Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daryl Zheng Hao Aw, Keng Kai Heng, Jovian Yee Han Heok, Xin Yang Kong, Hui Chen, Tong Zhang, Weiwei Zhai, Vincent T. K. Chow
Summary: This study compared the evolution of H3N2 influenza in different host cells and found specific mutations and viral quasispecies. The adaptation and virulence of the virus varied in different host species. However, there were no significant differences in the neutralizing antibody profiles of human-influenza-immune serum samples against different passaged viruses. More studies are needed to understand the complex relationships between H3N2 virus evolution, viral virulence changes, and low vaccine efficacy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Wang Ruifang, Zhu Yinxing, Ren Chenwei, Yang Shuaike, Tian Shan, Chen Huanchun, Jin Meilin, Zhou Hongbo
Summary: IAV infection induces mitophagy, with the PB1-F2 protein playing a key role in this process by translocating to mitochondria and interacting with TUFM and LC3B. PB1-F2-induced mitophagy leads to degradation of MAVS and suppression of type I interferon production, resulting in impaired cellular innate immunity, making it a potential therapeutic target.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Kun Huang, Haiying Mao, Peilei Ren, Yufei Zhang, Xiaomei Sun, Zhong Zou, Meilin Jin
Summary: Two strains of H5N6 were isolated from chickens and ducks, named XGD and JX. While showing no significant differences in growth kinetics in vitro, JX strain was found to be more virulent in mice. Genetic analysis revealed 13 mutations in six viral proteins of the two strains, highlighting the crucial role of the NS1 protein in enhancing the virulence of JX, specifically through the amino acid 139D.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Virology
Joelle Mettier, Clementine Prompt, Elise Bruder, Bruno Da Costa, Christophe Chevalier, Ronan Le Goffic
Summary: A study compared the interactome of human and avian PB1-F2 proteins and found differences in their functions. The human PB1-F2 protein is involved in Rho GTPase signaling, while the avian PB1-F2 protein is involved in ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis. PB1-F2 can interact with various protein complexes and exert different functions.
Article
Immunology
Qiao Wang, Qi Zhang, Maiqing Zheng, Jie Wen, Qinghe Li, Guiping Zhao
Summary: The study systematically investigated the physical interactions between 11 H5N1 avian influenza virus proteins and host proteins in chicken DF1 cells using AP-MS, revealing how the host machinery is manipulated during the course of H5N1 AIV infection. Over 1,000 interactions were identified involving 621 chicken proteins, providing a comprehensive understanding of the virus-host interactions.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tarani Kanta Barman, Victor C. Huber, Jesse L. Bonin, Danielle Califano, Sharon L. Salmon, Andrew N. J. McKenzie, Dennis W. Metzger
Summary: This study reveals the interplay between host interferon (IFN)-gamma and viral PB1-F2 virulence protein in regulating the functions of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and T cells during influenza virus infection. In the absence of IFN-gamma, lung ILC2s initiate a robust IL-5 response, leading to improved tissue integrity and increased survival. However, the presence of functional PB1-F2 suppresses ILC2 responses and induces a dominant IL-13 CD8 T cell response. This study also demonstrates the importance of IFN-gamma in host resistance against lethal doses of the influenza virus.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Biology
Joanna A. Pulit-Penaloza, Nicole Brock, Jessica A. Belser, Xiangjie Sun, Claudia Pappas, Terrence M. Tumpey, Taronna R. Maines
Summary: The analysis of 14 diverse influenza viruses in ferrets reveals that efficient ferret-to-ferret transmission via air is directly associated with robust emission of virus-laden particles at early times. The measurement of viral load in the air is typically not a component of routine studies using the ferret transmission model, but our findings show that transmissible viruses display fast release into the air. This suggests that quantification of viral RNA in the air represents a useful addition to assessments of new influenza virus strains.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sujuan Chen, Xinyu Miao, Dandan Huangfu, Xinyi Zhao, Minxia Zhang, Tao Qin, Daxin Peng, Xiufan Liu
Summary: The addition of five amino acids to the 80-84 positions of the NS1 protein in H5N1 subtype AIVs isolated from mammals enhances pathogenicity by affecting dendritic cells' infection ability and immune responses, resulting in the generation of a cytokine storm.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Virology
Andrew J. Burnham, Jason Rafe Miller, Indresh Singh, Emily A. Billings, Margaret A. Rush, Gillian M. Air, Stephan Bour
Summary: This study reports the in-silico identification of novel isoforms of PB1-F2 and PA-X in influenza virus genomes from avian samples, indicating the benefit of using multiple algorithms during gene annotation.
