Article
Environmental Sciences
Seungmok Paik, Daehyun Kim, Soon-Il An, Yoo-Geun Ham
Summary: This study evaluates the projections of September sea ice area (SIA) in the Arctic using CMIP6 model simulations and taking into account Arctic sub-regions. Findings show that the models overestimate the historical SIA decreasing trend in the central Arctic but underestimate it in the surrounding shelf seas. The central Arctic, which is expected to retain sea ice for the longest period, is of particular significance in predicting the first ice-free September. Observationally-constrained projections suggest a delay of 12 years compared to raw/unconstrained projections, highlighting the importance of considering model biases in central Arctic SIA.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jianxiang Xu, Jing-Jia Luo, Chaoxia Yuan
Summary: The Arctic is currently experiencing significant warming, which has widespread impacts on global climate. A new study suggests that Indian Ocean warming contributes to the Arctic warming through enhancing the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, leading to increased ocean heat transport from the North Atlantic to the Arctic. This results in upper ocean warming dominating the surface warming in the Arctic. Additionally, despite the net negative contribution of atmospheric heat transport, more warm air is conveyed to the Kara Seas, North Eurasia, and North America sectors, contributing to local warming.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Kaitlin A. Naughten, Paul R. Holland, Pierre Dutrieux, Satoshi Kimura, David T. Bett, Adrian Jenkins
Summary: This study suggests that the Amundsen Sea experienced more sustained cool periods in the early twentieth century, but warming has caused an increase in ice shelf melting. The warming is likely driven by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, and future changes in emissions are also likely to affect the region.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Yunhe Wang, Xiaojun Yuan, Yibin Ren, Mitchell Bushuk, Qi Shu, Cuihua Li, Xiaofeng Li
Summary: A deep learning model called SIPNet has been developed to predict Antarctic sea ice concentration (SIC) at subseasonal scale, filling the gap in prediction capability. Autumn SIC variability contributes the most to sea ice predictability, whereas spring contributes the least. SIPNet can also capture the signal of ENSO and SAM on sea ice.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Kazuya Kusahara, Hiroaki Tatebe, Tomohiro Hajima, Fuyuki Saito, Michio Kawamiya
Summary: Future atmospheric warming can result in enhanced basal melting of Antarctic ice shelves, caused by a combination of warm deep water intrusions and warm surface water formation. This melting will lead to irreversible changes in the Antarctic ice shelves and Southern Ocean climate.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Walter N. Meier, J. Scott Stewart, Ann Windnagel, Florence M. Fetterer
Summary: This study compares three passive microwave-based sea ice products, showing good consistency between them with strong negative trends in the Arctic and small positive trends in the Antarctic.
Review
Oceanography
Mary Beth Decker, Richard D. Brodeur, Lorenzo Ciannelli, Lyle L. Britt, Nicholas A. Bond, Bartholomew P. DiFiore, George L. Hunt Jr
Summary: In the eastern Bering Sea, fluctuations in jellyfish biomass are influenced by climate conditions. A 30-year time series analysis reveals that jellyfish biomass changes coincide with climate transitions. Through the use of generalized additive models, physical variables and lag of jellyfish biomass accurately describe the observed fluctuations. More parsimonious models, excluding highly correlated terms, continue to explain a significant portion of jellyfish biomass variance.
PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mark R. England, Lorenzo M. Polvani
Summary: The melting of Arctic sea ice, largely due to anthropogenic climate change, is projected to result in the first ice-free Arctic summer by mid-century. Ozone-depleting substances (ODSs), which have been regulated since the late 1980s by the Montreal Protocol, have also contributed to this ice loss. Using climate model simulations, it is demonstrated that the Montreal Protocol is delaying the occurrence of an ice-free Arctic summer by up to 15 years, solely due to the reduction in greenhouse gas warming from regulated ODSs. Furthermore, it is estimated that each Gg of reduced ODS emissions leads to 7 km2 of avoided Arctic sea ice loss.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Genrikh V. Alekseev, Natalia I. Glok, Anastasia E. Vyazilova, Natalia E. Kharlanenkova, Mikhail Yu. Kulakov
Summary: Studies have shown that an increase in sea surface temperature at low latitudes can affect the climate and sea ice extent in the Arctic, causing changes in the climate system. This paper utilized multivariate correlation analysis, calculation of spectra and coherence, and creation of correlation graphs to estimate for the first time the impact of heat transport from low latitudes on climate change and sea ice extent in the Arctic over the past 40 years.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
M. Mar Flexas, Andrew F. Thompson, Michael P. Schodlok, Hong Zhang, Kevin Speer
Summary: The observed acceleration of ice shelf basal melt rates throughout West Antarctica could destabilize continental ice sheets and markedly increase global sea level. Explanations for decadal-scale melt intensification have focused on processes local to shelf seas surrounding the ice shelves. A suite of process-based model experiments, guided by CMIP6 forcing scenarios, show that freshwater forcing from the Antarctic Peninsula, propagated between marginal seas by a coastal boundary current, causes enhanced melting throughout West Antarctica.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Shizhu Wang, Qiang Wang, Qi Shu, Zhenya Song, Gerrit Lohmann, Sergey Danilov, Fangli Qiao
Summary: The freshwater storage capability of the Arctic Ocean varies nonmonotonically with sea ice decline, leading to accumulation of freshwater in the Amerasian Basin and reduction in Eurasian and Amerasian basins. The increase in river runoff modulates the balance between these two effects.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Charles G. Bardeen, Douglas E. Kinnison, Owen B. Toon, Michael J. Mills, Francis Vitt, Lili Xia, Jonas Jagermeyr, Nicole S. Lovenduski, Kim J. N. Scherrer, Margot Clyne, Alan Robock
Summary: This study used a modern climate model to simulate the effects of nuclear wars on the ozone layer and surface ultraviolet light. A global nuclear war would cause a 15-year reduction in the ozone column with peak loss of 75%, while a regional war would lead to a 25% reduction with a faster recovery time.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kun Wang, Linyue Wu, Haiwen Liu, Bo Dan, Haijin Dai, Clara Deser
Summary: This study investigates the impact of Arctic sea ice loss on the Gulf Stream and Kuroshio using the Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4). The results show that the Gulf Stream weakens and the Kuroshio strengthens in response to Arctic sea ice loss. The weakening of the Gulf Stream is mainly due to ocean gyre adjustments in the Atlantic, while the acceleration of the Kuroshio is mainly driven by anomalous wind stress over the North Pacific. The Arctic sea ice loss also triggers a slowdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), leading to a decrease in the current speed of the Gulf Stream.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qi Shu, Qiang Wang, Marius Arthun, Shizhu Wang, Zhenya Song, Min Zhang, Fangli Qiao
Summary: Arctic Amplification refers to the phenomenon of faster warming of the Arctic near-surface air temperature compared to the global average, while Arctic Ocean Amplification specifically refers to the 2.3 times faster warming of the upper 2000 m of the Arctic Ocean compared to the global mean rate. This amplification is attributed to increased poleward ocean heat transport. The amplification of both the atmosphere and ocean in the Arctic highlights the region's vulnerability to climate change.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chao Fang, Ronghui Zheng, Fukun Hong, Yulu Jiang, Jincan Chen, Heshan Lin, Longshan Lin, Ruibo Lei, Christyn Bailey, Jun Bo
Summary: This study investigated the occurrence, characteristics, sources, and environmental implications of microplastics in three common benthic species from the Chukchi Sea. The findings suggest that sea anemones could serve as bioindicators of microplastic pollution, with sources likely including melting sea ice, fishery activities, and ocean currents.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Biodiversity Conservation
Andrew Lowther, Cecilie von Quillfeldt, Philipp Assmy, Laura De Steur, Sebastien Descamps, Dmitry Divine, Synnove Elvevold, Matthias Forwick, Agneta Fransson, Alexander Fraser, Sebastian Gerland, Mats Granskog, Ingeborg Hallanger, Tore Hattermann, Mikhail Itkin, Haakon Hop, Katrine Husum, Kit Kovacs, Christian Lydersen, Kenichi Matsuoka, Arto Miettinen, Geir Moholdt, Sebastien Moreau, Per Inge Myhre, Lisa Orme, Olga Pavlova, Ann Helene Tandberg
Summary: This article introduces the efforts of the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) in advancing the Strategic Plan of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) by designating Marine Protected Areas in the Southern Ocean. However, the lack of scientific knowledge and data in the eastern part of the region makes predicting future trends and providing management advice difficult. This review also highlights key knowledge gaps and provides guidance for future research in this important area.
