Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES
Volume 129, Issue -, Pages 504-531Publisher
ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2017.11.003
Keywords
Convective heat transfer; Newtonian nanofluids; Pipe; Twisted-tape; Coil heat exchanger; Counterflow heat exchanger; Plate heat exchanger
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Funding
- COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) [CA15119]
- Universitat Jaume I [P1-1B2013-43, UJI-B2016-47]
- Generalitat Valenciana [VAL-2015-01]
- Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [ENE2016-77694-R]
- Alfa Laval AB, Lund
- Swedish Research Council
- Academy of Finland through its Centre of Excellence grants [284621, 287750]
- Aalto University through its Energy Efficiency Program EXPECTS grant
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Engineers and scientist have a long tradition in trying to improve the thermophysical properties of convective heat carriers such as water and transformer oil. Technological developments of the last decades allow the dispersion of particle of sizes ranging between 10 and 100 nm in these liquids. In a large number of recent studies the resulting nanofluids have been reported to display anomalously high increase of convective heat transfer. The present study compiles experiments from five independent research teams investigating convective heat transfer in nanofluid flow in pipes, pipe with inserted twisted tape, annular counter flow heat exchanger, and coil and plate heat exchangers. The results of all these experiments unequivocally confirm that Newtonian nanofluid flow can be consistently characterized by employing Nusselt number correlations obtained for single-phase heat transfer liquids such as water when the correct thermophysical properties of the nanofluid are utilized. It is also shown that the heat transfer enhancement provided by nanofluids equals the increase in the thermal conductivity of the nanofluid as compared to the base fluid independent of the nanoparticle concentration or material. These results demonstrate that no anomalous phenomena are involved in thermal conduction and forced convection based heat transfer of nanofluids. The experiments are theoretically supported by a fundamental similarity analysis of nanoparticle motion in nanofluid flow.
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