seo
Summary: The study investigated the effect of surgical decompression for severe adult spinal cord injury without major bone injury, finding that intramedullary lesion length (IMLL) and compression rate have the most powerful effect on neurological outcome. Additionally, 5 out of 11 patients showed improved neurological grade one year postoperatively.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Chao-Kai Hu, Ming-Hong Chen, Yao-Horng Wang, Jui-Sheng Sun, Chung-Yu Wu
Summary: Spinal cord injury is a devastating disorder that has a significant impact on individuals and society. We have developed a large-animal model of spinal cord compression injury that integrates multiple prognostic factors and has applications in humans.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Nitin Agarwal, Alexander A. Aabedi, Abel Torres-Espin, Austin Chou, Thomas A. Wozny, Praveen Mummaneni, John F. Burke, Adam R. Ferguson, Nikos Kyritsis, Sanjay S. Dhall, Philip R. Weinstein, Xuan Duong-Fernandez, Jonathan Pan, Vineeta Singh, Debra D. Hemmerle, Jason F. Talbott, William D. Whetstone, Jacqueline C. Bresnahan, Geoffrey T. Manley, Michael S. Beattie, Anthony M. DiGiorgio
Summary: Maintaining an average intraoperative MAP value between 80 and 96 mm Hg is associated with improved outcomes for patients with acute spinal cord injury, while spending 93 minutes or longer outside the MAP range of 76-104 mm Hg leads to worse neurological function at discharge.
NEUROSURGICAL FOCUS
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Amina T. Mneimneh, Mohammed M. Mehanna
Summary: Collagen-based scaffolds play a significant role in promoting regeneration, repair, and recovery of spinal cord injuries by providing a suitable environment for tissue repair, axonal regeneration, and vascularization. They are biocompatible, biodegradable, and widely used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food industries, and tissue engineering. Functionalized with different ligands and factors, collagen in scaffolds enhances its binding specificity and activity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Femke Streijger, Kyoung-Tae Kim, Kitty So, Neda Manouchehri, Katelyn Shortt, Elena B. Okon, Charlotte Morrison, Allan Fong, Rishab Gupta, Aysha Allard Brown, Seth Tigchelaar, Jenny Sun, Ella Liu, Martin Keung, Chris D. Daly, Peter A. Cripton, Mypinder S. Sekhon, Donald E. Griesdale, Brian K. Kwon
Summary: In a porcine model of SCI, duraplasty did not show clear evidence of long-term benefit in behavioral or tissue sparing outcomes after acute injury. The immediate effects of duraplasty on intraparenchymal hemodynamic and metabolic responses were observed, but there was no improvement in hindlimb locomotion or tissue damage reduction over the course of 12 weeks.
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chase A. Knibbe, Rakib Uddin Ahmed, Felicia Wilkins, Mayur Sharma, Jay Ethridge, Monique Morgan, Destiny Gibson, Kimberly B. Cooper, Dena R. Howland, Manicka V. Vadhanam, Shirish S. Barve, Steven Davison, Leslie C. Sherwood, Jack Semler, Thomas Abell, Maxwell Boakye
Summary: Gastrointestinal (GI) complications following spinal cord injury (SCI) are associated with poor outcomes. The SmartPill (TM) capsule can be used to assess effects in GI function post-injury. Our minipig model allows us to evaluate these post-injury changes, optimizing interventions and improving GI function.
