Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Brett White, Ali Ghobadi
Summary: Medical schools have struggled with integrating basic science education with clinical application in the early curriculum. This article reviews three models used for clinical application of basic science education, including clinical retrofitting, parallel session development, and session co-creation.
Review
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Pauline Duffuler, Khushwant S. Bhullar, Stepheny C. de Campos Zani, Jianping Wu
Summary: Food-derived bioactive peptides and protein hydrolysates have gained attention as diet-based strategies for preventing and mitigating chronic diseases, but their clinical translation is limited by a lack of understanding of their mechanisms of action and pharmacokinetics. Commercialization is also hindered by limited information on efficacy, safety, bitter taste, and cost-effective production methods.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Vladimir Holan, Katerina Palacka, Barbora Hermankova
Summary: Cell therapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offers a potential treatment option for retinal degenerative diseases by utilizing the cells' immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory properties to support retinal cell survival and growth. MSCs also have the potential to protect retinal cells and contribute to the regeneration of the diseased retina.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xiaoliang Yang, Naotomo Kambe, Riko Takimoto-Ito, Kenji Kabashima
Summary: AD is an inflammatory skin disease influenced by genetics, immune response, and environment. Therapies like dupilumab, crisaborole, and delgocitinib provide hope for effective treatment, and offer insight into the pathophysiology of AD.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Editorial Material
Oncology
Kristian D. Stensland, Laura J. Damschroder, Anne E. Sales, Anne F. Schott, Ted A. Skolarus
Summary: Clinical trials are crucial for modern healthcare and have both societal and individual benefits. However, these trials often fail to achieve their goals and have low enrollment rates. The authors propose applying implementation science to clinical trials to improve their conduct and increase their effectiveness.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Gary Lin, Sauleh Siddiqui, Jen Bernstein, Diego A. Martinez, Lauren Gardner, Tenley Albright, Takeru Igusa
Summary: This study analyzed collaborations among actors in clinical trials, finding a positive correlation between interdisciplinary collaborations and successful clinical trials, and a negative effect of local clustering coefficient on success. Large pharmaceutical companies tend to collaborate with a wider range of actors, particularly smaller industry actors, which may result in exclusive access to resources. Further research is needed to understand how concentrations of influence and resources could impact treatment development gains.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Moritz Pohl, Lukas Baumann, Rouven Behnisch, Marietta Kirchner, Johannes Krisam, Anja Sander
Summary: Clinical trials are crucial for evaluating and comparing treatments, and the estimand framework provides a systematic approach to defining the treatment effect. It includes five attributes, with a focus on handling intercurrent events to ensure trial objectives are met.
DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Athanasios K. Anagnostopoulos, Anastasios Gaitanis, Ioannis Gkiozos, Emmanouil Athanasiadis, Sofia N. Chatziioannou, Konstantinos N. Syrigos, Dimitris Thanos, Achilles N. Chatziioannou, Nikolaos Papanikolaou
Summary: This review discusses the application of radiogenomics in cancer assessment, highlighting its limitations and offering solutions for clinical translation. Lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, has been studied using genomics and other high-throughput methods. Radiogenomics integrates genomics and radiomics to identify the molecular basis of imaging phenotypes. This review provides an overview of radiogenomics and its limitations in lung cancer clinical applications.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Tae Eun Kim, Ji-Eun Chang
Summary: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a less invasive treatment modality for cancer, showing promising results in lung, head and neck, skin, prostate, and breast cancer research. Development of targeted photosensitizers to improve treatment response is a key focus in ongoing PDT research.
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Fahad S. Alshehri
Summary: Tapentadol is a centrally acting analgesic compound that has dual mechanisms of action as a mu-opioid receptor agonist and noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitor. It provides a significant advantage over classic opioids in pain management, especially for chronic neuropathic pain. Tapentadol has fewer adverse effects compared to tramadol and other opioids, making it a new alternative for acute, chronic, and neuropathic pain treatment.
DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Andrew Y. Lin, Elisabetta Dinatolo, Marco Metra, Marco Sbolli, Nicolo Dasseni, Javed Butler, Barry H. Greenberg
Summary: Patients with heart failure are at high risk for thromboembolic events, regardless of atrial fibrillation. The benefits of oral anticoagulation in heart failure patients in sinus rhythm are uncertain, but recent studies suggest that low-dose direct-acting oral anticoagulants may improve outcomes and reduce thromboembolic events.
