Article
Oncology
Hirokazu Ideta, Kazushige Yoshida, Masanori Okamoto, Jun Sasaki, Munehisa Kito, Kaoru Aoki, Yasuo Yoshimura, Shuichiro Suzuki, Atsushi Tanaka, Akira Takazawa, Hisao Haniu, Takeshi Uemura, Takashi Takizawa, Atsushi Sobajima, Takayuki Kamanaka, Jun Takahashi, Hiroyuki Kato, Naoto Saito
Summary: The study demonstrated that sclerostin has anti-tumor effects on osteosarcoma by inhibiting cell growth and migration, leading to improved survival rates in experimental mice models. Further investigation on the efficacy of existing anticancer drugs such as doxorubicin is recommended for potential clinical applications.
Article
Oncology
Maja Sremac, Frane Paic, Katja Grubelic Ravic, Ljiljana Serman, Aja Pavicic Dujmovic, Iva Brcic, Zeljko Krznaric, Tamara Nikuseva Martic
Summary: Diffuse gastric carcinoma (DGC), characterized by poorly cohesive cells and resistance to therapeutic strategies, shows aberrant Wnt pathway components expression. Lower levels of SFRP1 and SFRP3, but higher levels of DVL2 and DVL3, were observed in DGC tissues. SFRP3 protein expression was positively correlated with clinical and T stage of DGC.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kenon Chua, Arthur Yi Loong Sim, Eric Yew Meng Yeo, Muhammad Sufyan Bin Masroni, Wah Wah Naw, Sai Mun Leong, Kee Wah Lee, Huey Jin Lim, David M. Virshup, Victor Kwan Min Lee
Summary: There is an urgency to find new drugs for high-grade cancers like osteosarcomas, as current therapeutic options are limited. A PORCN inhibitor called ETC-159 has shown promise in clinical trials by inhibiting Wnt, a key driver in these tumors. In vivo and in vitro models demonstrated that ETC-159 reduces beta-catenin staining, increases tumor necrosis, and reduces vascularity, indicating a potential new treatment approach for osteosarcomas.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Mengqi Wei, Caihong Ye, Huakun Huang, Chunmei Yang, Lulu Zhang, Yanran Huang, Yuping Wang, Xiaoji Luo, Jinyong Luo
Summary: The study found that acacetin can inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma (OS) cells, and promote apoptosis. Acacetin has little impact on normal cells. By regulating Wnt/beta-catenin and JNK signaling pathways, acacetin may inhibit tumor growth of human OS cells.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Zhengjiang Li, Yan Zhang, Yongkui Li, Shuxing Xing, Shunqiang Li, Jing Lyu, Zhaonan Ban
Summary: PROSER2 expression is significantly correlated with the prognostic outcome of osteosarcoma patients. It promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells via the Wnt/Ca2+/NFATc1 signaling pathway.
EXPERIMENTAL AND THERAPEUTIC MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Patrick Nasarre, Denise I. Garcia, Julie B. Siegel, Ingrid V. Bonilla, Rupak Mukherjee, Eleanor Hilliard, Paramita Chakraborty, Cecile Nasarre, Jason T. Yustein, Margaret Lang, Aneese A. Jaffa, Shikhar Mehrotra, Nancy Klauber-DeMore
Summary: Osteosarcoma is the most common bone tumor in children, with low long-term survival for those with metastatic or recurrent tumors. Research shows that targeted immunotherapy against SFRP2 can inhibit the growth of metastatic osteosarcoma through various mechanisms, including direct antitumor effects, antiangiogenic effects, and impact on the immune system.
Review
Oncology
Jieyu He, Lin Ling, Zhongyue Liu, Xiaolei Ren, Lu Wan, Chao Tu, Zhihong Li
Summary: Osteosarcoma is a common and highly malignant bone tumor, with dysregulated lncRNA expression potentially playing a crucial role in its progression. Particularly, LncRNAs associated with the Wnt signaling pathway may have significant implications for osteosarcoma development and treatment.
CANCER CELL INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Parisa Maleki Dana, Fatemeh Sadoughi, Zatollah Asemi, Bahman Yousefi
Summary: Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone malignancy, with 10-20% of cases developing metastasis. The survival rate of osteosarcoma patients has remained unchanged in the past 30 years, highlighting the need for revised therapeutic options. Recent research has focused on different signaling pathways as potential targets for more efficient treatment methods.
CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Qiuping Lu, Huakun Huang, Xiaoxuan Wang, Lijuan Luo, Haichao Xia, Lulu Zhang, Jingtao Xu, Yanran Huang, Xiaoji Luo, Jinyong Luo
Summary: In this study, the anti-osteosarcoma (OS) activity of Echinatin (Ecn), a natural active component from licorice, was evaluated and the possible mechanism was explored. It was found that Ecn inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OS cells, while inducing apoptosis. Ecn also showed synergistic inhibitory effect with cisplatin (DDP) on OS cells. Mechanistically, Ecn inactivated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway while activated p38 signaling pathway. These findings provide new insights into the potential therapeutic strategy for OS treatment by combining Ecn with DDP.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Young Yi, Young Mi Woo, Kyu Ho Hwang, Hyun Sil Kim, Sang Hyeong Lee
Summary: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key mechanism of cancer progression, activated by Wnt signaling which stabilizes Snail and beta-catenin. Study found that niclosamide and pyrvinium target Axin2, inhibiting Wnt/Snail axis and suppressing EMT in osteosarcoma cells. Axin2 and Snail are potential therapeutic targets in osteosarcoma, and anthelminthic agents niclosamide and pyrvinium may be effective in treating osteosarcoma.
Article
Cell Biology
Eirini-Maria Giatagana, Aikaterini Berdiaki, Margrethe Gaardlos, Aristidis M. Tsatsakis, Sergey A. Samsonov, Dragana Nikitovic
Summary: Biglycan exhibits protective effects against doxorubicin in MG63 osteosarcoma cells through activating the Wnt signaling pathway and inhibiting autophagy.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Liang Chen, Shi-jin Zhou, Yan Xu, Quan-ming Liao, Yin-shuang Zou, Hong Pei
Summary: CCAR2 plays a key role in the regulation of DNA damage response and cancer progression. Silence of CCAR2 can prevent the malignant phenotype of osteosarcoma cells by downregulating SPARC expression. Targeting the CCAR2-SPARC axis may have promising therapeutic applications for osteosarcoma.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Orthopedics
Fengxiang Pang, Shouchang Ding, Nan Li, Zhipeng Li, Nannan Tian, Chuanjian Shi, Fengwei Zhang, Yongxin Mai, Jinfang Zhang, Junyan Wang
Summary: This study found that gallic acid (GA) suppressed the growth and metastasis of osteosarcoma (OS) cells by modulating the H19-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. These findings suggest that GA may be a promising drug candidate for the treatment of OS.
JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC TRANSLATION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Toru Hirozane, Mari Masuda, Teppei Sugano, Tetsuya Sekita, Naoko Goto, Toru Aoyama, Takato Sakagami, Yuko Uno, Hideki Moriyama, Masaaki Sawa, Naofumi Asano, Masaya Nakamura, Morio Matsumoto, Robert Nakayama, Tadashi Kondo, Akira Kawai, Eisuke Kobayashi, Tesshi Yamada
Summary: The study demonstrated that TNIK could be a potential therapeutic target in osteosarcoma, as its inhibition suppressed cell proliferation, altered metabolic network direction, and converted cell phenotype. These findings offer a new direction for osteosarcoma treatment.
Article
Biophysics
Yao Wang, Jing He, Junwei Zhang, Nihui Zhang, Yong Zhou, Fang Wu
Summary: The current design scheme on anti-cancer materials focuses on tuning the mechanical properties of materials and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells through the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway. The study proposes that tuning cell motility could be another important approach to modifying the tumor microenvironment and inducing tumor apoptosis. RGD-modified substrates were used to regulate cell motility, and the effect of motility on tumor cell apoptosis and the involvement of the Wnt signaling pathway were examined. The findings suggest that RGD modification can effectively tune the motility of cancer cells, while high RGD concentration can suppress cell migration and increase the apoptosis rate. The activation of the Wnt-beta-catenin pathway further confirms the critical role of the Wnt pathway in motility-regulated apoptosis of tumor cells.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jacob G. Kallenbach, Margaret A. T. Freeberg, David Abplanalp, Rahul G. Alenchery, Raquel E. Ajalik, Samantha Muscat, Jacquelyn A. Myers, John M. Ashton, Alayna Loiselle, Mark R. Buckley, Andre J. van Wijnen, Hani A. Awad
Summary: This study investigates the molecular mechanisms of tendon healing using the MRL mouse model. The results show that injured MRL tendons have reduced fibrotic adhesions and cellular proliferation, with accelerated improvements in biomechanical properties. Gene expression analysis reveals differences in pathways related to fibrosis, immune system signaling, and cell cycle regulation between MRL and C57 mice. These findings provide important insights for improving tendon healing.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Janet Rubin, Andre J. van Wijnen, Gunes Uzer
Summary: Architectural components of the nucleus regulate gene accessibility by altering chromatin organization, and it is suggested that nuclear actin plays a role in this process and supports biomechanical regulation of gene expression.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
W. H. Trousdale, A. K. Limberg, N. Reina, C. G. Salib, R. Thaler, A. Dudakovic, D. J. Berry, M. E. Morrey, J. Sanchez-Sotelo, A. van Wijnen, M. P. Abdel
Summary: This study evaluated the intra-articular effects of celecoxib in treating arthrofibrosis, and found that intra-articular injections of celecoxib significantly improved passive extension angles and reduced capsular stiffness. Celecoxib was superior to surgical release, but the combination of celecoxib and surgical release did not provide additional benefits.