Review
Immunology
Jiansong Chen, Yiguo Shen, Xiaobo Shao, Weiliang Wu
Summary: Spinal cord injury (SCI) and spinal cord tumor cause significant damage to the spinal cord, leading to multiple impairments and high morbidity and mortality. The treatment options for these conditions are limited and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In the review, the role of inflammasomes in SCI and spinal cord tumors is highlighted, and targeting inflammasomes is suggested as a potential therapeutic strategy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Xiaoping Ren, Weihua Zhang, Jie Qin, Jian Mo, Yi Chen, Jie Han, Xinjian Feng, Sitan Feng, Haibo Liang, Liangjue Cen, Xiaofei Wu, Linxuan Han, Rongyu Lan, Haixuan Deng, Huihui Yao, Zhongquan Qi, Hongjun Gao, Lishan Wei, Shuai Ren
Summary: This study tested spinal cord fusion (SCF) using the neuroprotective agent polyethylene glycol (PEG) in different animal models and developed a new clinical procedure called vascular pedicle hemisected spinal cord transplantation (vSCT) for the treatment of paraplegic patients. The results demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of vSCT in re-establishing the continuity of spinal nerve fibers, potentially restoring motor, sensory, and autonomic nervous functions in paraplegic patients. Further clinical trials are needed to validate these findings.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tao Jiang, Tao Qin, Peng Gao, Zhiwen Tao, Xiaowei Wang, Mengyuan Wu, Jun Gu, Bo Chu, Ziyang Zheng, Jiang Yi, Tao Xu, Yifan Huang, Hao Liu, Shujie Zhao, Yongxin Ren, Jian Chen, Guoyong Yin
Summary: The expression of SIRT1 in spinal cord endothelial cells is decreased after spinal cord injury (SCI). SIRT1 has the ability to reduce endothelial reactive oxygen species production and protect endothelial barrier function, indicating its potential as a therapeutic target for promoting functional recovery against blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) disruption following SCI.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Femke Streijger, Jae H. T. Lee, Jason Chak, Dan Dressler, Neda Manouchehri, Elena B. Okon, Lisa M. Anderson, Angela D. Melnyk, Peter A. Cripton, Brian K. Kwon
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2015)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Femke Streijger, Jae H. T. Lee, Neda Manouchehri, Elena B. Okon, Seth Tigchelaar, Lisa M. Anderson, Greg A. Dekaban, David A. Rudko, Ravi S. Menon, Jennifer F. Iaci, Donald C. Button, Andrea M. Vecchione, Andrey Konovalov, Patrick D. Sarmiere, Chi Ung, Anthony O. Caggiano, Brian K. Kwon
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2016)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Femke Streijger, Jae H. T. Lee, Neda Manouchehri, Angela D. Melnyk, Jason Chak, Seth Tigchelaar, Kitty So, Elena B. Okon, Shudong Jiang, Rachel Kinsler, Khalid Barazanji, Peter A. Cripton, Brian K. Kwon
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2016)
Article
Neurosciences
N. M. Geremia, T. Hryciw, F. Bao, F. Streijger, E. Okon, J. H. T. Lee, L. C. Weaver, G. A. Dekaban, B. K. Kwon, A. Brown
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2017)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Femke Streijger, Kitty So, Neda Manouchehri, Seth Tigchelaar, Jae H. T. Lee, Elena B. Okon, Katelyn Shortt, So-Eun Kim, Kurt McInnes, Peter Cripton, Brian K. Kwon
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2017)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Seth Tigchelaar, Femke Streijger, Sunita Sinha, Stephane Flibotte, Neda Manouchehri, Kitty So, Katelyn Shortt, Elena Okon, Michael A. Rizzuto, Ivana Malenica, Amanda Courtright-Lim, Andrew Eisen, Kendall Van Keuren-Jensen, Corey Nislow, Brian K. Kwon
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2017)
Article
Biophysics
Claire F. Jones, Jae H. T. Lee, Uri Burstyn, Elena B. Okon, Brian K. Kwon, Peter A. Cripton
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
(2013)
Review
Critical Care Medicine
Brian K. Kwon, Elena Okon, Jessica Hillyer, Cody Mann, Darryl Baptiste, Lynne C. Weaver, Michael G. Fehlings, Wolfram Tetzlaff
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2011)
Review
Critical Care Medicine
Brian K. Kwon, Elena B. Okon, Eve Tsai, Michael S. Beattie, Jacqueline C. Bresnahan, David K. Magnuson, Paul J. Reier, Dana M. McTigue, Phillip G. Popovich, Andrew R. Blight, Martin Oudega, James D. Guest, Lynne C. Weaver, Michael G. Fehlings, Wolfram Tetzlaff
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2011)
Review
Critical Care Medicine
Brian K. Kwon, Elena B. Okon, Ward Plunet, Darryl Baptiste, Karim Fouad, Jessica Hillyer, Lynne C. Weaver, Michael G. Fehlings, Wolfram Tetzlaff
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2011)
Review
Critical Care Medicine
Wolfram Tetzlaff, Elena B. Okon, Soheila Karimi-Abdolrezaee, Caitlin E. Hill, Joseph S. Sparling, Jason R. Plemel, Ward T. Plunet, Eve C. Tsai, Darryl Baptiste, Laura J. Smithson, Michael D. Kawaja, Michael G. Fehlings, Brian K. Kwon
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2011)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Elena B. Okon, Femke Streijger, Jae H. T. Lee, Lisa M. Anderson, Amy K. Russell, Brian K. Kwon
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2013)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Jae H. T. Lee, Claire F. Jones, Elena B. Okon, Lisa Anderson, Seth Tigchelaar, Paul Kooner, Tamara Godbey, Bev Chua, Gordon Gray, Rhonda Hildebrandt, Peter Cripton, Wolfram Tetzlaff, Brian K. Kwon
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2013)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Kyoung-Tae Kim, Femke Streijger, Neda Manouchehri, Kitty So, Katelyn Shortt, Elena B. Okon, Seth Tigchelaar, Peter Cripton, Brian K. Kwon
JOURNAL OF KOREAN NEUROSURGICAL SOCIETY
(2018)