JACC-HEART FAILURE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anisa Rowhani-Farid, Mikas Grewal, Steven Solar, Allen O. Eghrari, Audrey D. Zhang, Cary P. Gross, Harlan M. Krumholz, Joseph S. Ross
Summary: The impact and effectiveness of clinical trial data sharing initiatives may vary depending on the data sharing model. By comparing the centralized model used by NHLBI and the decentralized model used by NCI, we found that more NHLBI-funded trials shared data and had more shared data publications. This suggests that the centralized data sharing model is more effective in promoting data sharing.
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Nathan W. Bean, Joseph G. Ibrahim, Matthew A. Psioda
Summary: In recent years, the use of multi-regional clinical trials (MRCTs) has become more popular in the pharmaceutical industry due to their ability to expedite global drug development. To address potential challenges with MRCTs, the International Council for Harmonisation released the E17 guidance document, suggesting the use of statistical methods that borrow information across regions when regional sample sizes are small. In this study, we propose a novel approach that utilizes Bayesian model averaging to borrow information in the joint analysis of survival and longitudinal data from MRCTs, demonstrating its increased rejection rate in testing the global treatment effect compared to methods analyzing survival data alone through simulation studies.
Review
Oncology
Aisha Babi, Karashash Menlibayeva, Torekhan Bex, Aidos Doskaliev, Serik Akshulakov, Maxim Shevtsov
Summary: This review examines the role and prognostic value of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in neuro-oncology, as well as the potential for using HSPs as therapeutic targets. Preclinical studies have shown the therapeutic potential of HSP inhibitors for targeting brain tumors, either as monotherapy or in combination with other treatment approaches.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Endre Sulyok, Balint Farkas, Bernadett Nagy, Akos Varnagy, Kalman Kovacs, Jozsef Bodis
Summary: This article discusses the risks of excessive sodium intake on the development of cardiovascular and renal diseases, as well as the storage and dissociation of sodium in the skin interstitium. It also explores the cellular response to increased tissue sodium concentration and the protective role of endothelial glycocalyx in sodium retention. Furthermore, it highlights the involvement of oxygen free radicals in sodium-induced tissue damage and mentions some clinical entities associated with sodium/volume retention and oxidative stress.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kelly Lambert, Daniel Pappas, Chiara Miglioretto, Arefeh Javadpour, Hannah Reveley, Laura Frank, Michael C. Grimm, Dorit Samocha-Bonet, Georgina L. Hold
Summary: This study conducted a systematic evaluation and meta-analysis of the dietary intake of adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), revealing that all subgroups of IBD patients have inadequate intake of energy, fiber, folate, and calcium. Additionally, their intake of various food groups is also insufficient, and compared to healthy individuals, IBD patients consume significantly less dietary fiber. Further research is needed to improve diet quality and understand factors influencing dietary intake in IBD.
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Paul O. Sheridan, Petra Louis, Eleni Tsompanidou, Sophie Shaw, Hermie J. Harmsen, Sylvia H. Duncan, Harry J. Flint, Alan W. Walker
Summary: Lactate accumulation in the human gut is related to negative health impacts, but lactate can be consumed and converted to beneficial short-chain fatty acids by lactate-utilizing bacteria. Transcriptomic analyses of two species of lactate-utilizing bacteria revealed differences in gene expression, potentially related to their ecological niches in the gut.
MICROBIAL GENOMICS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sophie Shaw, Susan Berry, John Thomson, Graeme I. Murray, Emad El-Omar, Georgina L. Hold
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between colonic mucosal microbiota and obesity, and found that obesity affects the composition of colonic mucosal microbiota. These findings are important for the development of pre-onset screening and therapeutic interventions.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Nik Sheng Ding, Daniel Tassone, Ibrahim Al Bakir, Kyle Wu, Alexander J. Thompson, William R. Connell, George Malietzis, Phillip Lung, Siddharth Singh, Chang-ho Ryan Choi, Simon Gabe, John T. Jenkins, Ailsa Hart
Summary: This review examines the impact and importance of body composition in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The findings suggest that alterations in body composition parameters are common in IBD patients, both during active disease and clinical remission, and are associated with poorer prognoses and treatment outcomes. Further investigation and application of body composition parameters have the potential to improve IBD outcomes in the future.
