Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maureen Coleman
Summary: Research on phytoplankton genomes reveals the scarcity of marine nutrients.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Donata Giglio, Sarah T. Gille, Bruce D. Cornuelle, Aneesh C. Subramanian, F. Joseph Turk, Svetla Hristova-Veleva, Devon Northcott
Summary: This study examines the diurnal variability of upper-ocean winds and finds that the amplitude of meridional winds is larger than zonal winds, with a peak in the tropical Pacific. The amplitude and phase of diurnal winds in the tropical oceans are not uniform over time, with larger differences in the meridional component throughout the year.
Article
Limnology
Yuqiu Wei, Jun Sun, Liuyang Li, Zhengguo Cui
Summary: In nutrient-depleted waters, the cellular silicon content of Synechococcus varies greatly, with lower average values in the eastern Indian Ocean compared to the western Pacific Ocean. Synechococcus has a small but persistent contribution to biogenic silicon stocks, accounting for 2-3% of the global ocean diatom silicon stock.
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Maxim Y. Gorbunov, Paul G. Falkowski
Summary: Phytoplankton in the ocean contribute a significant amount of photosynthetically fixed carbon on Earth, but their photosynthetic energy conversion efficiency is exceptionally low, indicating a nutrient deficiency in most open ocean surface waters.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jianhuang Qin, Ze Meng, Wenlong Xu, Baosheng Li, Xuhua Cheng, Raghu Murtugudde
Summary: This study diagnoses the drivers of intraseasonal variability of mixed layer chlorophyll-a (Chl) concentration in the tropical Indian Ocean during boreal summer using a well-tested coupled ocean-ecosystem model. Wind forcing is identified as the primary source for energetic intraseasonal Chl concentration variability in the eastern Arabian Sea and western Bay of Bengal, modulated by the Central Indian Ocean mode.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Guangming Mai, Jihua Liu, Xiaomin Xia, Xinyue Pang, Binkai Li, Linghui Yu, Yehui Tan, Xingyu Song, Gang Li
Summary: The study reveals that the rising temperature in tropical oceans adversely affects the photophysiology of natural phytoplankton assemblages, leading to physiological responses to increasing temperatures.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dongyan Liu, Chongran Zhou, John K. Keesing, Oscar Serrano, Axel Werner, Yin Fang, Yingjun Chen, Pere Masque, Janine Kinloch, Aleksey Sadekov, Yan Du
Summary: This study reveals a long-term positive correlation between wildfire magnitude and marine phytoplankton production in a fire-prone region off the coast of Australia, using geochemical paleo-reconstructions.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Lei Xue, David J. Kieber
Summary: Research has identified a new source of acrylate in seawater as a product of the photolysis of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Photochemical production rates are positively correlated with seawater absorption coefficient and are mainly initiated by UV radiation, with UV-B and UV-A contributing to the total production.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Mark E. Torchin, Amy L. Freestone, Linda McCann, Kristen Larson, Carmen Schloder, Brian P. Steves, Paul Fofonoff, Michele F. Repetto, Gregory M. Ruiz
Summary: Research shows that there is asymmetry in the invasive species richness between the two tropical oceans, with the Pacific having a higher abundance of non-native species. Predation pressure significantly reduced biomass in the Pacific, while no such effects were observed in the Atlantic. These findings suggest that global invasion dynamics are influenced by both ecological and evolutionary factors that determine susceptibility and directionality of invasions across biogeographic scales.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jonathan Sherman, Ajit Subramaniam, Maxim Y. Gorbunov, Ana Fernandez-Carrera, Rainer Kiko, Peter Brandt, Paul G. Falkowski
Summary: Nitrogen availability is believed to control phytoplankton dynamics in the Equatorial Atlantic, but research on phytoplankton physiology and productivity in this area is limited. This study used custom-built fluorometers to measure phytoplankton photophysiology and found that tropical instability waves and related processes may cause changes in the region. The results support the hypothesis that nitrogen is the limiting factor in the area and phytoplankton are in a state of balanced growth, waiting for nutrient stimulation.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Limnology
John R. Gardner, Martin W. Doyle, Scott H. Ensign, David M. Kahler
Summary: Vertical motion plays a crucial role in sunlight exposure in aquatic environments. A simple model is developed to estimate the depth that contributes the most sunlight exposure (effective depth) and the depth that produces the same total sunlight exposure as a moving particle (functional depth). Field measurements confirm the validity of the model.