Article
Oceanography
Alice Della Penna, Joan Llort, Sebastien Moreau, Ramkrushnbhai Patel, Rudy Kloser, Peter Gaube, Peter Strutton, Philip W. Boyd
Summary: Studies have shown that mesoscale eddies in the Southern Ocean affect the distribution of micronekton, which are important prey for megafauna. This study analyzes acoustic observations in a cyclonic eddy and its surrounding waters, revealing that the acoustic backscatter distribution matches the underwater light conditions of the eddy core, periphery, and surrounding waters at scales smaller than 10 km. The results suggest that the eddy maintains its biological characteristics from its source waters, creating a unique habitat compared to its surroundings.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
Frederic Vivier, Antonio Lourenco, Elisabeth Michel, Ragnheid Skogseth, Clement Rousset, Bruno Lansard, Pascale Bouruet-Aubertot, Jacqueline Boutin, Bruno Bombled, Yannis Cuypers, Olivier Crispi, Dennis Dausse, Herve Le Goff, Gurvan Madec, Martin Vancoppenolle, Fanny Van der Linden, Claire Waelbroeck
Summary: Storfjorden, Svalbard, is an important source region of Brine-enriched Shelf Water (BSW) for the Arctic Ocean deep water reservoir. Recent observations have revealed changes in the hydrographic state of the area, including a decrease in Melt Water and Storfjorden Surface Water at the surface and intrusion of Atlantic Water (AW) into the fjord. These changes may be related to wind stress anomalies around Svalbard.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2023)
Article
Oceanography
M. Corkill, S. Moreau, J. Janssens, A. D. Fraser, P. Heil, J. -l. Tison, E. A. Cougnon, C. Genovese, N. Kimura, K. M. Meiners, P. Wongpan, D. Lannuzel
Summary: Sea ice in Antarctica forms a barrier that affects the exchange of energy, gases, moisture, and particles between the ocean and atmosphere. The temperature, salinity, and composition of ice crystals determine its habitability for microorganisms and its permeability for exchanges. As the climate warms, the described features could occur earlier and more frequently, leading to more patchy permeability and accumulations of ice-algal in sea ice.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sebastien Moreau, Tore Hattermann, Laura de Steur, Hanna M. Kauko, Heidi Ahonen, Murat Ardelan, Philipp Assmy, Melissa Chierici, Sebastien Descamps, Tilman Dinter, Tone Falkenhaug, Agneta Fransson, Eirik Gronningsaeter, Elvar H. Hallfredsson, Oliver Huhn, Anais Lebrun, Andrew Lowther, Nico Luebcker, Pedro Monteiro, Ilka Peeken, Alakendra Roychoudhury, Magdalena Rozanska, Thomas Ryan-Keogh, Nicolas Sanchez, Asmita Singh, Jan Henrik Simonsen, Nadine Steiger, Sandy J. Thomalla, Andre van Tonder, Jozef M. Wiktor, Harald Steen
Summary: This study reports on a dense late summer phytoplankton bloom in the Southern Ocean that accumulated unusually high amounts of organic matter and supported feeding hot spots for birds and whales. The authors show that this recurring open ocean bloom is driven by anomalies in easterly winds that push sea ice southwards and favor the upwelling of deep waters enriched in hydrothermal iron.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Oceanography
Marion Lebrun, Martin Vancoppenolle, Gurvan Madec, Marcel Babin, Guislain Becu, Antonio Lourenco, Daiki Nomura, Frederic Vivier, Bruno Delille
Summary: By analyzing observational records from the Northern Hemisphere sea ice zone over the past decade, it was found that snow depth, melt pond presence, and ice thickness can explain the observed variance in under-ice light intensity. Most parameterizations can reproduce variations in under-ice light intensity, but large errors remain for individual records.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kenza Himmich, Martin Vancoppenolle, Gurvan Madec, Jean-Baptiste Sallee, Paul R. Holland, Marion Lebrun