Article
Virology
Mengqi Yu, Yanna Guo, Lingcai Zhao, Yuanlu Lu, Qingzheng Liu, Yinjing Li, Lulu Deng, Zhiyu Shi, Haifeng Wang, Samar Dankar, Jihui Ping
Summary: The study found that two mutations in the NS1 protein of influenza A virus can alter the viral properties, increasing its replication ability and pathogenicity in the host, while inhibiting the host's immune response. These mutations may serve as potential targets for antiviral drugs and vaccine development.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christophe Chevalier, Olivier Leymarie, Laura Sedano, Bruno Da Costa, Charles-Adrien Richard, Pauline Maisonnasse, Matthieu Refregiers, Frederic Jamme, Ronan Le Goffic
Summary: In this study, researchers investigated the correlation between PB1-F2 protein structures and the resulting inflammatory response in influenza A virus-infected mice. The results showed a proinflammatory effect of PB1-F2 fibers compared to other forms of the protein, leading to respiratory distress. This suggests that the virulence mechanisms of PB1-F2 may depend on its sequence and oligomerization status.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pengtao Bao, Yang Liu, Xiaoai Zhang, Hang Fan, Jie Zhao, Mi Mu, Haiyang Li, Yanhe Wang, Honghan Ge, Shuang Li, Xin Yang, Qianqian Cui, Rui Chen, Liang Gao, Zhihua Sun, Lizhen Gao, Shuang Qiu, Xuchun Liu, Peter W. Horby, Xiubin Li, Liqun Fang, Wei Liu
Summary: This is a study on a four-year-old boy infected with a reassortant avian influenza A H3N8 virus. The virus was found to have increased virulence and transmissibility, and was detected in pets and environmental samples from the patient's house.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Virology
Samantha L. Letsholo, Joe James, Stephanie M. Meyer, Alexander M. P. Byrne, Scott M. Reid, Tirumala B. K. Settypalli, Sneha Datta, Letlhogile Oarabile, Obakeng Kemolatlhe, Kgakgamatso T. Pebe, Bruce R. Mafonko, Tebogo J. Kgotlele, Kago Kumile, Boitumelo Modise, Carter Thanda, John F. C. Nyange, Chandapiwa Marobela-Raborokgwe, Giovanni Cattoli, Charles E. Lamien, Ian H. Brown, William G. Dundon, Ashley C. Banyard
Summary: Numerous outbreaks of high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) occurred in Africa, including in Benin, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Senegal, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, and Botswana. The detection of H5N1 virus in Botswana has significant implications for disease management, wildlife conservation, tourism, public health, vulnerable communities empowerment, and food security in the region.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Natalie Moyen, Md. Ahasanul Hoque, Rashed Mahmud, Mahmudul Hasan, Sudipta Sarkar, Paritosh Kumar Biswas, Hossain Mehedi, Joerg Henning, Punam Mangtani, Meerjady Sabrina Flora, Mahmudur Rahman, Nitish C. Debnath, Mohammad Giasuddin, Tony Barnett, Dirk U. Pfeiffer, Guillaume Fournie
Summary: Live animal markets are known hotspots for zoonotic disease emergence, and trading networks play a crucial role in disease spread dynamics. In Bangladesh, live poultry trading networks promote viral strain co-circulation, with upstream transmission nodes significantly impacting viral prevalence in markets. Disease control interventions should target network structures, tailored to local characteristics for effectiveness.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Virology
Kaituo Liu, Yaqian Guo, Huafen Zheng, Zhuxing Ji, Miao Cai, Ruyi Gao, Pinghu Zhang, Xiaowen Liu, Xiulong Xu, Xiaoquan Wang, Xiufan Liu
Summary: H9N2 avian influenza viruses have become dominant in China and this study identified amino acid substitutions in the HA protein that enhance viral replication and virulence in mice. These mutations also enable viral transmission in guinea pigs. The study provides valuable insights into pandemic preparedness against emerging H9N2 strains.