Retrieving Low Wavenumber Information in FWI An overview of the cycle-skipping phenomenon and solutions

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is an advanced seismic processing method for high-resolution subsurface geophysical property reconstruction through a data-fitting procedure. When low-frequency seismic data are not available, conventional FWI often suffers from the cycle-skipping issue caused by the severe nonlinearity nature of the standard L2 norm objective function, inducing strong artifacts in the reconstructed geophysical property models.