Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Tarek Sawas, Shawn A. Zamani, Sarah Killcoyne, Andrew Dullea, Kenneth K. Wang, Prasad G. Iyer, Rebecca C. Fitzgerald, David A. Katzka
Summary: Existing Barrett's esophagus screening guidelines have limitations in detecting prevalent esophageal adenocarcinoma. An optimized approach is needed to identify individuals most suitable for esophageal adenocarcinoma screening, particularly one that does not rely on chronic reflux symptoms.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jan Bilski, Monika Pinkas, Dagmara Wojcik-Grzybek, Marcin Magierowski, Edyta Korbut, Agnieszka Mazur-Bialy, Gracjana Krzysiek-Maczka, Slawomir Kwiecien, Katarzyna Magierowska, Tomasz Brzozowski
Summary: Both obesity and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) rates have seen a significant increase in recent years in the United States and Western Europe. Obesity plays a key role in the development of EAC, with increased body mass index correlating with higher risk. Pathologically altered visceral fat in obesity is believed to contribute to this process. Visceral obesity may promote EAC through direct effects on gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett's esophagus (BE), as well as through the release of pro-inflammatory adipokines and insulin resistance. Disrupted adipokine production, such as the imbalance of leptin and adiponectin, is implicated in the pathogenesis of BE and EAC. This review discusses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and molecular alterations associated with obesity in BE and EAC, with a focus on the potential role of adipokines and myokines. The review also highlights the possible crosstalk of adipokines and myokines during exercise and suggests lifestyle interventions, specifically regular physical activity, as a promising strategy for preventing the development of BE and EAC.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Franz Ludwig Dumoulin, Fabian Dario Rodriguez-Monaco, Alanna Ebigbo, Ingo Steinbruck
Summary: Esophageal adenocarcinoma is the most common subtype of esophageal cancer in Western societies and its incidence is increasing. The development and validation of artificial intelligence systems in the field of gastroenterology may help address unresolved issues in the prevention and surveillance of this cancer.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pelin Ergun, Sezgi Kipcak, Serhat Bor
Summary: Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a condition resulting from chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease, which may progress to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). The histological dysplasia grade is commonly used as a biomarker, but its effectiveness is limited due to cost and lack of progression in many BE patients. Clinicians require multiple or more quantitative biomarkers for early diagnosis of EAC, which has high mortality. Epigenetic factors in the early stages of neoplastic transformation show promise as predictive biomarkers. This review summarizes current research on DNA methylations, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs (miRNAs) during the progression from BE dysplasia to EAC.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Anshuman Panda, Mi Ryung Shin, Christina Cheng, Manisha Bajpai
Summary: Research on an in vitro BE carcinogenesis model showed that there is a clear threshold in the progression of BE to malignancy, with catastrophic transcriptomic changes during a window period leading to a point of no return for BE cells.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Jessie A. Elliott, John V. Reynolds
Summary: Visceral obesity is closely associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma, and it may promote cancer development through various pathways, impacting the tumor microenvironment and cancer outcomes. Current research focuses on exploring the role of dietary, lifestyle, pharmacologic, and surgical interventions in modulating the risk of EAC.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ahmed Sam Beydoun, Kaleigh A. Stabenau, Kenneth W. Altman, Nikki Johnston
Summary: Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is increasing rapidly and has a poor prognosis, often preceded by Barrett's esophagus (BE). This review provides an overview of BE, EAC, and the progression from BE to EAC. The definition, diagnosis, epidemiology, and risk factors for both conditions are discussed, with special attention given to areas of debate. The progression from BE to EAC is likely driven by inflammatory pathways, pepsin exposure, upregulation of growth factor pathways, and mitochondrial changes. Surveillance is conducted through serial endoscopic evaluation, with shorter intervals recommended for high-risk features.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Tarek Sawas, Saam Dilmaghani, Lovekirat Dhaliwal, Kenneth K. Wang, Prasad G. Iyer, David A. Katzka
Summary: The study found that compared to BE patients, EAC patients had significantly lower rates of heartburn, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and metabolic syndrome. Therefore, optimal strategies for screening for prevalent EAC may need to be adjusted.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mourad Wagdy Ali, Jianhong Chen, Li Yan, Xiaoyu Wang, James Y. Dai, Thomas L. Vaughan, Graham Casey, Matthew F. Buas
Summary: Through genome-wide association studies (GWAS), 19 genetic susceptibility loci for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and its precursor Barrett's esophagus (BE) have been identified. Utilizing functional potential scores, a systematic informatics pipeline was developed to prioritize candidate functional variants. Two additional prioritized loci were experimentally interrogated, uncovering a functional variant and risk enhancer. The identification of candidate gene targets, including B lymphocyte kinase (BLK), nei like DNA glycosylase 2 (NEIL2), and cathepsin B (CTSB), suggests that altered expression of these genes may play a role in the genetic risk association at 8p23.1 with BE/EAC.
HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nan Yi, Hailiang Zhao, Juan He, Xike Xie, Liexin Liang, Guowen Zuo, Mingyue Xiong, Yunxiao Liang, Tingzhuang Yi
Summary: Almost 50% of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) patients are progressed from Barrett's esophagus (BE). However, effective stratification and therapy methods for BE and EAC are still lacking. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between BE and EAC were identified through the analysis of two public datasets (GSE26886 and GSE37200), followed by bioinformatics analyses to explore potential biomarkers associated with BE-EAC. The results revealed a number of up- and down-regulated genes, which were highly involved in tumorigenesis according to the GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. In addition, the study identified several potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in BE-EAC.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ksenia Maslenkina, Liudmila Mikhaleva, Maxim Naumenko, Rositsa Vandysheva, Michail Gushchin, Dmitri Atiakshin, Igor Buchwalow, Markus Tiemann
Summary: Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a premalignant lesion that can develop into esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). The development of BE is caused by biliary reflux and involves various stem cell origins. The concept of healing has been replaced by the cytokine storm and inflammatory microenvironment, leading to intestinal metaplasia. This review discusses the roles of molecular pathways in the pathogenesis of BE and EAC, including NOTCH, hedgehog, NF-?B, and IL6/STAT3.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Ikenna C. Okereke, Aaron L. Miller, Daniel C. Jupiter, Catherine F. Hamilton, Gabriel L. Reep, Timothy Krill, Clark R. Andersen, Richard B. Pyles
Summary: The microbial community structures differ between patients with and without Barrett's esophagus, with certain organisms less likely to be detected as the severity of Barrett's esophagus worsens.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Gary E. Markey, Claire L. Donohoe, Eoin N. McNamee, Joanne C. Masterson
Summary: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous RNA molecules that regulate mRNA targets through RNA interference. They play a crucial role in physiological and pathological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and inflammation. This review discusses the potential of miRNAs in overall esophageal disease, focusing on eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and the progression from Barrett's esophagus (BE) to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). The dysregulation of miRNA expression in these diseases highlights their key role in disease progression and suggests their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Furthermore, targeting miRNAs could be a therapeutic option for esophageal disease.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Bashar J. Qumseya, Yazan Qumsiyeh, Sandeep A. Ponniah, David Estores, Dennis Yang, Crystal N. Johnson-Mann, Jeffrey Friedman, Alexander Ayzengart, Peter V. Draganov
Summary: After analyzing 10 studies, it was found that the prevalence of BE is high in patients undergoing EGD after SG, with no significant correlation with postoperative GERD symptoms. Most cases of BE were observed after 3 years.
GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Xuening Zhang, Xiaorong Yang, Tongchao Zhang, Xiaolin Yin, Jinyu Man, Ming Lu
Summary: Educational attainment is related to the risk of esophageal cancer, Barrett's esophagus, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Genetically predicted higher educational attainment has a protective effect on these diseases, partly mediated by reducing adiposity, smoking, and depression.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)