Article
Microbiology
Archana Shrestha, Mauricio A. Navarro, Juliann Beingesser, Anibal G. Armien, Francisco A. Uzal, Bruce A. McCiane
Summary: Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) causes lethal enterotoxemia when absorbed into the bloodstream, with full CPE-induced cytotoxicity leading to rapid permeability alterations and lethality. Testing recombinant CPE (rCPE) variants showed that receptor binding-capable, noncytotoxic rCPE cause slow-developing permeability effects, highlighting the importance of cytotoxicity for rapid permeability changes and lethality.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Riaz Hussain, Zhang Guangbin, Rao Zahid Abbas, Abu Baker Siddique, Mudassar Mohiuddin, Iahtasham Khan, Tauseef Ur Rehman, Ahrar Khan
Summary: This study analyzed the occurrence and toxinotypes of enterotoxemia in small ruminants in the desert area of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. The results showed significant differences in mortality rates caused by Clostridium perfringens type A and type D. It is important to follow a proper vaccination schedule to protect the health of small ruminants.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alex J. Vecchio, Sewwandi S. Rathnayake, Robert M. Stroud
Summary: The study reveals the molecular and structural basis of how CpE targets susceptible claudins, as well as differences in the primary CpE receptors in mice and humans due to sequence changes in the target motif.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Man Kyu Shim, Jinhee Na, In Kyung Cho, Eun Hyang Jang, Jooho Park, Sangmin Lee, Jong-Ho Kim
Summary: The study developed a claudin-4-targeting drug carrier that efficiently accumulated in pancreatic cancer tissues, suppressed tumor growth with minimal toxicity to normal tissues. This claudin-4-targeting drug carrier may represent a promising new approach for treating pancreatic cancer.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Iman Mehdizadeh Gohari, Mauricio A. Navarro, Jihong Li, Archana Shrestha, Francisco Uzal, Bruce A. McClane
Summary: Clostridium perfringens is a versatile pathogen with complex toxin production and regulation processes, involving not only various toxins and their roles in infection, but also non-toxin factors such as degradative enzymes contributing to its pathogenicity.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yinghua Ma, David Sannino, Jennifer R. Linden, Sylvia Haigh, Baohua Zhao, John B. Grigg, Paul Zumbo, Friederike Duendar, Daniel Butler, Caterina P. Profaci, Kiel Telesford, Paige N. Winokur, Kareem R. Rumah, Susan A. Gauthier, Vincent A. Fischetti, Bruce A. McClane, Francisco A. Uzal, Lily Zexter, Michael Mazzucco, Richard Rudick, David Danko, Evan Balmuth, Nancy Nealon, Jai Perumal, Ulrike Kaunzner, Ilana L. Brito, Zhengming Chen, Jenny Z. Xiang, Doron Betel, Richard Daneman, Gregory F. Sonnenberg, Christopher E. Mason, Timothy Vartanian
Summary: Multiple sclerosis (MS), a complex disease of the CNS, has been linked to gut dysbiosis. This study found that individuals with MS were more likely to have epsilon toxin-producing strains of C. perfringens in their gut microbiomes compared to healthy controls. These strains were able to produce functional epsilon toxin and had genetic characteristics similar to highly conjugative plasmids. In an animal model of MS, epsilon toxin could substitute for pertussis toxin and induced demyelination in various regions of the CNS, similar to lesions seen in MS patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Jihong Li, Eric Mi, Arhat Pradhan, Bruce A. McClane
Summary: This study investigated the influence of NanR on c-cpe strains. In sporulation medium, the nanR null mutants showed lower sialidase activity, sporulation, and CPE production. In vegetative medium, the nanR null mutants produced more spores. These results suggest that NanR plays a crucial role in the regulation of c-cpe strains.
Review
Oncology
Amita R. Banga, Peace Odiase, Kartik Rachakonda, Amar P. Garg, Samuel E. Adunyah, Girish Rachakonda
Summary: This article discusses the potential value of the interaction between Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxin (CPE) and Claudin-4 in the treatment of breast cancer metastasis to the brain, and introduces the important role of Claudin-4 in cell trafficking and disease development.
