Journal
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
Volume 134, Issue -, Pages 301-308Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2018.06.020
Keywords
Co-liquefaction; Hydrolysis lignin; Lignite coal; Ethanol-water mixed solvent; Aromatics; Iron ore
Funding
- NSERC Discovery Program
- NSERC/FPlnnovations Industrial Research Chair Program in Forest Biorefinery
- BioFuelNet
- National Science Foundation of China [21476003, 21776001]
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In this work, a raw hematite ore (Fe2O3) displayed to be a low-cost but effective catalyst for co-liquefaction of hydrolysis lignin (HL) and Xilinguole lignite (XL) in ethanol-water (50:50, v/v) mixed solvent under initial N-2 atmosphere to produce heavy oil (HO) as a potential source of liquid fuel and aromatic chemicals. The liquefaction of HL and XL separately without catalyst resulted in a maximum of approx. 18 and 11 wt% yield of HO, respectively, while the co-liquefaction process resulted in up to approx. 26 wt% of HO, indicating synergy effect in co-liquefaction of lignin and lignite. The addition of the hematite ore in the co-liquefaction operation produced HO at a very high yield of about 40 wt% at 400 degrees C for a residence time of 2 h, nearly doubling that of the operation without catalyst. The Produced HO products from the co-liquefaction operations at 400 degrees C for 2 h contain significant concentrations of low molecular weight aromatics at similar to 14 mg/g-HO in the presence of non-reduced hematite or goethite, and similar to 17 mg/g-HO in the presence of reduced hematite or goethite, compared with only < 5 mg/g-HO without iron ore catalyst.
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