BONE & JOINT RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Ying Zhang, Ling Ling, Arya Ajay D. O. Ajayakumar, Yating Michelle Eio, Andre J. van Wijnen, Victor Nurcombe, Simon M. Cool
Summary: This study reveals a positive correlation between FGFR2 expression and osteogenic potential in human adult bone marrow-derived MSCs. Knockdown of FGFR2 leads to downregulation of pro-osteogenic genes and upregulation of pro-adipogenic genes, suppressing osteogenesis. Furthermore, FGFR2 knockdown results in upregulation of EZH2, an enzyme that regulates MSC lineage commitment and suppresses osteogenesis under osteogenic induction.
Editorial Material
Orthopedics
Andre J. van Wijnen, Eric A. Lewallen
JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Coralee E. Tye, Prachi N. Ghule, Jonathan A. R. Gordon, Fleur S. Kabala, Natalie A. Page, Michelle M. Falcone, Kirsten M. Tracy, Andre J. van Wijnen, Janet L. Stein, Jane B. Lian, Gary S. Stein
Summary: This study reveals a long non-coding RNA (MIR181A1HG) that is highly expressed in multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and down-regulated during osteogenic differentiation. Knockdown of MIR181A1HG impedes cell cycle progression in MSCs and enhances their differentiation into osteo-chondroprogenitors. This study suggests that MIR181A1HG may serve as a regulator of new bone formation in skeletal disorders.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Insug O-Sullivan, Arivarasu Natarajan Anbazhagan, Gurjit Singh, Kaige Ma, Stefan J. Green, Megha Singhal, Jun Wang, Anoop Kumar, Pradeep K. Dudeja, Terry G. Unterman, Gina Votta-Velis, Benjamin Bruce, Andre J. van Wijnen, Hee-Jeong Im
Summary: The study found that probiotic therapy with Lactobacillus acidophilus can rapidly alleviate inflammatory knee joint pain and prevent further progression of osteoarthritis. This treatment also reduces the levels of cartilage-degrading enzymes, pain markers, and inflammatory factors. Additionally, the probiotic treatment significantly alters the fecal microbiota.
Editorial Material
Genetics & Heredity
Andre J. van Wijnen, Erica Golemis, Israel Hanukoglu, Stephen Kwok-Wing Tsui
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amel Dudakovic, Sofia Jerez, Padmini J. Deosthale, Janet M. Denbeigh, Christopher R. Paradise, Martina Gluscevic, Pengfei Zan, Dana L. Begun, Emily T. Camilleri, Oksana Pichurin, Farzaneh Khani, Roman Thaler, Jane B. Lian, Gary S. Stein, Jennifer J. Westendorf, Lilian I. Plotkin, Andre J. van Wijnen
Summary: High-throughput microRNA sequencing was used to study the differentiation of osteoblasts and identify specific microRNAs involved in osteogenesis. The study found that miR-101a is highly upregulated during osteoblast differentiation and plays a role in accelerating mineralization. Transient elevation of miR-101a reduces the levels of Ezh2, a regulatory enzyme, and promotes bone formation. Male mice with overexpression of miR-101a exhibit enhanced trabecular bone parameters, while no significant changes were observed in females. This suggests that the effect of miR-101a on bone formation is influenced by intricate epigenetic mechanisms, which may differ between sexes.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Insug O-Sullivan, Ranjan Kc, Gurjit Singh, Vaskar Das, Kaige Ma, Xin Li, Fackson Mwale, Gina Votta-Velis, Benjamin Bruce, Arivarasu Natarajan Anbazhagan, Andre J. van Wijnen, Hee-Jeong Im
Summary: The NGF/TrkA signaling pathway plays a crucial role in osteoarthritis pain, involving cellular plasticity in peripheral sensory neurons and angiogenesis in synovial cells. In mice with sensory-neuron-specific deletion of TrkA, the OA-related joint pain was significantly improved.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Parisa Dashti, Jeroen van de Peppel, Roman Thaler, Christopher R. Paradise, Gary S. Stein, Martin A. Montecino, Johannes P. T. M. van Leeuwen, Bram J. van der Eerden, Amel Dudakovic, Andre J. van Wijnen
Summary: This study found that Smyd2 inhibits proliferation and mineral deposition by osteoblasts, and operates parallel to the suppressive effects of Ezh2 and H3K27 trimethylation on osteoblast differentiation.
