Editorial Material
Oncology
James R. Goldenring
Summary: Intestinal-type gastric cancer can arise from precancerous metaplastic lineages, specifically from spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) cells. A recent study identified an activating Kras(G12D) mutation in SPEM cells, which propagated into adenomatous and cancerous lesions, suggesting that SPEM lineages can serve as a direct precursor for dysplasia and intestinal-type gastric cancer.
JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Chuang Yang, Patrick Sven Plum, Ines Gockel, Rene Thieme
Summary: The study found that AURKA is significantly overexpressed in many types of cancer and its elevated expression is closely associated with poorer prognosis and advanced tumor stages. AURKA is involved in key pathways related to cell cycle and arachidonic acid metabolism. It also shows significant correlations with immunoregulatory genes and immune cell profiles. In vitro experiments further confirmed the role of AURKA in promoting cancer progression and growth.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Patrizia Cammareri, Kevin B. Myant
Summary: Cellular plasticity plays a crucial role in cancer initiation and therapy resistance, leading to phenotypic and functional heterogeneity within tumors.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yizhi Li, Aoran Liu, Songyi Liu, Lirong Yan, Yuan Yuan, Qian Xu
Summary: The expression of CXCL17 and its receptor GPR35 in different gastric pathological lesions was investigated in this study. The results showed that CXCL17 expression gradually increased during the progression of gastric diseases, but significantly decreased in gastric cancer. GPR35 had a similar expression pattern but remained abundant in gastric cancer. High CXCL17 expression in gastric cancer was associated with less malignant behavior and favorable prognosis. Overexpressing CXCL17 in HGC27 cells upregulated CCL20 expression. In addition, CXCL17 was involved in cancer-promoting pathways and inflammatory activities.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Patrick Sven Plum, Heike Loeser, Thomas Zander, Ahlem Essakly, Christiane J. Bruns, Axel M. Hillmer, Hakan Alakus, Wolfgang Schroeder, Reinhard Buttner, Florian Gebauer, Alexander Quaas
Summary: The study found amplification of GATA6 in 9.9% of esophageal adenocarcinoma cases, with a higher rate of 12.3% in patients after neoadjuvant treatment. Additionally, a simultaneous amplification of PIK3CA and GATA6 was observed, not detected in other genes analyzed.
JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Alexander Damanakis, Patrick Sven Plum, Florian Gebauer, Wolfgang Schroeder, Reinhard Buettner, Thomas Zander, Christiane Josephine Bruns, Alexander Quaas
Summary: This study describes the prognostic and potentially therapeutic relevance of FBP1 in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Intratumoral FBP1 expression in EAC patients is significantly associated with a better prognosis and elevated FBP1 expression is an independent biomarker associated with a favorable prognosis.
JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Xiaofei Liu, Junbo Zhao, Zhiwei Sun, Guangwei Wang
Summary: A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 11,519 patients with G3 EACs to construct a nomogram for decision-making and prognosis prediction. Cox regression analysis identified age, race, tumor size, lymph node resection, stage, and adjuvant therapy as prognostic factors. The nomogram accurately predicted survival rates and will aid clinicians in managing patients more effectively.
Editorial Material
Oncology
Matthew D. Stachler
Summary: The study characterizes and analyzes single-cell RNA-sequencing data of the tubal gastrointestinal system, including various inflammatory conditions and intestinal metaplasia of the stomach and esophagus. The findings reveal similarities in transcript and protein levels between gastric and esophageal intestinal metaplasia. Interestingly, the study shows that individual cells within metaplastic areas can coexpress transcriptional programs of both gastric and intestinal epithelia.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Amir-Houshang Omidvari, William D. Hazelton, Brianna N. Lauren, Steffie K. Naber, Minyi Lee, Ayman Ali, Claudia Seguin, Chun Yin Kong, Ellen Richmond, Joel H. Rubenstein, Georg E. Luebeck, John M. Inadomi, Chin Hur, Iris Lansdorp-Vogelaar
Summary: This study highlights the importance of considering comorbidity status and sex when determining the optimal age to discontinue surveillance in patients with NDBE. Men are generally recommended a later age for the last surveillance, while women are recommended to discontinue surveillance at a younger age.
Article
Oncology
E. Ococks, A. M. Frankell, N. Masque Soler, N. Grehan, A. Northrop, H. Coles, A. M. Redmond, G. Devonshire, J. M. J. Weaver, C. Hughes, K. Lehovsky, A. Blasko, B. Nutzinger, R. C. Fitzgerald, E. Smyth
Summary: The study analyzed the prognostic potential of postoperative ctDNA in EAC patients, finding that ctDNA-positive patients had a higher recurrence rate and significantly shorter cancer-specific survival after excluding CHIP. Postoperative ctDNA could be utilized for risk stratification and adjustment of chemotherapy intensity.
ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Surgery
Maurice Y. Nahabedian
Summary: The current controversies surrounding breast implants focus on the removal of the capsule during explantation for benign conditions. The options for capsulectomy range from none to en bloc removal, with some patients requesting en bloc capsulectomy even in the absence of anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Scientific evidence only supports en bloc removal for patients with capsular malignancies.
PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Tao Rui, Kai Wang, Aizhai Xiang, Jufeng Guo, Ning Tang, Xin Jin, Yimou Lin, Jian Liu, Xiaobing Zhang
Summary: In this study, piRNAs were identified as components of serum exosomes from HCC patients, with different expression compared to non-tumor donors. These piRNAs showed potential diagnostic value for HCC and could distinguish HCC patients from non-tumor donors, especially those with low tumor burden.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Michiel C. Mommersteeg, Stella A. V. Nieuwenburg, Wouter J. den Hollander, Lisanne Holster, Caroline M. den Hoed, Lisette G. Capelle, Tjon J. Tang, Marie- Paule Anten, Ingrid Prytz-Berset, Ellen M. Witteman, Frank ter Borg, Jordy P. W. Burger, Michail Doukas, Marco J. Bruno, Maikel P. Peppelenbosch, Gwenny M. Fuhler, Ernst J. Kuipers, Manon C. W. Spaander
Summary: Guidelines recommend endoscopy with biopsies to distinguish high and low progression risk patients with gastric premalignant lesions. One-third of patients classified as low-risk and potentially discharged appeared to be misclassified, with one additional endoscopy reducing the misclassification risk by 70%.
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Alla Turshudzhyan, Houman Rezaizadeh
Summary: The microbiome in H. pylori-negative patients is associated with different stages of gastric carcinogenesis, which could have predictive and diagnostic implications. A larger prospective study across multiple geographic regions is needed.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pingping Yan, Chunli Qin, Zengyin Yan, Chang Chen, Fengjing Zhang
Summary: A LC-MS method for the determination of salivary lactate was developed and applied on saliva samples collected from professional sprinters. The concentration of salivary lactate was affected by mouth rinse times before sampling and stabilized after rinsing three times. The concentration at resting state was consistent at group level but varied greatly individually. Salivary lactate levels significantly increased after treadmill and cycle ergometer trainings and showed positive correlation with blood lactate concentration. Further research is needed to understand the secretion mechanism and pattern of salivary lactate.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jan Bornschein, Michael Quante, Marnix Jansen
Summary: Chronic acid-biliary reflux and Helicobacter pylori infection are major environmental drivers of cancer initiation and progression in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Although these carcinogens cause similar tumor progression cascades, there are key differences that highlight the need for further scientific research on the cell-cell interaction in the anatomical region between the esophagus and stomach.
BEST PRACTICE & RESEARCH CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Sebastian Deschler, Juliane Kager, Johanna Erber, Lisa Fricke, Plamena Koyumdzhieva, Alexandra Georgieva, Tobias Lahmer, Johannes R. Wiessner, Florian Voit, Jochen Schneider, Julia Horstmann, Roman Iakoubov, Matthias Treiber, Christof Winter, Jurgen Ruland, Dirk H. Busch, Percy A. Knolle, Ulrike Protzer, Christoph D. Spinner, Roland M. Schmid, Michael Quante, Katrin Bottcher
Summary: MAIT cells in patients with COVID-19 show high activation and expression of proinflammatory cytokines, while their antibacterial and antiviral function is impaired. The data points towards the importance of MAIT cells in the pathogenesis of COVID-19.
Article
Oncology
Ewelina Flis, Gillian Barber, Ciara Nulty, Brian Keogh, Peter McGuirk, Akanksha Anand, Jacintha O'Sullivan, Michael Quante, Emma M. Creagh
Summary: The activation of TLR2 in Barrett's organoids and esophageal cancer cells can amplify inflammation and promote cancer development. Neutralizing TLR2 efficiently blocks its inflammatory effects, suggesting TLR2 targeting as a potential therapeutic approach to limit esophageal disease and cancer progression.
Review
Oncology
Mehmet Yalchin, Ann-Marie Baker, Trevor A. Graham, Ailsa Hart
Summary: Patients with colonic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC), and are enrolled into a surveillance programme aimed at detecting dysplasia or early cancer. Current surveillance programmes are guided by clinical, endoscopic or histological predictors of colitis-associated CRC (CA-CRC). There has been significant progress in understanding predictors of disease progression and improvements in endoscopic technique and management, leading to a decrease in the incidence of CA-CRC over the past 50 years. However, there is still room for improvement in our molecular understanding of CA-CRC progression and better risk stratification for patients with IBD.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Eszter Lakatos, Helen Hockings, Maximilian Mossner, Weini Huang, Michelle Lockley, Trevor A. Graham
Summary: LiquidCNA is a novel method for tracking subclonal evolution by measuring cfDNA in liquid biopsies, allowing minimally invasive monitoring of tumor dynamics during therapy. It is easy to use, cost-effective, and enables continuous monitoring of subclonal evolution without requiring complex data information, providing insights into and control over therapy-induced resistance.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Melissa Schmidt, Richard J. Hackett, Ann-Marie Baker, Stuart A. C. McDonald, Michael Quante, Trevor A. Graham
Summary: Cancer development is a dynamic evolutionary process with intratumoural heterogeneity. Barrett's esophagus serves as a model system to study malignant evolution, with evidence suggesting pre-programmed progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma years before clinical detection. Understanding the evolutionary dynamics of Barrett's esophagus may lead to novel therapeutic targets and personalized surveillance programs to prevent progression to EAC.
