Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
Volume 67, Issue 10, Pages 2324-2331Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TIM.2018.2817399
Keywords
Biomedical monitoring; drug delivery; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; microcontrollers; skin
Funding
- Italian Ministry of University and Instruction through the Project A measurement and control system of drug absorption transdermal transport therapies by means of spectroscopy of impedance
- University of Naples Federico II through the Project A transdermal delivery universal meter
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An on-chip instrument fir measuring ex post the drug actually released by transdermal delivery is proposed. The volume of a drug conveyed through the skin is assessed by measuring the bioimpedance locally before and after delivery. In therapeutic applications, the instrument can provide a low-cost and clinically portable solution. In the first part of this paper, the concept and physical design of the instrument as well as details about its realization and operations are illustrated. Then, the metrological characterization, using injection as a reference subcutaneous transfer of a known volume of drug, is reported in laboratory, in vitro on eggplants and ex vivo on pig ears. Results of resolution, short-term stability, interindividual tissue reproducibility, sensitivity, repeatability, and linearity point out noteworthy scenarios of clinical applications.
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