Editorial Material
Orthopedics
Andre J. van Wijnen, Eric A. Lewallen
JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Praneet Dara, Zeba Farooqui, Fackson Mwale, Chungyoul Choe, Andre J. van Wijnen, Hee-Jeong Im
Summary: Chronic pain conditions caused by arthritis have devastating effects on both individuals and society. The main objective of pharmacological treatments is to reduce pain, and several types of drugs have been considered. Naltrexone, an oral-activated opioid antagonist, has been shown to have beneficial effects on chronic pain conditions such as fibromyalgia and multiple sclerosis.
Article
Orthopedics
Hayman Lui, Cedryck Vaquette, Janet M. Denbeigh, Randy Bindra, Andre J. van Wijnen, Sanjeev Kakar
Summary: This study aims to assess the use of growth factors (BMP2 and GDF5) for bone and ligament regeneration in a multiphasic scaffold in a rabbit knee model. The addition of BMP2 and GDF5 in the BLB scaffold resulted in heterotopic bone formation and ligament failure.
JOURNAL OF WRIST SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Stephane Blouin, Farzaneh Khani, Phaedra Messmer, Paul Roschger, Markus A. Hartmann, Andre J. van Wijnen, Roman Thaler, Barbara M. Misof
Summary: Vitamin C is crucial for bone health and low levels of serum Vitamin C increase the risk of skeletal fractures. This study examined the effects of Vitamin C on femoral structure, bone formation, and bone mineralization density distribution in mice. The results showed that Vitamin C depletion significantly reduced cortical thickness and bone volume, as well as diminished the amount of newly formed bone tissue. Additionally, Vitamin C supplementation led to higher calcium concentrations and suggested a longer bone tissue age. Female mice were found to be more sensitive to Vitamin C deficiency. These findings highlight the key role of Vitamin C in bone formation rate and its potential in preventing bone-degenerative diseases, especially in females.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Xiangge Meng, Chengping Li, Yu Hei, Xiang Zhou, Guoli Zhou
Summary: The study used IVT-SAPAS sequencing to analyze the dynamic changes of APA sites during adipogenesis in bovine subcutaneous preadipocytes and intramuscular preadipocytes. The results showed that APA plays an important role in adipocyte differentiation, and UTR-APA switching genes have different trends, with intramuscular preadipocytes tending to use shorter 3'UTR for differentiation. TRIB3, WWTR1, and INSIG1 play important roles in intramuscular preadipocyte differentiation.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
S. Alizadeh, S. Khamse, N. Tajeddin, H. R. Khorram Khorshid, A. Delbari, M. Ohadi
Summary: This study identifies a specific genotype at a CG-rich trinucleotide short tandem repeat (STR) locus that is associated with late-onset neurocognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Shougang Liu, Zhe Zhuang, Fanghua Liu, Xiuqing Yuan, Zeqiao Zhang, Xiaoqian Liang, Xinhui Li, Yongfeng Chen
Summary: This study investigated the effect and mechanism of RPL9 and TIFA in scalp psoriasis, and identified RPL9 as a potential therapeutic target for scalp psoriasis.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Shiting Wang, Jiaqi Chen, Zhichao Jin, Ying Xing, Ruiping Wang
Summary: This study suggests a causal association between hair color and skin cancers, with light hair colors (red, blonde, and light brown) being associated with an increased risk and dark brown hair being associated with a decreased risk.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Joseph Hawadak, Loick Pradel Kojom Foko, Rodrigue Roman Dongang Nana, Karmveer Yadav, Veena Pande, Aparup Das, Vineeta Singh
Summary: This study investigates the genetic diversity and natural selection of the Pfama-1 gene in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Cameroon. The study finds a considerable nucleotide and haplotype diversity, as well as specific mutations in Cameroonian isolates. Positive diversifying selection and the identification of selected codon sites suggest the potential implication of these genetic variations in host immune pressure and parasite-binding complex modulation. The findings provide valuable baseline data for malaria vaccine design.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Emily Biernat, Mansi Verma, Chhabi K. Govind