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Michael Quante, Timothy C. Wang, Adam J. Bass
Review
Oncology
Calum Gabbutt, Nicholas A. Wright, Ann-Marie Baker, Darryl Shibata, Trevor A. Graham
Summary: The dynamical process of cell division that maintains homeostasis in the human body cannot be observed directly. Instead, it is measured through somatic genetic or epigenetic mutations in tissues. Mathematical analysis of somatic clone sizes provides quantitative information on cell birth, death, and replacement rates. This review explores the use of different somatic mutation types for lineage tracing in human tissues, introduces mathematical concepts for inferring dynamic information from clone size data, and discusses the implications of this approach for understanding homeostasis and cancer development.
JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Esha Madan, Antonio M. Palma, Vignesh Vudatha, Jose G. Trevino, Kedar Nath Natarajan, Robert A. Winn, Kyoung Jae Won, Trevor A. Graham, Ronny Drapkin, Stuart A. C. McDonald, Paul B. Fisher, Rajan Gogna
Summary: The majority of human cancers evolve through the accumulation of somatic mutations and clonal selection. The mechanisms governing clonal dynamics and selection during the early stages of tissue transformation are still unclear. Cell competition, known as "survival of the fittest" at the cellular level, can eliminate less fit cells or lead to the uncontrolled expansion of super-fit cancer cells. Recent research has highlighted the role of interclonal competition and cancer microenvironment competition in tumor progression.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qingli Guo, Eszter Lakatos, Ibrahim Al Bakir, Kit Curtius, Trevor A. Graham, Ville Mustonen
Summary: Clinical archives of patient material are predominantly composed of FFPE blocks. However, sequencing DNA derived from FFPE material is known to have artifacts. In this study, a computational algorithm called FFPEsig is introduced to rectify these artifacts and enable accurate mutational signature analysis.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Asmaa Elrakaybi, Dietrich A. Ruess, Michael Luebbert, Michael Quante, Heiko Becker
Summary: Epigenetic alterations play a significant role in the biology of PDAC, providing insights into its aggressive nature and offering new avenues for personalized therapies.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anna Ralser, Alisa Dietl, Sebastian Jarosch, Veronika Engelsberger, Andreas Wanisch, Klaus Peter Janssen, Moritz Middelhoff, Michael Vieth, Michael Quante, Dirk Haller, Dirk H. Busch, Li Deng, Raquel Mejias-Luque, Markus Gerhard
Summary: Helicobacter pylori infection is the most common bacterial infection worldwide and is associated with an increased risk of both gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. However, the direct causality and functional connection between H. pylori infection and colon cancer are still unclear.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Khalid AbdulJabbar, Simon P. Castillo, Katherine Hughes, Hannah Davidson, Amy M. Boddy, Lisa M. Abegglen, Lucia Minoli, Selina Iussich, Elizabeth P. Murchison, Trevor A. Graham, Simon Spiro, Carlo C. Maley, Luca Aresu, Chiara Palmieri, Yinyin Yuan
Summary: Cancers occur across species. The researchers built a pan-species cancer digital pathology atlas and used an artificial intelligence algorithm to measure immune response and identify morphological similarities in different animal species. They demonstrated the potential of AI in veterinary pathology, which could greatly accelerate developments in veterinary medicine and comparative oncology.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Magnus J. Haughey, Aleix L. Bassolas, Sandro Sousa, Ann-Marie L. Baker, Trevor A. Graham, Vincenzo L. Nicosia, Weini Huang
Summary: Tumours are composed of cell sub-populations that may vary in growth rate and response to treatment. Understanding the emergence and evolution of these sub-populations is crucial for predicting tumour behaviour and improving treatment. However, traditional methods of studying tumour heterogeneity often neglect the spatial context of cells, which can provide important information about tumour evolution. In this study, a new methodology for spatial analysis of tumour tissue is proposed, using random walks to quantify clustering and heterogeneity within high-resolution spatial maps of tumour sub-population mixing.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lydia Neary-Zajiczek, Clara Essmann, Anita Rau, Sophia Bano, Neil Clancy, Marnix Jansen, Lauren Heptinstall, Elena Miranda, Amir Gander, Vijay Pawar, Delmiro Fernandez-Reyes, Michael Shaw, Brian Davidson, Danail Stoyanov
Summary: This study demonstrates a novel approach to improve the accuracy of tumor margin estimation during cancer resection surgery by using a measurable property of bulk tissue to infer elastic modulus without the need for staining. By accurately localizing AFM measurements and training a generative adversarial network, pathology can be predicted through unsupervised clustering of parameters, achieving high accuracy rates for both nominal and independently validated samples. This technique shows promise for increasing the feasibility of intraoperative frozen section analysis and improving patient outcomes during resection surgery.
NANOSCALE ADVANCES
(2021)