Summary: This study investigates the processes driving the onset of the Antarctic sea ice season using remote sensing and in situ observations. The findings show that seawater freezing and drifting ice import are key factors for the advance of sea ice. The timing of sea ice retreat plays a crucial role in determining the heat stored in the summer ocean mixed layer, which is tightly linked to the advance dates.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Max Thomas, Briana Cate, Jack Garnett, Inga J. Smith, Martin Vancoppenolle, Crispin Halsall
Summary: We studied the impact of partial dissolution on the transportation of chemicals in sea ice. A brine convection model that accounts for decoupling of chemicals from convecting brine was developed and evaluated using observational data. Different decoupling schemes were tested, and it was found that decoupling based on a constant fraction of brine concentration or proportional to brine salinity showed better performance in agreement with observations. Our findings reveal that decoupling from convecting brine can enrich chemical concentrations in growing sea ice, highlighting the usefulness of brine convection modeling in studying complex chemical behaviors in sea ice.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Katherine Hutchinson, Julie Deshayes, Christian Ethe, Clement Rousset, Casimir de Lavergne, Martin Vancoppenolle, Nicolas C. Jourdain, Pierre Mathiot
Summary: By simulating the circulation of Antarctic ice shelves, it was found that a grid resolution of 1 degree is sufficient to produce melt rate patterns and total melt fluxes that agree well with high-resolution models and satellite measurements. Allowing sub-ice shelf circulation reduces salinity biases, produces previously unresolved water masses, and reorganizes shelf circulation to better match observations. This study provides a NEMO configuration for improved representation of Antarctic continental shelf circulation and the precursors of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW).
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Xia Lin, Francois Massonnet, Thierry Fichefet, Martin Vancoppenolle
Summary: Atmospheric reanalyses are important for driving ocean-sea ice models and reconstructions of the polar ocean-sea ice system. Biases in the representation of sea ice in these reanalyses have been observed. This study investigates the sea ice concentration budget, surface fluxes, and ice drift simulations in different models to understand the improvements in the updated Japanese atmospheric reanalysis compared to a previous reanalysis. The findings suggest that changes in surface heat and wind fluxes play a significant role in reducing biases and improving the simulations in the Arctic and Antarctic regions.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Yafei Nie, Chengkun Li, Martin Vancoppenolle, Bin Cheng, Fabio Boeira Dias, Xianqing Lv, Petteri Uotila
Summary: In this study, the sensitivity of 18 key NEMO4.0-SI3 model parameters on simulated Antarctic sea ice concentration (SIC) and sea ice volume (SIV) budgets in the Southern Ocean was investigated. It was found that the simulated SIC and SIV budgets are sensitive to several parameters, including ice strength, thermal conductivity of snow, ice categories, and drag coefficients. Optimizing the drag coefficients can reduce the difference between simulated and observed SIC budgets by about 10%.
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Hugues Goosse, Sofia Allende Contador, Cecilia M. Bitz, Edward Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, Clare Eayrs, Thierry Fichefet, Kenza Himmich, Pierre-Vincent Huot, Francois Klein, Sylvain Marchi, Francois Massonnet, Bianca Mezzina, Charles Pelletier, Lettie Roach, Martin Vancoppenolle, Nicole P. M. van Lipzig
Summary: The seasonal cycle of Antarctic sea ice extent is asymmetric, with slow growth after summer followed by rapid decrease after winter. This cycle is linked to the seasonal insolation, but sea ice processes and exchanges with the atmosphere and ocean also play a role. Idealized sensitivity experiments were performed to quantify these contributions and found that the retreat of sea ice extent is influenced by surface albedo and sea ice transport modifications.
