Journal
IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION
Volume 12, Issue 8, Pages 1712-1720Publisher
INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET
DOI: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2017.1663
Keywords
electric vehicle charging; secondary cells; particle swarm optimisation; cost-based optimal siting; optimal sizing; electric vehicle charging stations; EVC; incentive-based demand response programmes; particle swarm optimisation algorithm; test system; DRP
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Here, the optimal placement and sizing of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) are presented. High penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) and resulted losses in network would consequently impose more complexity to solution of application problem of EVCSs. To overcome this problem, the model would consider the incentive-based demand response programmes (DRPs), which is handled by particle swarm optimisation algorithm. Minimising investment cost, connection cost, total cost of losses, and demand response (DR) cost are the objective functions of this problem here. Finally, the proposed model is applied to a test system and results are discussed. By comparing the results obtained through different scenarios, it is concluded that the application of DRP results in a distinct reduction in grid losses and total costs.
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