Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Yurong Hou, Nathaniel C. Johnson, Chueh-Hsin Chang, Weijun Sun, Kai Man, Yujie Miao, Xichen Li
Summary: In recent decades, cold winters and springs over mid-latitude North America have been occurring frequently, contrary to the anthropogenic global warming trend. This study investigates the teleconnection between tropical oceans and North America, revealing that an anomalous tropical Atlantic warming can trigger a cold spring over central-western mid-latitude North America. The mechanisms revealed in this study have important implications for the predictability of cold springs over North America and various sectors such as agriculture, power supply, and public health.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ruiqiang Ding, Hyacinth C. Nnamchi, Jin-Yi Yu, Tim Li, Cheng Sun, Jianping Li, Yu-Heng Tseng, Xichen Li, Fei Xie, Juan Feng, Kai Ji, Xumin Li
Summary: The connection between the North Tropical Atlantic (NTA) sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies and El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events varies considerably over multidecadal timescales and is mainly controlled by the multidecadal variability of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). During the positive phase of the NAO, the NTA impact on ENSO is amplified due to strengthening of precipitation over the equatorial Atlantic and enhancement of the persistence of NTA SST anomalies.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Chengfei He, Amy C. Clement, Mark A. Cane, Lisa N. Murphy, Jeremy M. Klavans, Tyler M. Fenske
Summary: The subpolar North Atlantic has experienced a decrease in sea surface temperature over the past century, known as the warming hole. While it is commonly believed to be caused by the slowdown of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, this study shows that the atmosphere alone can account for a significant portion of the observed cooling trend. Increased local westerlies enhance heat loss from the ocean, leading to the cooling effect. Wind-driven ocean processes may also contribute to the cooling, but the ultimate driver remains in the atmosphere.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Gyu-Ho Noh, Kuk-Hyun Ahn
Summary: This study investigates the predictability of early winter precipitation in South Korea using North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) patterns with a lead time of 6-7 months. The results show that SST anomalies in the North Atlantic are associated with variations in early winter precipitation, which are influenced by summer sea ice concentration in the Arctic. These patterns modulate the atmospheric circulation over Eurasia and extend to East Asia through Rossby wave propagation, impacting the interannual variability of early winter precipitation. The study suggests that North Atlantic SST anomalies have potential for drought impact mitigation planning, with extended forecast lead times.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuki Kusakabe, Toshihiko Takemura
Summary: By reducing sulphate aerosols in air pollution, a phenomenon called the North Atlantic Warming Hole (NAWH) can form, similar to the formation due to increased CO2 concentrations. Sensitivity experiments were conducted by varying sulphur dioxide (SO2) emissions, finding that the spatial patterns of NAWH due to changes in SO2 emissions were similar to those due to changes in CO2 concentrations, but the magnitude of the shifts in ocean parameters due to changes in SO2 emissions was larger, even when changes in global mean temperature were comparable.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
T. Fenske, A. Clement
Summary: This study reexamines the relationships between low frequency climate modes in the Northern Hemisphere ocean basins using observed sea surface temperatures and climate model simulations. Improved methods of separating external and internal variability, as well as detrending techniques, are employed. The findings suggest that any internal connections between these modes are indistinguishable from random noise and that external forcing affects each region in similar ways, potentially causing an indirect link between the basins.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Emilie C. Iversen, Oivind Hodnebrog, Lise Seland Graff, Bjorn Egil Nygaard, Trond Iversen
Summary: Climate projections in the North Atlantic region suffer from uncertainties, especially in precipitation. This study focuses on the North Atlantic warming hole (NAWH) and investigates the projected winter precipitation decrease in the northeastern North Atlantic region using the CESM2 model. The results suggest that changes in stratiform precipitation are influenced by storm-track changes, while convective precipitation decreases due to reduced sea surface temperatures associated with the NAWH.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tiejun Xie, Ji Wang, Hui Gao, Liang Zhao, Yanju Liu, Linhai Sun
