Article
Sport Sciences
Alannah K. A. Mckay, Peter Peeling, David B. Pyne, Nicolin Tee, Jamie Whitfield, Avish P. Sharma, Ida A. Heikura, Louise M. Burke
Summary: Short-term adherence to a low carbohydrate high fat (LCHF) diet can have small but unfavorable effects on immune, inflammatory, and iron-regulatory responses to exercise. Restricting carbohydrates, rather than energy availability, may have greater negative impacts on athlete health.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Andrew R. Jagim, Jennifer Fields, Meghan K. Magee, Chad M. Kerksick, Margaret T. Jones
Summary: Relative Energy Deficiency in sport is gaining popularity, especially among female athletes. It is characterized by low energy availability due to high energy expenditure, inadequate energy intake, or both. Various factors contribute to low energy availability in athletes, necessitating a holistic assessment to identify underlying causes.
Article
Physiology
Jonne A. Kapteijns, Kevin Caen, Maarten Lievens, Jan G. Bourgois, Jan Boone
Summary: The study found a clear relationship between running performance and aerobic performance profiles in elite female hockey players. Forwards showed higher work rate compared to midfielders and central defenders, with players demonstrating improvements in body composition and anaerobic performance from preseason to midseason.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Maria Villa, Jose G. Villa-Vicente, Jesus Seco-Calvo, Juan Mielgo-Ayuso, Pilar S. Collado
Summary: The study found that the total body fat percentage was similar in both pre-teen and teen gymnasts, but energy availability values were higher in pre-teens. Their energy intake mainly came from fat rather than carbohydrates, with very low intakes of micronutrients such as calcium and vitamin D.
Article
Plant Sciences
Mi-na Lim, Sung-eun Lee, Woo yong Chang, In Sun Yoon, Yong-sic Hwang
Summary: During germination, dynamic environmental conditions can affect the global RNA profile of rice genes by influencing the availability of sugars, oxygen, and cellular energy. Sugar regulation in rice embryos under aerobic conditions is strongly associated with energy and anaerobic signaling, with induction likely being the more prevalent regulatory mechanism. Anaerobic conditions significantly influence sugar-regulated gene expression, and anaerobically downregulated genes exhibit similar expression patterns to those under low energy conditions, suggesting a connection between anaerobic downregulation and the absence of molecular oxygen as the final electron acceptor. Additionally, genes responsive to abscisic acid (ABA) are overrepresented among those upregulated under low energy conditions, indicating a potential involvement of the ABA signaling pathway in response to low energy conditions.
JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Katherine L. Schofield, Holly Thorpe, Stacy T. Sims
Summary: This study highlighted potential issues in energy availability, resting metabolic rate, dietary protein intake, and testosterone levels in male track cyclists, which may put them at risk for energy deficiency and catabolic state.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Chungheon Shin, Sebastien H. Tilmans, Felipe Chen, Craig S. Criddle
Summary: The study focuses on the anaerobic treatment of municipal wastewater to produce energy and low levels of biosolids. A generic model for AnMBRs is proposed, which incorporates hydrolysis and dispersed growth microbial metabolism. The model development involved acquiring key kinetic metabolic parameters, creating a matrix of metabolic processes, and developing a model to describe relevant mass balances in the system. Dynamic simulations of a pilot-scale SAF-MBR treating municipal wastewater demonstrate the utility of the model for systems-level performance predictions.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Lisa Steidl-Mueller, Carolin Hildebrandt, Christoph Ebenbichler, Roland Luchner, Carson Patterson, Erich Mueller, Christoph Gonaus, Christian Raschner
Summary: The study found that in the past decade, there was no significant change in the anthropometric characteristics of young Austrian ski racers, but current athletes performed better in certain fitness parameters such as core strength, extension strength, and postural stability compared to former athletes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Amy McGuire, Giles Warrington, Lorna Doyle
Summary: Evidence suggests that Gaelic football players may be at risk of low energy availability (LEA) due to not meeting recommended energy intake (EI) levels. This study examined 20 elite male Gaelic football players and found that a significant percentage had LEA both before the season and during the season. Carbohydrate intake was below recommendations, but protein and fat intake met recommendations. There were significant correlations between energy availability and carbohydrate, protein, fat, and energy intake. Additionally, 20% of the players were at risk of disordered eating.