JOURNAL OF CROHNS & COLITIS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Omolanke T. Oyedemi, Sophie Shaw, Jennifer C. Martin, Funmilola A Ayeni, Karen P. Scott
Summary: This study investigates the evolution of gut microbiota in Nigerian infants and finds that the method of birth and feeding practices influence the composition of the microbiota. Breastfed and mixed-fed infants have different microbial profiles, and the introduction of solid foods encourages the colonization of specific marker organisms associated with carbohydrate metabolism.
Editorial Material
Genetics & Heredity
Jana Jezkova, Sophie Shaw, Nicola Taverner, Hywel J. Williams
Summary: This article discusses the application of rapid NGS techniques in diagnosing pediatric patients with suspected rare diseases, highlighting the associated challenges and future developments in this field.
Article
Microbiology
Indrani Mukhopadhya, Jennifer C. Martin, Sophie Shaw, Aileen J. McKinley, Silvia W. Gratz, Karen P. Scott
Summary: This study compares the bacterial profiles of faecal and mucosal microbiota and finds that faecal samples can be used as a convenient surrogate for rectal biopsy-associated microbiota. The results from bacterial culturing and 16S rRNA gene sequencing show similar taxonomic patterns.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Nurulamin M. Noor, Paula Sousa, Dominik Bettenworth, Fernando Gomollon, Triana Lobaton, Peter Bossuyt, Maria Jose Casanova, Nik S. Ding, Gabriele Dragoni, Federica Furfaro, Patrick F. van Rheenen, Maria Chaparro, Javier P. Gisbert, Edouard Louis, Konstantinos Papamichael
Summary: There is an increasing interest in discontinuing biological treatment for patients with Crohn's disease after a sustained period of remission. Evidence to date suggests that re-treatment with the same biological agent can often regain remission in cases of relapse. The concept of cycling biological therapy may allow a lower therapeutic burden for a subgroup of patients, ensuring disease control with decreased exposure to biological therapy.
JOURNAL OF CROHNS & COLITIS
(2023)
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Daniel Tassone, Robert Gilmore, Tanya Lee, Nik S. Ding
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Imogen Hartley, Tanya Lee, Nik S. Ding
Summary: This article is linked to the paper by Bokemeyer et al. To access this article, please visit the link.
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Robert Gilmore, Daniel Tassone, Nik S. Ding
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Natalie Yu, Danujan Sriranganathan, Gareth J. Walker, Aleksejs Sazonovs, Helen Wilding, Christopher Roberts, Nicholas A. Kennedy, Tariq Ahmad, Ray K. Boyapati, Nik S. Ding, Jonathan P. Segal
Summary: This study evaluated the global prevalence of NUDT15 genetic variants in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and the incidence of thiopurine-induced leukopenia (TIL) in these patients. The results showed that NUDT15 variants are common in IBD patients and strongly predict the risk of TIL. Pre-treatment NUDT15 genotyping should be considered, particularly in Asian populations, to guide treatment and prevent myelotoxicity.
JOURNAL OF CROHNS & COLITIS
(2023)
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Daniel Tassone, Imogen Hartley, Nik Sheng Ding
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Daniel Tassone, Imogen Hartley, Nik Sheng Ding
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Andrew Nelson, Christopher J. Stewart, Nicholas A. Kennedy, John K. Lodge, Mark Tremelling, Chris S. Probert, Miles Parkes, John C. Mansfield, Darren L. Smith, Georgina L. Hold, Charlie W. Lees, Simon H. Bridge, Christopher A. Lamb
Summary: Comparative analysis of fecal mycobiota in patients with CD and non-CD subjects revealed compositional changes in the gut mycobiota of CD patients, suggesting a potential role of fungi in the pathogenesis of CD. No NOD2 genotype-specific differences were observed in the fecal mycobiota.
JOURNAL OF CROHNS & COLITIS
(2021)