Summary: The July precipitation in North China contributes the most to the total annual precipitation, and it shows significant interdecadal and interannual variability. A study on interdecadal variability revealed that the interannual variability of the July precipitation in North China is influenced by a sea surface temperature pattern in the northwest Pacific called the northwest Pacific SST tripole (NWPT), which is regulated by the decadal northern North Atlantic SST (NNASST). Analysis and experiments indicate that the positive (negative) NWPT in July can strengthen (weaken) the North China July precipitation by generating anomalous anticyclone (cyclone) in the Korean peninsula region and anomalous cyclone (anticyclone) in the northwest Pacific off southeast Japan. The relationship between NWPT and NCJP is not favorable when decadal NNASST is significantly positive in producing positive geopotential height anomalies in the northwestern region off North China. However, when decadal NNASST is in a negative or insignificantly positive phase, there is a significant positive correlation between July NWPT and NCJP on the interannual timescale.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Linye Song, Shangfeng Chen, Wen Chen, Jianping Guo, Conglan Cheng, Yong Wang
Summary: This study reveals that haze pollution in the North China Plain during winter can persist into the following spring due to specific atmospheric anomalies. The evolution of haze pollution and atmospheric anomalies are influenced by sea surface temperature anomalies in the North Atlantic, which can serve as important signals for predicting haze pollution one season ahead over the North China Plain.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Clare Ostle, Peter Landschuetzer, Martin Edwards, Martin Johnson, Sunke Schmidtko, Ute Schuster, Andrew J. Watson, Carol Robinson
Summary: The North Atlantic Ocean is the most significant marine sink for anthropogenic CO2 emissions, and the variability and trends of this sink are influenced by changes in phytoplankton abundance and community structure. Increases in phytoplankton biomass in the subpolar regions and decreases in the subtropics are synchronous with temperature changes and contribute to the uptake of atmospheric CO2 in the North Atlantic.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jose C. Fernandez-Alvarez, Albenis Perez-Alarcon, Jorge Eiras-Barca, Stefan Rahimi, Raquel Nieto, Luis Gimeno
Summary: This study predicts that global warming and changes in atmospheric circulation will affect the hydrological cycle and the intensity and position of moisture sources. By the end of the century, moisture from the North Atlantic Ocean is expected to increase precipitation in eastern North America and the British Isles, while moisture from the Mediterranean Sea will decrease precipitation in eastern Europe.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Leying Zhang, Jiuwei Zhao, Jong-Seong Kug, Xin Geng, Haiming Xu, Jingjia Luo, Jae-Heung Park, Ruifen Zhan
Summary: The study identified two distinct sea surface temperature warming patterns, La Nina-like and El Nino-like, in CMIP5 models, which are influenced by the tropical Indo-Pacific SST gradient. The PW pattern in individual models is nonstationary and may change in the future.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Xiaowei Hong, Riyu Lu, Shangfeng Chen, Shuanglin Li
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between the summer North Atlantic Oscillation (SNAO) and the Silk Road pattern (SRP) and classifies the SNAO into two categories: strongly linked and weakly linked. It finds that the strongly linked SNAO is associated with precipitation and wind anomalies in northwestern Europe, leading to the formation of the SRP. The study also discusses the interdecadal correspondence between SNAO and SRP and finds similar results.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yun Yang, Lixin Wu, Ying Guo, Bolan Gan, Wenju Cai, Gang Huang, Xichen Li, Tao Geng, Zhao Jing, Shujun Li, Xi Liang, Shang-Ping Xie
Summary: The variability of North Tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature, influenced by El Nino-Southern Oscillation and the North Atlantic Oscillation, may intensify under greenhouse warming, leading to increased occurrences of extreme events.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Mengqi Zhang, Jianqi Sun, Yongqi Gao
