Synergistic effect between aluminum hypophosphite and a new intumescent flame retardant system in poly(lactic acid)

A hyperbranched charring agent (CT) was synthesized by triglycidyl isocyanurate and diethylenetriamine in water, and a new intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system was formed by ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and CT. The different formula and synergistic system between IFR and aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) have been studied through limit oxygen index (LOI), UL-94, cone calorimetry test and TGA. It was found that the LOI for poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with 30 APP/CT (4:1) and 20 wt % IFR/AHP (3:1) were 41.2% and 43.5%, respectively, and the both could achieve UL-94V-0 rating with no melt dripping. The heat release rate (HRR), maximum HRR value and average mass loss rate of PLA could be dramatically decreased by combination of IFR and AHP while the thermal stability was greatly enhanced. The study of morphology and structure of char illustrated that more intumescent and compact char layer with good intensity was formed during the degradation of IFR/AHP, which resulting to better flame retardancy and anti-dripping than IFR or AHP alone. (c) 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46359.