Derivation of a no-significant-risk-level for tetrabromobisphenol A based on a threshold non-mutagenic cancer mode of action

A no-significant-risk-level of 20mg day(-1) was derived for tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). Uterine tumors (adenomas, adenocarcinomas, and malignant mixed Mullerian) observed in female Wistar Han rats from a National Toxicology Program 2-year cancer bioassay were identified as the critical effect. Studies suggest that TBBPA is acting through a non-mutagenic mode of action. Thus, the most appropriate approach to derivation of a cancer risk value based on US Environmental Protection Agency guidelines is a threshold approach, akin to a cancer safe dose (RfD(cancer)). Using the National Toxicology Program data, we utilized Benchmark dose software to derive a benchmark dose lower limit (BMDL10) as the point of departure (POD) of 103mg kg(-1)day(-1). The POD was adjusted to a human equivalent dose of 25.6mg kg(-1)day(-1) using allometric scaling. We applied a composite adjustment factor of 100 to the POD to derive an RfD(cancer) of 0.26mg kg(-1)day(-1). Based on a human body weight of 70kg, the RfD(cancer) was adjusted to a no-significant-risk-level of 20mg day(-1). This was compared to other available non-cancer and cancer risk values, and aligns well with our understanding of the underlying biology based on the toxicology data. Overall, the weight of evidence from animal studies indicates that TBBPA has low toxicity and suggests that high doses over long exposure durations are needed to induce uterine tumor formation. Future research needs include a thorough and detailed vetting of the proposed adverse outcome pathway, including further support for key events leading to uterine tumor formation and a quantitative weight of evidence analysis. A non-mutagenic threshold mode of action for tetrabromobisphenol A was utilized to derive a no-significant-risk-level of 20mg day(-1) for uterine tumors (adenomas, adenocarcinomas, and malignant mixed Mullerian combined) observed in female Wistar Han rats from a National Toxicology Program 2-year bioassay. The most recent available techniques were utilized, including literature review, benchmark dose software, mode of action analysis, and threshold extrapolation. The derived no-significant-risk-level aligns well with other available non-cancer and cancer risk values based on the biology of these tumors.