Summary: The study investigates the predominant modes of April-to-May precipitation evolution over Northeast China from 1979 to 2016, and their connections with North Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies. It found that different modes are related to Northeast China precipitation through exciting wave trains or influencing atmospheric circulation and precipitation anomalies.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qihua Peng, Shang-Ping Xie, Dongxiao Wang, Rui Xin Huang, Gengxin Chen, Yeqiang Shu, Jia-Rui Shi, Wei Liu
Summary: The changes in ocean circulation in a warming climate are poorly understood but important. Using a global ocean model, this study explores the distinct responses of ocean circulation to changes in sea surface temperature, salinity, and wind. The results reveal that the surface warming effect dominates and accelerates upper ocean currents globally, while wind stress and surface salinity changes affect regional current systems.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiangzhou Song, Xuehan Xie, Bo Qiu, Haijin Cao, Shang-Ping Xie, Zhiqiang Chen, Weidong Yu
Summary: This study investigates the latent heat flux (LH) anomalies associated with submesoscale processes in a cyclonic eddy using recent satellite-ship-coordinated air-sea observations. Unbalanced submesoscale features are identified as submesoscale SST fronts. The results show that these submesoscale fronts induce larger LH anomalies than mesoscale eddies and have a higher spatial gradient.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Matthew T. Luongo, Shang-Ping Xie, Ian Eisenman
Summary: In this study, the researchers investigate the partitioning between buoyancy and momentum forcing in the ocean's response to changes in cross-equatorial ocean heat transport (OHT). They find that buoyancy-driven changes in the deep Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) dominate in the Atlantic, while buoyancy-driven changes in the Indo-Pacific's shallow subtropical cells (STCs) are the primary driver of heat transport changes in the Indo-Pacific. The results suggest that understanding the ocean's total response to energy perturbations by partitioning into buoyancy and momentum forcing provides insight into how the ocean damps intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) migrations.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hanjun Kim, Sarah M. Kang, Jennifer E. Kay, Shang-Ping Xie
Summary: Excessive precipitation over the southeastern tropical Pacific is a persistent bias in global climate models. Recent studies suggest that an overly warm Southern Ocean may be the cause. Through experiments, researchers have found a teleconnection between the Southern Ocean and the tropical Pacific mediated by cloud feedback.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jiyeong Kim, Sarah M. Kang, Shang-Ping Xie, Baoqiang Xiang, Doyeon Kim, Xiao-Tong Zheng, Hai Wang
Summary: This study investigates the effect of ocean dynamics on the tropical climate response to localized radiative cooling over three northern extratropical land regions. The results show that ocean dynamics can modulate the spatial pattern of climate response and its effect depends on the extratropical forcing location.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Liu Yang, Shang-Ping Xie, Samuel S. P. Shen, Jing-Wu Liu, Yen-Ting Hwang
Summary: It is found that the interaction between low clouds and sea surface temperature (SST) in the northeastern Pacific Ocean (NEP) leads to positive feedback and amplifies SST variations. Wind fluctuations and surface evaporation contribute to the variability of SST through wind-evaporation-SST (WES) feedback. The study confirmed the mediating role of the NEP low cloud-SST feedback in modulating ENSO.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jiping Liu, Mirong Song, Zhu Zhu, Radley M. Horton, Yongyun Hu, Shang-Ping Xie
Summary: With the disappearance of Arctic ice, the frequency of strong El Nino events increases by more than a third. This study reveals that a significant portion of the increase in strong El Nino events near the end of the 21st century can be attributed to the loss of Arctic sea-ice. The seasonally ice-free Arctic could play a key role in driving more frequent strong El Nino events.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Soong-Ki Kim, Jongsoo Shin, Soon-Il An, Hyo-Jeong Kim, Nari Im, Shang-Ping Xie, Jong-Seong Kug, Sang-Wook Yeh
Summary: The study reveals that some climate variables do not exhibit the same response to declining CO2 concentrations as they did during the preceding increase. Surface temperature and precipitation show globally widespread irreversible changes over centuries. The researchers quantify the hysteresis and reversibility on a regional scale and identify global hotspots of irreversible changes.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Matthew T. Luongo, Shang-Ping Xie, Ian Eisenman, Yen-Ting Hwang, Hung-Yi Tseng