Summary: RSC is an essential ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It regulates nucleosome-depleted regions (NDRs) by sliding flanking nucleosomes away from NDRs. Depletion of RSC leads to nucleosome encroachment in NDRs and transcription initiation defects. The study compared the effects of catalytic-dead Sth1 and rapid depletion of Sth1 on transcription. Rapid depletion of Sth1 reduces recruitment of TBP and Pol II, while the catalytic-dead mutant exhibits a severe reduction in TBP binding but accumulates Pol II in coding regions. The results suggest a role for RSC in transcription elongation and termination processes.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Yunxiao Wei, Yuhan Song, Muhammad Aamir Khan, Chengzhen Liang, Zhigang Meng, Yuan Wang, Sandui Guo, Rui Zhang
Summary: This study analyzed the GhTPP protein family in upland cotton for the first time and identified the important role of GhTPPA_2 in regulating sugar metabolism, improving soluble sugar accumulation, and drought stress tolerance.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Yannan Geng, Rui Shao, Tiantong Xu, Lilong Zhang
Summary: A novel risk model based on SCUBE3, TNNC1, SPON1, SEPT12 and ULBP1 genes was developed for predicting PMOP risk, with higher risk score indicating higher risk of suffering from PMOP. Significant differences in signaling pathway activities were observed between the high-risk score group and the low-risk score group.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Randy P. Williams, Corina Lesseur, Haoxiang Cheng, Qian Li, Maya Deyssenroth, Christopher D. Molteno, Ernesta M. Meintjes, Sandra W. Jacobson, Joseph L. Jacobson, Helen Wainwright, Ke Hao, Jia Chen, R. Colin Carter
Summary: The study suggests that heavy alcohol exposure during pregnancy may impact the proportion of fetal placental villi macrophages and increase the expression of inflammatory genes. Further research is needed to explore these effects and evaluate the potential functional roles of placental inflammation in FASD.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Lvjing Luo, Lishuang Sun, Shu Li, Huiting Liu, Zhengyu Chen, Shi Huang, Yinyin Mo, Genliang Li
Summary: This study analyzed the expression of Ptpn1 and miR-124-3p in testicular tissues of mice and investigated their regulatory relationship. The results showed that Ptpn1 expression was up-regulated in adult mouse testis compared to juvenile mouse testis, while miR-124-3p expression showed an opposite pattern. Further analysis suggested that the down-regulation of miR-124-3p may contribute to the high expression of Ptpn1 in adult mouse testis.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Gairui Li, Dan Zhao, Xiaolin Peng, Yashuang Zhao
Summary: MiRNA-22 shows potential as a candidate for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The study found higher miR-22 expression levels in the CRC and CRA groups, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for CRC early screening.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Zhongqiu Zhu, Qianting Yang, Xiaoying Tian, Da Man, Jian Wang, Junfang Zhang, Bingshe Han
Summary: This study constructed a ceRNA network mediated by lncRNAs in cold-acclimated zebrafish ZF4 cells and revealed that upregulation of MSTRG3207 promotes apoptosis by sponging dre-miR-736 during cold acclimation.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Weitao Chen, Denggao Xiang, Shang Gao, Shuli Zhu, Zhi Wu, Yuefei Li, Jie Li
Summary: Dam construction has negatively impacted the genetic diversity and structure of fish populations. This case study on the endangered Hemibagrus guttatus found low genetic diversity, high levels of inbreeding, and decreasing population size in fragmented populations. Genetic structure and differentiation were also observed, indicating the influence of dams on these fish populations.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Pooja Singh, Debleena Guin, Bijay Pattnaik, Ritushree Kukreti
Summary: Through systematic literature review and meta-analysis, it was found that idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is significantly associated with 222 polymorphisms in 118 genes. Four polymorphisms - rs35705950/MUC5B, rs2736100/TERT, rs2076295/DSP, and rs111521887/TOLLIP, exhibited substantial epidemiological evidence supporting their association with IPF risk.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Jianping Zhang, Zhijun Cai, Fanzhe Feng, Yufeng Peng, Yi Cui, Yongiqing Xu
Summary: This study found that exosomes secreted by young BMSCs can promote the healing of tendon-bone interface after rotator cuff tears. These exosomes can improve extracellular matrix remodeling, osteogenic differentiation, angiogenesis, and stemness of tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs). The exosomes from young BMSCs have better effects compared to those from aged BMSCs.
