Journal
HISTOPATHOLOGY
Volume 73, Issue 4, Pages 545-558Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/his.13523
Keywords
breast cancer; endocrine therapy response; luminal; oestrogen receptor; predictive biomarker; resistance
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Endocrine therapy for oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer (BC) is arguably the most successful targeted cancer therapy to date. Nevertheless, resistance to endocrine therapy still occurs in a significant proportion of patients, limiting its clinical utility. ER+ or luminal BC, which represents approximately three-quarters of all breast malignancies, are biologically heterogeneous, with no distinct, clinically defined subclasses able to predict the benefit of endocrine therapy in early settings. To improve patient outcomes there is a clear need for improved understanding of the biology of the luminal BC, with subsequent translation into more effective methods of diagnosis to identify potential predictive biomarkers for endocrine therapy. This review summarises current knowledge of factors predictive of benefit of endocrine therapy and discusses why molecular classification systems of BC have yet to be translated into the clinic.
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