Summary: Previous studies have shown that aerosol-like cooling in the Northern Hemisphere leads to a La Nina-like response in the tropical Indo-Pacific. This study investigates the communication and sustainability of this response through a coupled ocean-atmosphere feedback pathway. The results suggest that the buoyancy-forced response dominates in the subtropics, amplifying sea surface temperature anomalies and communicating wind-driven evaporative cooling to the tropics. In the equatorial Indo-Pacific, buoyancy-forced ocean dynamics cool the surface while the Bjerknes feedback creates zonally asymmetric SST patterns. Robustness of the subtropical low cloud feedback pathway is observed across multiple models.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Chuan-Yang Wang, Xiao-Tong Zheng, Shang-Ping Xie
Summary: This study demonstrates that under global warming, annual variability in precipitation, low-level winds, and sea level pressure over the Indo-western Pacific will intensify. This intensification is primarily attributed to the increased specific humidity, resulting in enhanced precipitation variability. The strengthened large-scale anomalous anticyclone further intensifies the precipitation anomalies. However, the interbasin positive feedback between the anticyclone and northern Indian Ocean SST shows no significant change.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Qihua Peng, Shang -ping Xie, Rui Xin Huang, Weiqiang Wang, Tingting ZU, Dongxiao Wang
Summary: This study reveals that the slowdown of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) under anthropogenic warming is mainly caused by remote anomalous buoyancy forcing in the North Atlantic Ocean. Surface freshening and warming in the North Atlantic Ocean slow down the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), leading to a reduction in ITF transport.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Guihua Wang, Lingwei Wu, Wei Mei, Shang-Ping Xie
Summary: Theory and numerical modelling suggest that tropical cyclones will strengthen with rising ocean temperatures, although observed trends in TC intensity remain inconclusive and under debate. This study shows that weak TCs have intensified in all ocean basins during 1991-2020 based on accurate ocean current data, providing a crucial historical baseline to assess model simulations.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yadi Li, Xichen Li, Shang-Ping Xie, Gan Zhang, Zhuo Wang, Wenzhu Wang, Yurong Hou
Summary: The Hadley circulation is not uniformly distributed longitudinally and has profound impacts on regional climates. This study evaluates the climatology and seasonality of the three-dimensional mass stream function (MSF) and regional manifestations of the Hadley circulation in eight commonly used reanalysis datasets. The spatial structure of regional cells is consistent among datasets, but the intensities of the MSF show a large spread. The findings emphasize uncertainties in the regional circulation of reanalysis datasets and have implications for interpreting past and future circulation changes.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Yadi Li, Shang-Ping Xie, Tao Lian, Gan Zhang, Juan Feng, Jing Ma, Qihua Peng, Wenzhu Wang, Yurong Hou, Xichen Li
Summary: El Nino triggers variations in the global Hadley circulation, while the latter may potentially feedback to El Nino events. Previous studies mainly focused on the interactions between El Nino and the zonal-mean Hadley circulation. This study introduces a regional perspective by considering zonal variations in the Hadley circulation. The results show intensification of the regional Hadley circulation over the central-eastern Pacific during El Nino, while weakening over the Indo-Pacific warm pool and the tropical Atlantic. The asymmetric component of the Hadley circulation has a lead correlation with El Nino, with the springtime anomaly leading the El Nino event.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Limnology
Yun Liang, Yan Du, Shang-Ping Xie
Summary: In this study, the impact of sea surface temperature (SST) variability on the pre-monsoonal intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) over the South China Sea was investigated using the CESM2 model. Comparison of observations and model simulations revealed the significant role of air-sea coupling in reproducing realistic ISOs. The time lag between SST warming and peak convection highlights the importance of considering this phase relationship in atmospheric modeling.
JOURNAL OF OCEANOLOGY AND LIMNOLOGY
(2023)