SCIENCE AND MEDICINE IN FOOTBALL
(2023)
Review
Rehabilitation
John David Duggan, Kieran Collins, Karen Keane
Summary: Research on elite female Gaelic team sports is limited, and more high-quality studies are needed to address the existing research gaps, enabling practitioners to apply evidence-based practices when working with this population.
BMC SPORTS SCIENCE MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Souhail Hermassi, Lawrence D. Hayes, Nilihan E. M. Sanal-Hayes, Rene Schwesig
Summary: This study investigated the differences in physical fitness and academic performance among male middle-school children with different body statuses. The results showed significant differences in height, weight, BMI, speed, and academic performance. The highest BMI group exhibited similar physical and academic performances compared to the lowest group, highlighting the importance of physical activity for academic achievement in young Qatari students.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Jakub Chycki, Adam Zajac, Michal Toborek
Summary: The study aimed to assess the effects of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on anaerobic and cognitive performance in judo athletes, revealing significant improvements in upper limb total work, mean power, lactate concentration, and HCO3 concentrations, as well as changes in IGF-1, cortisol, and BDNF levels. The results suggest that the mechanism of exercise-induced lactate levels may play a dominant role in improving working memory in well-trained athletes.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Mohsen Karrabi, Fahime Mosadegh Ranjbar, Bahar Shahnavaz, Saba Seyedi
Summary: Recently, there has been growing interest in using organic or biodegradable wastes, including lignocellulosic wastes (LWs), as renewable energy sources. Anaerobic digestion (AD) of these wastes can mitigate environmental damage and produce biogas and bioenergy, which is particularly valuable in developing countries. However, there are several challenges to overcome, such as waste floating on top of reactors, high carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (CNR), complex structure of LWs, and poor degradability due to high lignin content. These challenges can be addressed through methods like mixing in reactors, reducing CNR, balancing inoculum-to-substrate ratio (ISR), and pretreatments. This study aims to review the literature on AD of LWs, identify existing challenges, and propose strategies to improve bioenergy production from this waste.
Article
Sport Sciences
Sebastian Kaufmann, Martin Ziegler, Jana Werner, Christine Noe, Richard Latzel, Stefan Witzany, Ralph Beneke, Olaf Hoos
Summary: The study evaluated the metabolic profile of a simulated floor competition in sub-elite gymnasts, showing a predominant aerobic energy contribution and a considerable anaerobic contribution with no significant difference between anaerobic shares. This suggests that gymnastic specific aerobic training should not be neglected, while a different aerobic share in WAG and MAG strengthens sex-specific conditioning.
SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Amy McGuire, Giles Warrington, Lorna Doyle
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the energy availability (EA) and its associations with salivary measures in elite male Gaelic football (GF) players across the competitive season. The results showed that low energy availability (LEA) was prevalent in these players, but it was not associated with salivary cortisol or testosterone. However, EA was found to be associated with salivary immunoglobin A (s-IgA), which may affect the immune system.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Editorial Material
Sport Sciences
Kathryn E. Ackerman, Trent Stellingwerff, Kirsty J. Elliott-Sale, Amy Baltzell, Mary Cain, Kara Goucher, Lauren Fleshman, Margo L. Mountjoy
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2020)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
James A. Betts, Javier T. Gonzalez, Louise M. Burke, Graeme L. Close, Ina Garthe, Lewis J. James, Asker E. Jeukendrup, James P. Morton, David C. Nieman, Peter Peeling, Stuart M. Phillips, Trent Stellingwerff, Luc J. C. van Loon, Clyde Williams, Kathleen Woolf, Ron Maughan, Greg Atkinson
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM
(2020)
Editorial Material
Orthopedics
Max R. Paquette, Christopher Napier, Richard W. Willy, Trent Stellingwerff
JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY
(2020)
Editorial Material
Sport Sciences
Lee Taylor, Sarah Carter, Trent Stellingwerff
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2020)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Susan Boegman, Trent Stellingwerff, Gregory Shaw, Nick Clarke, Kenneth Graham, Rebecca Cross, Jason C. Siegler