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Monique Messie, Anne Petrenko, Andrea M. Doglioli, Elodie Martinez, Severine Alvain
Summary: Tropical Pacific islands enhance phytoplankton biomass, productivity, and biodiversity at both local and basin scales, contributing to the island mass effect. Enriched waters near islands impact a significant portion of the tropical Pacific Ocean, affecting phytoplankton community structure and biodiversity.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zhen Wu, Stephanie Dutkiewicz, Oliver Jahn, Daniel Sher, Angelicque White, Michael J. Follows
Summary: Decoupling photosynthesis and biosynthesis under energy rich conditions can significantly improve simulated vertical profile of primary production, with global primary production increase by over 30%. This highlights the importance of exudation as a major physiological process affecting ocean biogeochemistry.
GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Xingchao Chen, L. Ruby Leung, Zhe Feng, Qiu Yang
Summary: Based on 20 years of satellite observations, reanalysis data, and MCS tracking, this study examines the environmental controls on tropical oceanic MCS precipitation. The results show that MCSs initiating in a mesoscale environment with enhanced lower-free-tropospheric moisture, warmer middle troposphere, stronger low-level ascent, and stronger deep-layer wind shear tend to produce more precipitation. The study also finds nonlinearity in the relationship between lower-free-tropospheric specific humidity and MCS lifetime rainfall, while both MCS area and rain rate increase quasi-linearly with deep-layer wind shear.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jia-Zhen Wang, Chunzai Wang
Summary: The formation of a super El Nino is related to early onset El Nino, Atlantic Nina, and positive Indian Ocean dipole occurring simultaneously, referred to as the Indo-Atlantic Booster (IAB). The study analyzes the formation mechanism of super El Nino through three-ocean interactions and seasonal influences.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Shrivardhan Hulswar, Prajakta Mohite, Anoop S. Mahajan
Summary: Loss of stratospheric ozone has occurred due to anthropogenic compounds, and the number of saturated ozone loss events in Antarctica has been studied using satellite observations. The analysis shows a gradual decrease in loss events from 2004 to 2013, followed by no significant trend and strong interannual variation correlated with temperature.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, A. Ulises Acuna, Anoop S. Mahajan, Juan Z. Davalos, Wuhu Feng, Daniel Roca-Sanjuan, Javier Carmona-Garcia, Carlos A. Cuevas, Douglas E. Kinnison, Juan Carlos Gomez Martin, Joseph S. Francisco, John M. C. Plane
Summary: This article presents the first model of stratospheric mercury chemistry and identifies two distinct mercury chemical regimes. The study also reveals that the oxidation of mercury in the stratosphere is faster than previously assumed, but regulated by photo-reduction. The lifetime of mercury in the stratosphere shows a significant variation.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Nuria Benavent, Anoop S. Mahajan, Qinyi Li, Carlos A. Cuevas, Julia Schmale, Helene Angot, Tuija Jokinen, Lauriane L. J. Quelever, Anne-Marlene Blechschmidt, Bianca Zilker, Andreas Richter, Jesus A. Serna, David Garcia-Nieto, Rafael P. Fernandez, Henrik Skov, Adela Dumitrascu, Patric Simoes Pereira, Katarina Abrahamsson, Silvia Bucci, Marina Duetsch, Andreas Stohl, Ivo Beck, Tiia Laurila, Byron Blomquist, Dean Howard, Stephen D. Archer, Ludovic Bariteau, Detlev Helmig, Jacques Hueber, Hans-Werner Jacobi, Kevin Posman, Lubna Dada, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
Summary: The study found that iodine chemistry plays a more important role than bromine chemistry in tropospheric ozone losses in the Arctic. Chemical reactions between iodine and ozone were identified as the second highest contributor to ozone loss over the study period.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Charel Wohl, Qinyi Li, Carlos A. Cuevas, Rafael P. Fernandez, Mingxi Yang, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, Rafel Simo
Summary: Measurements of benzene and toluene in the remote Southern Ocean and the Arctic marginal ice zone suggest a marine biogenic source. Calculated emission fluxes for benzene and toluene in the Southern Ocean were 0.023 +/- 0.030 and 0.039 +/- 0.036 μmol m-2 day-1, while in the Arctic, they were 0.023 +/- 0.028 and 0.034 +/- 0.041 μmol m-2 day-1, respectively. These emissions, previously overlooked, have a significant impact on secondary organic aerosol mass concentrations, particularly over the Southern Ocean.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Delia Segato, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, Anoop Sharad Mahajan, Feiyue Wang, Juan Pablo Corella, Carlos Alberto Cuevas, Tobias Erhardt, Camilla Marie Jensen, Chantal Zeppenfeld, Helle Astrid Kjaer, Clara Turetta, Warren Raymond Lee Cairns, Carlo Barbante, Andrea Spolaor
Summary: According to ice-core data and atmospheric chemistry modeling, deposition of mercury onto the Greenland Ice Sheet increased during the transition from the Last Glacial Termination to the early Holocene epoch. This increase was associated with regional climate warming and the retreat of sea ice, driven by oceanic mercury evaporation and atmospheric bromine. The findings suggest that climate change may contribute to higher mercury levels in Arctic ecosystems.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, Rafael P. P. Fernandez, Qinyi Li, Carlos A. A. Cuevas, Xiao Fu, Douglas E. E. Kinnison, Simone Tilmes, Anoop S. S. Mahajan, Juan Carlos Gomez Martin, Fernando Iglesias-Suarez, Ryan Hossaini, John M. C. Plane, Gunnar Myhre, Jean-Francois Lamarque
Summary: Observational evidence suggests that ocean-emitted short-lived halogens have a widespread presence in the global atmosphere. These compounds, both naturally emitted and anthropogenically amplified, have a significant cooling effect on Earth's radiative balance. This effect has increased since pre-industrial times and is projected to change further in the future.