Article
Ecology
Hanna M. Kauko, Philipp Assmy, Ilka Peeken, Magdalena Rozanska-Pluta, Jozef M. Wiktor, Gunnar Bratbak, Asmita Singh, Thomas J. Ryan-Keogh, Sebastien Moreau
Summary: This study examines the community composition of phytoplankton and protozooplankton in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean in March 2019. The results show that the studied area is characterized by oceanic diatoms typical of the iron-depleted high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll (HNLC) Southern Ocean. The dominant species, Chaetoceros dichaeta, can form blooms and contribute to carbon export and upper trophic levels within HNLC areas.
Review
Ecology
Julian Gutt, Stefanie Arndt, David Keith Alan Barnes, Horst Bornemann, Thomas Brey, Olaf Eisen, Hauke Flores, Huw Griffiths, Christian Haas, Stefan Hain, Tore Hattermann, Christoph Held, Mario Hoppema, Enrique Isla, Markus Janout, Celine Le Bohec, Heike Link, Felix Christopher Mark, Sebastien Moreau, Scarlett Trimborn, Ilse van Opzeeland, Hans-Otto Poertner, Fokje Schaafsma, Katharina Teschke, Sandra Tippenhauer, Anton Van de Putte, Mia Wege, Daniel Zitterbart, Dieter Piepenburg
Summary: Systematic long-term studies on ecosystem dynamics are lacking in the East Antarctic Southern Ocean. This study proposes a framework for a cross-disciplinary long-term study in the eastern Weddell Sea and adjacent areas, which have so far experienced comparatively muted climate and environmental change. By establishing an observatory and conducting regular surveys, researchers aim to explore and map long-term changes in ocean dynamics, geochemistry, biodiversity, and ecosystem functions and services. The integrated approach will provide crucial data for understanding and projecting the consequences of climate change and supporting conservation efforts in the Southern Ocean.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Ralf Doscher, Mario Acosta, Andrea Alessandri, Peter Anthoni, Thomas Arsouze, Tommi Bergman, Raffaele Bernardello, Souhail Boussetta, Louis-Philippe Caron, Glenn Carver, Miguel Castrillo, Franco Catalano, Ivana Cvijanovic, Paolo Davini, Evelien Dekker, Francisco J. Doblas-Reyes, David Docquier, Pablo Echevarria, Uwe Fladrich, Ramon Fuentes-Franco, Matthias Groger, Jost Hardenberg, Jenny Hieronymus, M. Pasha Karami, Jukka-Pekka Keskinen, Torben Koenigk, Risto Makkonen, Francois Massonnet, Martin Menegoz, Paul A. Miller, Eduardo Moreno-Chamarro, Lars Nieradzik, Twan van Noije, Paul Nolan, Declan O'Donnell, Pirkka Ollinaho, Gijs van den Oord, Pablo Ortega, Oriol Tinto Prims, Arthur Ramos, Thomas Reerink, Clement Rousset, Yohan Ruprich-Robert, Philippe Le Sager, Torben Schmith, Roland Schrodner, Federico Serva, Valentina Sicardi, Marianne Sloth Madsen, Benjamin Smith, Tian Tian, Etienne Tourigny, Petteri Uotila, Martin Vancoppenolle, Shiyu Wang, David Warlind, Ulrika Willen, Klaus Wyser, Shuting Yang, Xavier Yepes-Arbos, Qiong Zhang
Summary: EC-Earth3 is a Earth system model contributing to CMIP6, featuring a flexible coupling framework, various model configurations, ensuring simulations comparability across different HPC systems, and demonstrating improved physical and dynamic features. It represents a clear step forward for European community ESM with improved physical performance compared to CMIP5 version.
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
(2022)