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2020)
Editorial Material
Sport Sciences
Gareth N. Sandford, Trent Stellingwerff, Michael Stephen Koehle
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Ida A. Heikura, Trent Stellingwerff, Jose L. Areta
Summary: Decades of research have shown that strict low energy availability can lead to impairments in body systems and related menstrual dysfunction and bone health issues in females. Early detection and diagnosis of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) is crucial in preventing negative health and performance outcomes.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Megan A. Kuikman, Margo Mountjoy, Trent Stellingwerff, Jamie F. Burr
Summary: Relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S) can have negative health and performance impacts on male and female athletes due to low energy availability (LEA). Treatment involves increasing energy intake and/or decreasing exercise energy expenditure, but challenges in quantifying energy intake and expenditure make implementation difficult in clinical practice.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kelly Pritchett, Alicia DiFolco, Savannah Glasgow, Robert Pritchett, Katy Williams, Trent Stellingwerff, Patricia Roney, Susannah Scaroni, Elizabeth Broad
Summary: Para-athletes may have potential risks in energy availability, especially for females; although the calculated risk for relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S) appears low, hormonal outcomes indicate a higher risk in this population.
Letter
Nutrition & Dietetics
Megan A. Kuikman, Margo Mountjoy, Trent Stellingwerff, Jamie F. Burr
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Cameron M. Gee, Melissa A. Lacroix, Wendy A. Pethick, Patrick Cote, Trent Stellingwerff, Christopher R. West
Summary: The study suggests that short-term heat acclimatisation training is safe for elite athletes with spinal cord injury and may lead to beneficial changes in some indices of resting cardiac function. However, results are highly individualized.
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND MEDICINE IN SPORT
(2021)
Review
Sport Sciences
Trent Stellingwerff, Ida A. Heikura, Romain Meeusen, Stephane Bermon, Stephen Seiler, Margo L. Mountjoy, Louise M. Burke
Summary: Training-overload and RED-S share similarities in symptoms, possibly due to low carbohydrate and energy availability. Studies have shown a decrease in energy or CHO availability during training-overload, leading to symptom outcomes compared to control conditions.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ella S. Smith, Alannah K. A. McKay, Megan Kuikman, Kathryn E. Ackerman, Rachel Harris, Kirsty J. Elliott-Sale, Trent Stellingwerff, Louise M. Burke
Summary: Although sports nutrition guidelines promote evidence-based practice, it is unclear whether women have been adequately included in the underpinning research. Female participants were underrepresented in studies on performance supplements, and there is a lack of research specifically designed to compare sex-based responses. Interestingly, a higher proportion of female participants were classified as international/world-class athletes. Most studies focused on performance outcomes and had poorer representation of women, while studies with a health focus had a higher proportion of female participants.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ella S. Smith, Alannah K. A. McKay, Megan Kuikman, Kathryn E. Ackerman, Rachel Harris, Kirsty J. Elliott-Sale, Trent Stellingwerff, Louise M. Burke
Summary: Micronutrient deficiencies and sub-optimal intakes among female athletes are a concern. However, current research and literature on the use of supplements do not adequately consider women's needs. There is a lack of studies on sex-based differences in response to calcium, iron, and vitamin D supplementation. Additionally, the quality and quantity of literature specific to female athletes are inadequate. More high-quality research is needed to address these gaps and ensure that women's specific needs are considered in supplementation protocols.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Samuel Blades, Matt Jensen, Trent Stellingwerff, Sandra Hundza, Marc Klimstra
Summary: This study compared the accuracy and reliability of a new fully integrated plantar-pressure measurement system (PPMS) with an industry-standard PPMS during benchtop and running testing protocols. Results showed that the new PPMS had similar accuracy and reliability to the standard PPMS, with high agreement in both benchtop and running measurements. However, the new PPMS exhibited hysteresis during running, which may affect the accuracy of kinetic gait measures.