Article
Limnology
Marti Gali, Emmanuel Devred, Gonzalo L. Perez, David J. Kieber, Rafel Simo
Summary: Photochemical reactions initiated by ultraviolet radiation can remove the climate-active gas dimethylsulfide (DMS) from the ocean's surface layer. We quantified DMS photolysis using a satellite-based model that considers spectral irradiance attenuation, absorption by dissolved organic matter, and the apparent quantum yields (AQYs) of DMS degradation. Two alternative parameterizations for AQY estimate global DMS photolysis at 17-20 Tg S yr(-1), of which about 73% occurs in the Southern hemisphere. Simplified schemes used in current biogeochemical models overestimate DMS photolysis by around 150% globally, and we propose relevant corrections and adjustments.
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Ecology
George Manville, Thomas G. Bell, Jane P. Mulcahy, Rafel Simo, Marti Gali, Anoop S. Mahajan, Shrivardhan Hulswar, Paul R. Halloran
Summary: Dimethylsulfide (DMS) emitted from the ocean plays a significant role in our planet's climate. This study investigates the variability of DMS concentrations at local scales and identifies the mechanisms driving this variability. The results show that both physical and biogeochemical processes contribute to DMS variability, with mesoscale eddies playing an important role. The study also highlights the regional differences in DMS variability and suggests that submesoscale features should be considered in DMS models and parameterizations.
Article
Limnology
Guillaume Le Gland, Marta Masdeu-Navarro, Marti Gali, Sergio M. Vallina, Matti Gralka, Flora Vincent, Otto Cordero, Assaf Vardi, Rafel Simo
Summary: In this study, the dynamics of DMSP and DMS in the ocean and their related biological processes were investigated through experiments and modeling. The results show that phytoplankton blooms can increase DMS emission, but only during a transient regime of a few weeks. Additionally, viral infection has an impact on the production and emission of DMS.
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mriganka Sekhar Biswas, Prithviraj Mali, Christophe Lerot, Isabelle De Smedt, Anoop S. Mahajan
Summary: This study investigates the levels of atmospheric glyoxal in three locations in India using Multi-Axis Differential Optical Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) observations and compares them to satellite observations. The results show that glyoxal levels are highest in Delhi, lowest in Mahabaleshwar, and similar but slightly lower in Pune compared to Delhi. Pune exhibits significant seasonal variation in glyoxal levels.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Shrivardhan Hulswar, Rafel Simo, Marti Gali, Thomas G. Bell, Arancha Lana, Swaleha Inamdar, Paul R. Halloran, George Manville, Anoop Sharad Mahajan
Summary: This paper presents an updated estimation of global surface seawater dimethyl sulfide (DMS) climatology with significant improvements in data handling and processing. The results show a decrease in the global annual mean DMS concentration compared to the previous estimation, and large regional differences are observed. The global sea-to-air flux of DMS has also decreased, with the most significant changes occurring in high concentration regions such as the polar oceans.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Susann Tegtmeier, Christa Marandino, Yue Jia, Birgit Quack, Anoop S. Mahajan
Summary: This article reviews the current progress in detecting and understanding atmospheric gas-phase composition over the Indian Ocean and its impacts on marine ecosystems. The study finds that the changing atmospheric composition over the Indian Ocean can interact with oceanic biogeochemical cycles and impact marine ecosystems, resulting in potential climate feedbacks. However, the impacts of atmospheric pollution on oceanic biogeochemistry and trace gas cycling in the Indian Ocean region are severely understudied.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Rafel Simo, Pau Cortes-Greus, Pablo Rodriguez-Ros, Marta Masdeu-Navarro
Summary: By analyzing ship-based seawater incubation experiments, it was found that the chemical and biological degradation of isoprene in the surface ocean varies with chlorophyll-a concentration. The consumption rates of isoprene in the surface ocean are comparable or greater than ventilation rates to the atmosphere, especially in chlorophyll-a rich waters.
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
