Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Dongdong Peng, Tianjun Zhou, Yong Sun, Ailan Lin
Summary: The study reveals that before the onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon, precipitation in South China is mainly sourced from land regions, while after the monsoon arrival, ocean sources play a larger role. Southeast Asia and the South China Sea are the primary moisture sources in both phases.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Fan Xin, Dongdong Peng, Run Liu, Shaw Chen Liu
Summary: This study investigates the moisture contributions and characteristics of extreme precipitation during the first rainy season in South China. The results show that land regions contribute more to extreme precipitation than ocean regions, and different types of extreme precipitation have different characteristics. This research is important for understanding the formation mechanisms and prediction of extreme precipitation events in South China.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Hanying Li, Peng Hu, Qiong Zhang, Ashish Sinha, Hai Cheng
Summary: This study explores the climatic controls on modern interannual rainfall variability on Rodrigues Island, finding that increased rainfall over the SWIO is associated with warm SSTs over the equatorial central Pacific and excited Rossby waves in the tropical Indian Ocean, leading to enhanced water vapor transport and positive feedback contributing to large interannual variations over the SWIO.
ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yingxia Gao, Pang-Chi Hsu, Shaojing Che, Changwen Yu, Shiru Han
Summary: We investigated the characteristics and mechanisms of subseasonal precipitation variability in North China during the rainy season. Two dominant intraseasonal modes with periods of 8-20 and 30-60 days were identified, explaining 62.8% of the total precipitation variability. Most heavy rainfall events were observed with enhanced positive phases of biweekly or/and 30-60-day precipitation modes. The anomalous lower-level southerly perturbations and summer-mean thermal wind were found to be key factors causing these precipitation anomalies.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Dongdong Peng, Ailan Lin, Xiantong Liu, Xin Huang, Hui Xiao, Huiqi Li
Summary: Extreme precipitation events during the rainy season in South China frequently occur in specific hotspots, posing a great threat to local society and economy. This study reveals the important roles of moisture sources from both ocean and land in these events.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Sinong Li, Huiping Yan, Jing-Jia Luo
Summary: Current dynamical models struggle to provide accurate seasonal forecasts of regional/local rainfall in South China. This study evaluates the skill of the NUIST-CFS1.0 model in predicting precipitation during the first rainy season from 1982 to 2020. Despite low overall predictability, NUIST-CFS1.0 outperforms other international models in terms of correlation coefficient skill for interannual precipitation anomalies and associated circulation patterns. It successfully captures the anomalous Philippines anticyclone, which plays a role in transporting moisture and heat to South China and influencing precipitation patterns.
ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ying Tang, Xin Xu, Yuanyuan Ju, Zhenyu Wu, Shushi Zhang, Xunlai Chen, Qi Xu
Summary: Based on Doppler radar observation and reanalysis data, this study examined the statistical characteristics of mesovortices (MVs) during the first rainy season in Guangdong, South China from 2017 to 2019. The results showed that MVs usually have short lifetimes, with about 70% lasting less than 30 minutes. The intensity and horizontal scale of the MVs were found to be proportional to their lifetime. The occurrence and characteristics of the MVs were closely related to topographical features, environmental conditions, and diurnal variations in different regions.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Aoqi Zhang, Yilun Chen, Weibiao Li, Shumin Chen
Summary: Based on GPM DPR and Himawari-8 AHI data, event-based investigations were conducted on pre-summer rainy season precipitation over south China. Rain clusters (RCs) were classified into three categories based on cloud-top temperature mode. RCs with cloud-top temperature mode < 230 K were associated with low-level velocity and jet, while RCs with cloud-top temperature mode > 265 K were mainly warm-cloud shallow precipitations triggered by local convection.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Fu Dong, Xiefei Zhi, Shoupeng Zhu, Ling Zhang, Fei Ge, Yi Fan, Yang Lyu, Jingyu Wang, Klaus Fraedrich
Summary: Using 23-year satellite observations and reanalysis data, the principal modes of the diurnal cycle of rainfall (DCR) over South China during the presummer rainy season were examined. Three distinctly different modes were identified: the early-afternoon precipitation (EAP) mode, the late-afternoon precipitation (LAP) mode, and the morning precipitation (MP) mode. These modes exhibit different characteristics in both time and space.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Fu Dong, Xiefei Zhi, Ling Zhang, Chengzhi Ye
Summary: The study found two distinct coastal boundary layer jets (CBLJs) with different diurnal cycles over the northern South China Sea, located at the Beibu Gulf and coastal area of Guangdong, which are closely related to factors such as Hainan Island, mountains over Vietnam, and large-scale sea breezes. These jets are essential for the formation of nocturnal and morning rainfall over Guangxi and Guangdong Province, while afternoon rainfall is influenced by the thermal effects of Hainan Island and eastward-propagating rainfall belts from Guangxi Province.
MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yanbo Nie, Jianqi Sun
Summary: This study explores the mechanisms behind low-latitude intraseasonal oscillations and their impact on regional persistent extreme precipitation events in Southwest China during rainy seasons. The majority of these events are characterized by 7-20-day variability, which is preconditioned by two different types of 7-20-day Rossby waves over the western North Pacific. These waves have direct and indirect effects on type-1 and type-2 events, respectively.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Zixuan Zeng, Jianqi Sun
Summary: This study investigates the interannual variations in spring precipitation intraseasonal variability over southern China (SC). It finds that SC spring precipitation exhibits distinct intraseasonal variations with a period of 7-25 days. The study also identifies two atmospheric wave trains during intraseasonal precipitation events, which propagate to East Asia. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of sea surface temperature conditions in the tropical Indian Ocean and the South China Sea for the propagation of the southern wave train and the occurrence of strong intraseasonal precipitation variability over SC.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yanbo Nie, Jianqi Sun
Summary: The study identified two types of atmospheric circulation anomalies that are favorable for extreme precipitation events over southwest China during the rainy seasons. Rossby wave trains from the Northeast Atlantic and the Ural Mountains are critical precursors of the extreme precipitation events. The low-latitude atmospheric circulation anomalies mainly determine the spatial differences and the extremeness of the events.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jiehua Ma, Jianqi Sun
Summary: This study developed a new statistical method combining EOF decomposition and regression to predict monthly precipitation over NEC in the rainy season. The results showed good agreement between predicted and observed values, with high correlation coefficients and hit rates, demonstrating the model's high predictive accuracy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Rodrigo Munoz-Sanchez, Paulina Ordonez, David Gallego, Carlos A. Ochoa-Moya
Summary: This study aims to define the onset and withdrawal dates of the rainy season in the Mexico Valley Basin. The analysis shows significant changes in precipitation and moisture transport during the onset and withdrawal periods, with interannual trends observed. Late withdrawal is associated with a positive ENSO Index and a strong Caribbean Low Level Jet, while early onset is associated with a weak Caribbean Low Level Jet.
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Zeng-Zhen Hu, Arun Kumar, Jieshun Zhu
Summary: Spatial patterns of signal and noise components for sea surface temperature (SST) predictions have not been analyzed in contrast to the temporal evolution of forecast ensemble mean (signal) and spread (noise) in an ensemble of seasonal forecasts. It is found that the leading empirical orthogonal function pattern of SST is similar between the signal and the noise with maximum loading in the central and eastern tropical Pacific associated with El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability. Although the largest variability in the signal and the noise is spatially collocated, their temporal evolution is independent.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Lei Zhang, Weiqing Han, Zeng-Zhen Hu
Summary: In 2019, an unprecedented extreme positive Indian Ocean dipole event occurred, leading to disastrous impacts on countries bordering the Indian Ocean. Various factors, including easterly wind bursts, warm sea surface temperature anomalies in the central-western tropical Pacific Ocean, and Madden-Julian oscillation events played key roles in triggering and sustaining the extreme pIOD.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Lin Wang, Chuang Zheng, Yuyun Liu
Summary: The East Asian winter monsoon in 2018 was characterized by below-normal surface air temperatures in central Siberia and eastern China, as well as three short-lived cold waves shaping the overall winter temperature pattern. While the atmospheric circulation anomalies during the cold waves did not align well with the overall winter mean fields, taking into account the role of these cold waves provided a better interpretation of the temperature pattern. Future studies should comprehensively examine the impacts of intraseasonal variability on the East Asian winter monsoon's climatic behavior to gain a more complete understanding of the issue.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lei Wang, Lin Wang, Wen Chen, Jingliang Huangfu
Summary: This study identifies the significant modulation of the stratosphere Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) on the winter Tropical Cyclone Precipitation (TCP) in the coastal regions of the western North Pacific (WNP). The research found that in the westerly QBO winter, there are anomalies in zonal wind vertical shear in the stratosphere which affect convective activities and lead to changes in TC activities in specific areas, resulting in a dipole pattern of TCP. As a result, TCP increases in some areas such as East China, Korean peninsula, Japan, and Russian Far East, while it decreases in others like Indo-China Peninsula, South China, and the Philippines. This provides a potential indicator for seasonal prediction of TCP in these regions.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Xiaofan Li, Zeng-Zhen Hu, Bohua Huang, Cristiana Stan
Summary: The study investigates the predictability of land climate at seasonal and interannual time scales, attributing it largely to the influence of the ocean. Connections between global sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) and land precipitation anomaly are examined using observations and Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) simulations for the period 1957-2018. The results show that SSTA in the tropical central and eastern Pacific has strong connections with global land precipitation anomaly, with weaker connections observed in the equatorial Indian and Atlantic Oceans.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Xiaofan Li, Zeng-Zhen Hu, Bohua Huang, Fei-Fei Jin
Summary: This study investigates the connection between meridional transport convergences (MTCs) along the equatorial Pacific and variations in warm water volume, as well as their relationship with the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle. The results show that the Sverdrup MTC induced by wind stress curl has a significant impact on the thermocline fluctuation in the equatorial Pacific, with varying contributions from different components. The findings enhance our understanding and forecasting of ENSO evolution.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Zhensong Gong, Yunyun Liu, Zeng-Zhen Hu, Ping Liang
Summary: In the summer of 2020, there was a significant transition in tropical cyclone activities over the western North Pacific. The variation in mid-tropospheric relative humidity and upward convective motion was found to be the main factor for this transition, while sea surface temperature, low-level vorticity, and vertical wind shear anomalies played a secondary role. The abnormal variation in monsoon activity also had an impact on the meteorological conditions.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yunyun Liu, Zeng-Zhen Hu, Renguang Wu, Xing Yuan
Summary: In the spring of 2021, southwestern China experienced extreme drought and high temperatures. Unlike historical events, this drought was mainly caused by atmospheric internal variability and amplified by climate warming trends, rather than El Nino. Evaporation increase accounted for 30% of the drought severity, with 20% contributed by its linear trend and 10% by interannual variability. The sea surface temperature forcing played a minor role in the occurrence of drought, making it difficult for climate models to predict the 2021 drought in southwestern China beyond one-month lead times.
ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Xiaofan Li, Zeng-Zhen Hu, Zhiqiang Gong, Bhaskar Jha
Summary: This study quantitatively assesses the impact of global sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) on land precipitation anomalies using a new metric, and compares observations with model simulations. The results show that SSTAs have different effects on precipitation variations in different regions, with hotspot areas identified in the Sahel region, Indochina Peninsula, and southwestern United States. The simulations underestimate the influence of SSTAs on land precipitation, but ensemble means amplify the integrated impact.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Xiaofan Li, Zeng-Zhen Hu, Yu-heng Tseng, Yunyun Liu, Ping Liang
Summary: This study examines the evolution and impact of the 2020/2021 La Nina event and compares it with historical events. It found that the La Nina event during this period was weaker than expected and showed some differences compared to other events, indicating that the in-phase amplification of time scale variations is an important factor determining the intensity of La Nina events.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Editorial Material
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Xianghui Fang, Fei Zheng, Kexin Li, Zeng-Zhen Hu, Hongli Ren, Jie Wu, Xingrong Chen, Weiren Lan, Yuan Yuan, Licheng Feng, Qifa Cai, Jiang Zhu
Summary: Based on the latest climate predictions, it is expected that El Nino will continue into the summer and fall, leading to a possible three-year La Nina event. This would be the first three-year La Nina event since 1998-2001, and it could have significant global climate impacts.
ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Zongting Gao, Zeng-Zhen Hu, Fei Zheng, Xiaofan Li, Shangfeng Li, Banglin Zhang
Summary: This study demonstrates the diversity of single- and double-year El Nino events in their strengths, flavors, as well as associations with the recharge/discharge processes. Both types occur in the central and eastern Pacific, with double-year El Nino showing unique characteristics in warm water volume.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Xiaofan Li, Zeng-Zhen Hu, Sen Zhao, Ruiqiang Ding, Banglin Zhang
Summary: The El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) plays a crucial role in successful climate prediction at seasonal-interannual time scales. Differences in intensities and spatial patterns associated with preceding thermocline fluctuation in the equatorial Pacific during the recharge and discharge phases of ENSO can be attributed to asymmetric wind stress anomalies related to El Nino and La Nina.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ruiqiang Ding, Yu-Heng Tseng, Emanuele Di Lorenzo, Liang Shi, Jianping Li, Jin-Yi Yu, Chunzai Wang, Cheng Sun, Jing-Jia Luo, Kyung-Ja Ha, Zeng-Zhen Hu, Feifei Li
Summary: The authors find that persistent two-way teleconnections between the North Pacific Oscillation and the tropical Pacific are a key source of multi-year El Nino events. These teleconnections lead to the prolonged El Nino phenomena, resulting in severe floods and droughts worldwide with significant socioeconomic impacts. Model experiments and future projections suggest that with enhanced NPO variability under future anthropogenic forcing, more frequent multi-year El Nino events should be expected. Therefore, properly accounting for the effects of the NPO on the evolution of El Nino events may improve multi-year El Nino prediction and projection.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yunyun Liu, Zeng-Zhen Hu, Renguang Wu, Yihui Ding, Bhaskar Jha
Summary: The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has complex and controversial impacts on East Asian precipitation. In the past two decades, the ENSO impact on precipitation has weakened or strengthened depending on the phase. The distribution of East Asian precipitation anomalies is asymmetric in El Nino and La Nina years. Model simulations confirm the robust impact of ENSO on East Asian climate.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
(2023)