Article
Microbiology
Mauricio A. Navarro, Jihong Li, Juliann Beingesser, Bruce A. McClane, Francisco A. Uzal
Summary: NanI can significantly enhance the activity of C. perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) in the presence of mucus, leading to increased cytotoxicity and damage to intestinal mucosa.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Siyu Zhang, Lingling Ma, Fuyang Song, Dong Wang, Kesong Shi, Yong Li, Jin Zeng, Yujiong Wang
Summary: This study found that Clostridium perfringens toxin CPB-1 induces macrophage and endothelial cell pyroptosis through the NLRP3 inflammasome and Caspase-1 pathway. The results suggest that NLRP3 may be a potential therapeutic target for Clostridium perfringens disease.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Zipeng Jiang, Weifa Su, Chaoyue Wen, Wentao Li, Yu Zhang, Tao Gong, Shuai Du, Xinxia Wang, Zeqing Lu, Mingliang Jin, Yizhen Wang
Summary: Clostridium perfringens is a main pathogen that can cause various diseases in humans and animals. This study aimed to build a mouse model infected with porcine C. perfringens and investigated its effects on growth performance, immune status, and intestinal integrity in mice. The results showed that high dose of C. perfringens caused a decline in growth performance, severe damage to intestinal structure, and increased inflammation in mice.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Pathology
Federico Giannitti, Jorge P. Garcia, Vicki Adams, Joaquin I. Armendano, Juliann Beingesser, Julian I. Rood, Francisco A. Uzal
Summary: English summary: Type D enterotoxemia caused by Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin (ETX) is a significant clostridial disease in sheep. The authors studied the renal changes in an experimental model of this disease and evaluated the role of ETX in their development. The results showed no specific gross or histologic renal lesions in sheep with experimental acute type D enterotoxemia, regardless of whether they were infected with wild-type or mutant strains.
VETERINARY PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Thea Neumann, Maren Krueger, Jasmin Weisemann, Stefan Mahrhold, Daniel Stern, Martin B. Dorner, Cecile Feraudet-Tarisse, Christopher Poehlmann, Katharina Schulz, Ute Messelhaeusser, Dagmar Rimek, Frank Gessler, Thomas Elssner, Stephanie Simon, Andreas Rummel, Brigitte G. Dorner
Summary: The study successfully identified nine specific mAbs targeting CPE and showed their high affinity in detecting CPE. Through ELISAs, CPE can be detected specifically, which is useful for diagnosing diarrhea in clinical laboratories.
Article
Microbiology
Jihong Li, A. Bruce McClane
Summary: Clostridium perfringens type F strains, common causes of food poisoning, consistently carry the nanH sialidase gene, which is associated with NanH production during sporulation. The presence of NanH enhances the cytotoxicity of CPE for cells, potentially serving as an accessory virulence factor for type F food poisoning.
Article
Immunology
Jihong Li, Arhat Pradhan, Bruce A. McClane
Summary: Clostridium perfringens type F strains cause food poisoning by producing C. perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) during sporulation in the intestines. Most type F strains carry a chromosomal cpe gene (c-cpe strains). C. perfringens produces multiple sialidases, but some c-cpe strains only carry nanJ and nanH genes.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Juan A. Garcia, Mauricio A. Navarro, Karina Fresneda, Francisco A. Uzal
Summary: Tyzzer disease, caused by Clostridium piliforme, can affect multiple species. In horses, necrotic hepatitis is the hallmark of the disease, rather than the traditional triad of colitis, hepatitis, and myocarditis.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Guido Rocchigiani, Emanuele Ricci, Mauricio A. Navarro, Monika A. Samol, Francisco A. Uzal
Summary: This study analyzed intestinal tissues from 22 healthy Thoroughbred racehorses to provide a reference range of leukocytes in the intestinal mucosal and submucosal propria. It was found that lymphocytes were the most numerous cells in all segments, with significantly higher eosinophil numbers in the large intestine compared to the small intestine. The data provided will be useful for diagnosticians examining inflammatory processes in the intestinal tract of horses.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Fabio S. Mendonca, Mauricio A. Navarro, Francisco A. Uzal
Summary: Retrospective study on 90 cases of equine enterocolitis caused by 5 prevalent agents showed differences in gross and microscopic pathology, with more severe lesions in cases of Clostridioides difficile and Clostridium perfringens. Pseudomembranes were commonly observed in affected intestines, while thrombosis was more prevalent in Paeniclostridium sordellii cases. Overall, the specificity of gross and microscopic lesions for distinguishing these etiologies was limited.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Julie B. Engiles, Francisco A. Uzal, Mauricio A. Navarro, Virginia B. Reef, Susan J. Bender
Summary: Two yearling fillies were diagnosed with phlegmonous gastritis, associated with equine proliferative enteropathy. Autopsy revealed acute mural gastritis and necrotizing enteritis. This gastric lesion may be a potential complication of gastrointestinal mucosal compromise in horses.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Francisco A. Uzal, Luis G. Arroyo, Mauricio A. Navarro, Diego E. Gomez, Javier Asin, Eileen Henderson
Summary: Enteritis, colitis, and enterocolitis are common causes of disease and death in horses. Diarrhea and colic are key clinical signs, with necrotizing changes in the mucosa being characteristic. Diagnosis is based on clinical, gross, and microscopic findings, confirmed by detection of pathogens and toxins in intestinal content or feces.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
F. Dutra, M. Navarro, A. Romero, C. Briano, M. Pereira, F. A. Uzal
Summary: Bovine bacillary hemoglobinuria (BBH) caused by Clostridium novyi type D is a highly fatal disease in cattle in eastern Uruguay. The study found that BBH is not associated with known liver injuries like Fasciola hepatica. Common animal, seasonal, and geographical risk factors were analyzed to explain the occurrence of BBH outbreaks.
PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Francisco A. Uzal, Mauricio A. Navarro, Javier Asin, Eileen E. Henderson
Summary: Clostridial diseases of horses can be categorized into enteric/enterotoxic, histotoxic, and neurotoxic types. Enteric/enterotoxic diseases are characterized by enterocolitis caused by Clostridium perfringens type C and Clostridioides difficile. Histotoxic diseases include gas gangrene, Tyzzer disease, and infectious necrotic hepatitis. Neurotoxic diseases are tetanus and botulism caused by Clostridium tetani and Clostridium botulinum. Diagnosis can be challenging due to the presence of some agents in tissues of normal animals.
Editorial Material
Veterinary Sciences
Mauricio A. Navarro, Luis G. Arroyo, Francisco A. Uzal
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Sarah A. Jacobson, Pamela J. Ferro, Mauricio A. Navarro, Francisco A. Uzal, Erin E. Edwards
Summary: Concurrent infection of Clostridium piliforme and canine distemper virus (CDV) was diagnosed in two canine littermates and one gray fox kit from Texas, USA. Histologic findings included hepatic necrosis and intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusion bodies. PCR assays confirmed the presence of the pathogens.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Viviana Gonzalez-Astudillo, Mauricio A. Navarro, Janet Moore, Francisco A. Uzal
Summary: This report fills the knowledge gap regarding intestinal adenocarcinomas in cervids, specifically the tufted deer, and highlights its significance as a less-studied, near-threatened Asian cervid species.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Eleonora L. Morrell, Ernesto Odriozola, Matias A. Dorsch, Maria A. Fiorentino, Maria E. Rivera, Robert Poppenga, Mauricio A. Navarro, Francisco A. Uzal, German Canton
Summary: This article provides a literature review on cardiac blackleg and describes two cases in a group of feedlot steers in Argentina. Postmortem examinations and histology revealed the pathological features of the disease, and immunohistochemistry and PCR confirmed the diagnosis.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Pathology
Viviana Gonzalez-Astudillo, Javier Asin-Ros, Janet Moore, Francisco A. Uzal, Mauricio A. Navarro
Summary: This study investigated the association of P. sordellii with veterinary reproductive disease in goats. The retrospective search of a database identified 9 cases of goats with P. sordellii-associated metritis or endometritis, often co-colonized by Escherichia coli. The presence of copper deficiency in some cases suggests a possible influencing factor. This is the first report documenting the association of P. sordellii with veterinary gynecological disease.
VETERINARY PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Archana Shrestha, Mauricio A. Navarro, Juliann Beingesser, Anibal G. Armien, Francisco A. Uzal, Bruce A. McCiane
Summary: Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) causes lethal enterotoxemia when absorbed into the bloodstream, with full CPE-induced cytotoxicity leading to rapid permeability alterations and lethality. Testing recombinant CPE (rCPE) variants showed that receptor binding-capable, noncytotoxic rCPE cause slow-developing permeability effects, highlighting the importance of cytotoxicity for rapid permeability changes and lethality.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Viviana Gonzalez-Astudillo, Mauricio A. Navarro, Anibal G. Armien, Dan Rejmanek, Beate Crossley, Janet Moore, Francisco A. Uzal
Summary: This is the first report of Fowl adenovirus type A-associated salpingitis in a hen. Gross lesions observed during necropsy were limited to pulmonary congestion and a small clump of egg yolk material in the oviductal lumen. Histopathology confirmed the inflammatory necrosis of the lesions and transmission electron microscopy identified intranuclear inclusions as aggregates of adenovirus virions.
Article
Microbiology
David Minich, Christopher Madden, Mauricio A. Navarro, Leo Glowacki, Kristen French-Kim, Willow Chan, Morgan Evans, Kilmer Soares, Ryan Mrofchak, Rushil Madan, Gregory A. Ballash, Krista LaPerle, Subhadeep Paul, Yael Vodovotz, Francisco A. Uzal, Margaret Martinez, Jennifer Hausmann, Randall E. Junge, Vanessa L. Hale
Summary: This study examines the gut microbiota in two lorikeet flocks with enteritis and identifies dysbiosis as a potential factor that contributes to susceptibility to enteritis. The findings provide insights into the permissive gut microbiota features for clostridial colonization and the host factors that shape responses to infection.